NAME

       ndisasm - the Netwide Disassembler, an 80x86 binary file disassembler

SYNOPSIS

       ndisasm [ -o origin ] [ -s sync-point [...]] [ -a | -i ] [ -b bits ] [ -u ] [ -e hdrlen ]
       [ -p vendor ] [ -k offset,length [...]] infile

DESCRIPTION

       The ndisasm command generates a disassembly listing of the binary file infile and directs
       it to stdout.

OPTIONS

       -h
           Causes ndisasm to exit immediately, after giving a summary of its invocation options.

       -r|-v
           Causes ndisasm to exit immediately, after displaying its version number.

       -o origin
           Specifies the notional load address for the file. This option causes ndisasm to get
           the addresses it lists down the left hand margin, and the target addresses of
           PC-relative jumps and calls, right.

       -s sync-point
           Manually specifies a synchronisation address, such that ndisasm will not output any
           machine instruction which encompasses bytes on both sides of the address. Hence the
           instruction which starts at that address will be correctly disassembled.

       -e hdrlen
           Specifies a number of bytes to discard from the beginning of the file before starting
           disassembly. This does not count towards the calculation of the disassembly offset:
           the first disassembled instruction will be shown starting at the given load address.

       -k offset,length
           Specifies that length bytes, starting from disassembly offset offset, should be
           skipped over without generating any output. The skipped bytes still count towards the
           calculation of the disassembly offset.

       -a|-i
           Enables automatic (or intelligent) sync mode, in which ndisasm will attempt to guess
           where synchronisation should be performed, by means of examining the target addresses
           of the relative jumps and calls it disassembles.

       -b bits
           Specifies 16-, 32- or 64-bit mode. The default is 16-bit mode.

       -u
           Specifies 32-bit mode, more compactly than using ‘-b 32’.

       -p vendor
           Prefers instructions as defined by vendor in case of a conflict. Known vendor names
           include intel, amd, cyrix, and idt. The default is intel.

RESTRICTIONS

       ndisasm only disassembles binary files: it has no understanding of the header information
       present in object or executable files. If you want to disassemble an object file, you
       should probably be using objdump(1).

       Auto-sync mode won’t necessarily cure all your synchronisation problems: a sync marker can
       only be placed automatically if a jump or call instruction is found to refer to it before
       ndisasm actually disassembles that part of the code. Also, if spurious jumps or calls
       result from disassembling non-machine-code data, sync markers may get placed in strange
       places. Feel free to turn auto-sync off and go back to doing it manually if necessary.

SEE ALSO

       objdump(1)