Provided by: grass-doc_8.3.0-1_all
NAME
r.path - Traces paths from starting points following input directions.
KEYWORDS
raster, hydrology, cost surface
SYNOPSIS
r.path r.path --help r.path [-can] input=name format=string [values=name] [raster_path=name] [vector_path=name] [start_coordinates=east,north[,east,north,...]] [start_points=name[,name,...]] [--overwrite] [--help] [--verbose] [--quiet] [--ui] Flags: -c Copy input cell values on output -a Accumulate input values along the path -n Count cell numbers along the path --overwrite Allow output files to overwrite existing files --help Print usage summary --verbose Verbose module output --quiet Quiet module output --ui Force launching GUI dialog Parameters: input=name [required] Name of input direction Direction in degrees CCW from east, or bitmask encoded format=string [required] Format of the input direction map Options: auto, degree, 45degree, bitmask Default: auto auto: auto-detect direction format degree: degrees CCW from East 45degree: degrees CCW from East divided by 45 (e.g. r.watershed directions) bitmask: bitmask encoded directions (e.g. r.cost -b) values=name Name of input raster values to be used for output Name of input raster map raster_path=name Name for output raster path map Name for output raster map vector_path=name Name for output vector path map Name for output vector map start_coordinates=east,north[,east,north,...] Coordinates of starting point(s) (E,N) start_points=name[,name,...] Name of starting vector points map(s) Or data source(s) for direct OGR access
DESCRIPTION
r.path traces a path from starting points following input directions. Such a movement direction map can be generated with r.walk, r.cost, r.slope.aspect, r.watershed, or r.fill.dir, provided that the direction is in degrees, measured counterclockwise from east. Alternatively, bitmask-encoded directions can be provided where each bit position corresponds to a specific neighbour. A path will continue to all neighbours with their bit set. This means a path can split and merge. Such bitmasked directions can be created with the -b flag of r.cost and r.walk. Direction encoding for neighbors of x 135 90 45 7 8 1 180 x 360 6 x 2 225 270 315 5 4 3 degrees bit positions CCW from East A path stops when the direction is zero or negative, indicating a stop point or outlet. The output raster map will show one or more least-cost paths between each user-provided location(s) and the target points (direction ≤ 0). By default, the output will be an integer CELL map with the id of the start points along the least cost path, and null cells elsewhere. With the -c (copy) flag, the values raster map cell values are copied verbatim along the path. With the -a (accumulate) flag, the accumulated cell value from the starting point up to the current cell is written on output. With either the -c or the -a flags, the raster_path map is created with the same cell type as the values raster map (integer, float or double). With the -n (number) flag, the cells are numbered consecutively from the starting point to the final point. The -c, -a, and -n flags are mutually incompatible. The start_coordinates parameter consists of map E and N grid coordinates of a starting point. Each x,y pair is the easting and northing (respectively) of a starting point from which a path will be traced following input directions. The start_points parameter can take multiple vector maps containing additional starting points.
NOTES
The directions are recorded as degrees CCW from East, the Knight’s move of r.cost and r.walk is considered: 112.5 67.5 157.5 135 90 45 22.5 180 x 0 202.5 225 270 315 337.5 247.5 292.5 i.e. a cell with the value 135 means the next cell is to the North-West, and a cell with the value 157.5 means that the next cell is to the West-North-West.
EXAMPLES
Hydrological path We are using the full North Carolina sample dataset. First we create the two points from a text file using v.in.ascii module (here the text file is CSV and we are using unix here-file syntax with EOF, in GUI just enter the values directly for the parameter input): v.in.ascii input=- output=start format=point separator=comma <<EOF 638667.15686275,220610.29411765 638610.78431373,220223.03921569 EOF We need to supply a direction raster map to the r.path module. To get these directions, we use the r.watershed module: r.watershed elevation=elev_lid792_1m accumulation=accum drainage=drain_dir The directions are categorical and we convert them to degrees using raster algebra: r.mapcalc "drain_deg = if(drain_dir != 0, 45. * abs(drain_dir), null())" Now we are ready to extract the drainage paths starting at the two points. r.path input=drain_deg raster_path=drain_path vector_path=drain_path start_points=start Before we visualize the result, we set a color table for the elevation we are using and create a shaded relief map: r.colors map=elev_lid792_1m color=elevation r.relief input=elev_lid792_1m output=relief We visualize the input and output data: d.shade shade=relief color=elev_lid792_1m d.vect map=drain_path color=0:0:61 width=4 legend_label="drainage paths" d.vect map=start color=none fill_color=224:0:0 icon=basic/circle size=15 legend_label=origins d.legend.vect -b Figure: Drainage paths from two points where directions from r.watershed were used Least-cost path We compute bitmask encoded movement directions using r.walk: g.region swwake_30m -p # create friction map based on land cover r.recode input=landclass96 output=friction rules=- << EOF 1:3:0.1:0.1 4:5:10.:10. 6:6:1000.0:1000.0 7:7:0.3:0.3 EOF # without Knight’s move r.walk -b elevation=elev_ned_30m friction=friction output=walkcost \ outdir=walkdir start_coordinates=635576,216485 r.path input=walkdir start_coordinates=640206,222795 \ raster_path=walkpath vector_path=walkpath # with Knight’s move r.walk -b -k elevation=elev_ned_30m friction=friction output=walkcost_k \ outdir=walkdir_k start_coordinates=635576,216485 r.path input=walkdir_k start_coordinates=640206,222795 \ raster_path=walkpath_k vector_path=walkpath_k # without Knight’s move and without bitmask encoding (single direction) r.walk elevation=elev_ned_30m friction=friction output=walkcost_s \ outdir=walkdir_s start_coordinates=635576,216485 r.path input=walkdir_s start_coordinates=640206,222795 \ raster_path=walkpath_s vector_path=walkpath_s The extracted least-cost path splits and merges on the way from the start point to the stop point (start point for r.walk). Note the gaps in the raster path when using the Knight’s move. Figure: Comparison of shortest paths using single directions and multiple bitmask encoded directions without and with Knight’s move
SEE ALSO
g.region, r.basins.fill, r.cost, r.fill.dir, r.mapcalc, r.recode, r.terraflow, r.walk, r.watershed
AUTHOR
Markus Metz Multiple path directions sponsored by mundialis
SOURCE CODE
Available at: r.path source code (history) Accessed: Tuesday Jun 27 11:13:03 2023 Main index | Raster index | Topics index | Keywords index | Graphical index | Full index © 2003-2023 GRASS Development Team, GRASS GIS 8.3.0 Reference Manual