Provided by: zephyr-clients_3.1.2-1.1_amd64 
NAME
zwrite - write to another user via Zephyr
SYNOPSIS
zwrite [ -a ] [ -d ] [ -v ] [ -q ] [ -t ] [ -u ] [ -o ] [ -n ] [ -l ] [ -C ] [ -U ] [ -O
opcode ] [ -s signature ] [ -c class ] [ -i instance ] [ -r realm ] [ -f arg ] [ -S sender
] [ user ... ] [ -m message ]
DESCRIPTION
Zwrite sends a message from you to another user through the zephyr(1) notification
service. The user must have subscribed to messages of the appropriate class and instance
using the zctl(1) program.
Zwrite understands the following options.
-a Causes zwrite to send the message authenticated, using Kerberos to perform the
authentication. This is the default.
-d Causes zwrite to send the message unauthenticated.
-v Causes zwrite to print what type of message it is sending, and whether or not
it was successful.
-q Forces zwrite to suppress information about whether or not the message was
sent.
-t Prevents zwrite from expanding tabs in the message into appropriate spaces.
Normally zwrite will expand any tabs it finds into the appropriate number of
spaces to maintain separation based on 8-character tab stops.
-l Causes zwrite to ignore `.' on a line by itself in the input and only end a
typed message when the user types the end-of-file character (usually control-
D). When the input is not a terminal, this is the default action.
-u Sends an urgent message. This changes the zephyr instance of the message to
``URGENT''.
-o Causes zwrite to ignore the Zephyr variables zwrite-class, zwrite-inst, and
zwrite-opcode when picking a default class, instance, and opcode.
-n prevents zwrite from sending a PING message to verify the recipient is
subscribing to messages. By default, zwrite will send a notice to the
destination class, instance, and recipient, with opcode ``PING'' before
sending the message. If the PING is sent, and the server response indicates
there are no recipients subscribed to your message, zwrite exits without
sending a message. When the -n option is used, no PING is sent.
-C prepends a "CC:" line to the body of the message indicating the recipients of
the message. This is strictly a convenience: the presence of a "CC:" line at
the top of a zephyr body does not necessarily indicate that this option was
used, or that the message really was sent to the listed users, and its lack
doesn't indicate that the message was not sent to multiple users.
-U Send an unacked message. zwrite will not wait for acknowledgement that the
message was sent, nor will it issue a PING before sending.
-s signature
sets the signature to be included in the message. This overrides both the
user's name (as found in the password file) and any setting of the Zephyr
variable zwrite-signature. signature must be a single argument, hence when
using a shell it should be quoted with double quotes. A signature argument of
"" leaves the signature in the message empty.
-c class Allows a user to specify a different class for the message. This allows a
message to be sent to a large group of people with some degree of security.
See zephyr(1) and zephyrd(8) for a description of how to restrict access to
classes. When this option is specified, the message is sent to recipient "*"
unless an additional list of recipients is specified.
This argument may not be used in conjunction with the -f option.
-i instance Allows a user to specify a different instance than the default. When this
option is used, the message is sent to recipient "*" unless an additional list
of recipients is specified. This allows a message to be sent to a large group
of people (e.g. a development group) just by having the members subscribe to
messages of class "MESSAGE", the specified instance, and recipient "*".
This argument may not be used in conjunction with the -f option.
-r realm Allows a user to specify a different realm for the message, if the server
supports interrealm Zephyr.
-S sender Specify a sender. The message will be sent unauthenticated.
-F format Allows a user to specify a different default format for the message.
-O opcode Allows a user to specify a different opcode for the message. Some Zephyr
notice display programs may use the opcode to decide how to display a notice.
-f arg Allows a user to specify an argument to be interpreted as a filesystem
specification. The class is set to FILSRV. he instance is set to arg as
modified: If arg contains no colons (`:'), it is assumed to be a host name,
and it is converted into an official host name via gethostbyname(3). If arg
contains a colon, the portion preceding the colon is treated as a host name,
and the colon and any trailing characters are appended to the offical host
name returned by gethostbyname. If the name fails to resolve into an official
host name, the instance is set to arg unmodified.
This option may not be used in conjunction with the -c or -i option.
-m Zwrite sends the remaining arguments on the command line as the message.
If the -m option is not specified, the user is prompted for the message to be sent. The
message may be terminated by typing ^D or ``.'' on a line by itself.
The default class for messages is ``MESSAGE'', the default instance is ``PERSONAL'',
andthe default opcode is ``'' (an empty string). These defaults can be overridden by
setting the Zephyr variables zwrite-class, zwrite-inst, and zwrite-opcode, respectively.
Command-line options can override the defaults.
If the class is ``MESSAGE'' and the instance is either ``PERSONAL'' or ``URGENT'', a
recipient must be specified. These comparisons are case-sensitive.
Unless the -s option is used, the contents of the Zephyr variable zwrite-signature are
used to augment the user's username in the message. If zwrite-signature is not set and
the -s option is not specified, the user's full name (as specified in the password file)
is used instead.
BUGS
Tab expansion should really be done by the receiver of the message.
The -u option is provided for compatibility with old versions of zwrite and is not
necessarily useful for sending messages to users who do not have old subscription files.
SEE ALSO
kerberosintro(1), zctl(1), zephyr(1), zwgc(1), zhm(8), zephyrd(8), gethostbyname(3)
Project Athena Technical Plan Section E.4.1, `Zephyr Notification Service'
FILES
/etc/passwd
$ZEPHYR_VARS or $HOME/.zephyr.vars
AUTHOR
Robert S. French (MIT-Project Athena)
RESTRICTIONS
Copyright (c) 1987,1988 by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. All Rights
Reserved.
zephyr(1) specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution.