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NAME

       statx - get file status (extended)

LIBRARY

       Standard C library (libc, -lc)

SYNOPSIS

       #define _GNU_SOURCE          /* See feature_test_macros(7) */
       #include <fcntl.h>           /* Definition of AT_* constants */
       #include <sys/stat.h>

       int statx(int dirfd, const char *restrict pathname, int flags,
                 unsigned int mask, struct statx *restrict statxbuf);

DESCRIPTION

       This  function  returns  information  about a file, storing it in the buffer pointed to by
       statxbuf.  The returned buffer is a structure of the following type:

           struct statx {
               __u32 stx_mask;        /* Mask of bits indicating
                                         filled fields */
               __u32 stx_blksize;     /* Block size for filesystem I/O */
               __u64 stx_attributes;  /* Extra file attribute indicators */
               __u32 stx_nlink;       /* Number of hard links */
               __u32 stx_uid;         /* User ID of owner */
               __u32 stx_gid;         /* Group ID of owner */
               __u16 stx_mode;        /* File type and mode */
               __u64 stx_ino;         /* Inode number */
               __u64 stx_size;        /* Total size in bytes */
               __u64 stx_blocks;      /* Number of 512B blocks allocated */
               __u64 stx_attributes_mask;
                                      /* Mask to show what's supported
                                         in stx_attributes */

               /* The following fields are file timestamps */
               struct statx_timestamp stx_atime;  /* Last access */
               struct statx_timestamp stx_btime;  /* Creation */
               struct statx_timestamp stx_ctime;  /* Last status change */
               struct statx_timestamp stx_mtime;  /* Last modification */

               /* If this file represents a device, then the next two
                  fields contain the ID of the device */
               __u32 stx_rdev_major;  /* Major ID */
               __u32 stx_rdev_minor;  /* Minor ID */

               /* The next two fields contain the ID of the device
                  containing the filesystem where the file resides */
               __u32 stx_dev_major;   /* Major ID */
               __u32 stx_dev_minor;   /* Minor ID */

               __u64 stx_mnt_id;      /* Mount ID */

               /* Direct I/O alignment restrictions */
               __u32 stx_dio_mem_align;
               __u32 stx_dio_offset_align;
           };

       The file timestamps are structures of the following type:

           struct statx_timestamp {
               __s64 tv_sec;    /* Seconds since the Epoch (UNIX time) */
               __u32 tv_nsec;   /* Nanoseconds since tv_sec */
           };

       (Note that reserved space and padding is omitted.)

   Invoking statx():
       To access a file's status, no permissions are required on the file itself, but in the case
       of  statx()  with  a  pathname,  execute  (search)  permission  is  required on all of the
       directories in pathname that lead to the file.

       statx() uses pathname, dirfd, and flags  to  identify  the  target  file  in  one  of  the
       following ways:

       An absolute pathname
              If  pathname  begins  with a slash, then it is an absolute pathname that identifies
              the target file.  In this case, dirfd is ignored.

       A relative pathname
              If pathname is a string that begins with a character other than a slash  and  dirfd
              is  AT_FDCWD,  then pathname is a relative pathname that is interpreted relative to
              the process's current working directory.

       A directory-relative pathname
              If pathname is a string that begins with a character other than a slash  and  dirfd
              is  a  file  descriptor  that  refers  to  a directory, then pathname is a relative
              pathname that is interpreted relative to the directory referred to by dirfd.   (See
              openat(2) for an explanation of why this is useful.)

       By file descriptor
              If  pathname  is  an  empty string and the AT_EMPTY_PATH flag is specified in flags
              (see below), then the target file is the one referred to  by  the  file  descriptor
              dirfd.

       flags  can be used to influence a pathname-based lookup.  A value for flags is constructed
       by ORing together zero or more of the following constants:

       AT_EMPTY_PATH
              If pathname is an empty string, operate on the file referred to by dirfd (which may
              have  been  obtained using the open(2) O_PATH flag).  In this case, dirfd can refer
              to any type of file, not just a directory.

              If dirfd is AT_FDCWD, the call operates on the current working directory.

       AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT
              Don't automount the  terminal  ("basename")  component  of  pathname  if  it  is  a
              directory  that is an automount point.  This allows the caller to gather attributes
              of an automount point (rather than the location it would mount).  This flag has  no
              effect if the mount point has already been mounted over.

              The  AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT  flag  can  be  used in tools that scan directories to prevent
              mass-automounting of a directory of automount points.

              All of stat(2), lstat(2), and fstatat(2) act as though AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT was set.

       AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW
              If pathname is a symbolic link, do not dereference it: instead  return  information
              about the link itself, like lstat(2).

       flags  can  also  be  used to control what sort of synchronization the kernel will do when
       querying a file on a remote filesystem.  This is done by ORing in  one  of  the  following
       values:

       AT_STATX_SYNC_AS_STAT
              Do  whatever  stat(2)  does.   This  is  the  default  and is very much filesystem-
              specific.

       AT_STATX_FORCE_SYNC
              Force the attributes to be synchronized with the server.  This may require  that  a
              network filesystem perform a data writeback to get the timestamps correct.

       AT_STATX_DONT_SYNC
              Don't  synchronize anything, but rather just take whatever the system has cached if
              possible.  This may mean that the information returned is approximate,  but,  on  a
              network  filesystem,  it  may  not  involve a round trip to the server - even if no
              lease is held.

       The mask argument to statx() is used to  tell  the  kernel  which  fields  the  caller  is
       interested in.  mask is an ORed combination of the following constants:

           STATX_TYPE          Want stx_mode & S_IFMT
           STATX_MODE          Want stx_mode & ~S_IFMT
           STATX_NLINK         Want stx_nlink
           STATX_UID           Want stx_uid
           STATX_GID           Want stx_gid
           STATX_ATIME         Want stx_atime
           STATX_MTIME         Want stx_mtime
           STATX_CTIME         Want stx_ctime
           STATX_INO           Want stx_ino
           STATX_SIZE          Want stx_size
           STATX_BLOCKS        Want stx_blocks
           STATX_BASIC_STATS   [All of the above]
           STATX_BTIME         Want stx_btime
           STATX_ALL           The same as STATX_BASIC_STATS | STATX_BTIME.
                               It is deprecated and should not be used.
           STATX_MNT_ID        Want stx_mnt_id (since Linux 5.8)
           STATX_DIOALIGN      Want stx_dio_mem_align and stx_dio_offset_align
                               (since Linux 6.1; support varies by filesystem)

       Note  that,  in  general,  the kernel does not reject values in mask other than the above.
       (For an exception, see EINVAL in errors.)  Instead, it simply  informs  the  caller  which
       values  are  supported  by  this  kernel  and  filesystem  via  the  statx.stx_mask field.
       Therefore, do not simply set mask to UINT_MAX (all bits set), as one or more bits may,  in
       the future, be used to specify an extension to the buffer.

   The returned information
       The  status  information for the target file is returned in the statx structure pointed to
       by statxbuf.  Included in this is stx_mask which indicates what other information has been
       returned.   stx_mask  has  the  same format as the mask argument and bits are set in it to
       indicate which fields have been filled in.

       It should be noted that the kernel may return fields that weren't requested and  may  fail
       to  return  fields that were requested, depending on what the backing filesystem supports.
       (Fields that are given values despite being unrequested can just be ignored.)   In  either
       case, stx_mask will not be equal mask.

       If  a  filesystem  does  not  support  a  field or if it has an unrepresentable value (for
       instance, a file with an exotic type), then the mask bit corresponding to that field  will
       be  cleared  in stx_mask even if the user asked for it and a dummy value will be filled in
       for compatibility purposes if one is available (e.g., a dummy UID and GID may be specified
       to mount under some circumstances).

       A  filesystem  may also fill in fields that the caller didn't ask for if it has values for
       them available and the information is available at no extra cost.  If  this  happens,  the
       corresponding bits will be set in stx_mask.

       Note:  for performance and simplicity reasons, different fields in the statx structure may
       contain state information from different moments during the execution of the system  call.
       For  example,  if stx_mode or stx_uid is changed by another process by calling chmod(2) or
       chown(2), stat() might return the old stx_mode together with the new stx_uid, or  the  old
       stx_uid together with the new stx_mode.

       Apart from stx_mask (which is described above), the fields in the statx structure are:

       stx_blksize
              The  "preferred"  block  size  for efficient filesystem I/O.  (Writing to a file in
              smaller chunks may cause an inefficient read-modify-rewrite.)

       stx_attributes
              Further status information about the file (see below for more information).

       stx_nlink
              The number of hard links on a file.

       stx_uid
              This field contains the user ID of the owner of the file.

       stx_gid
              This field contains the ID of the group owner of the file.

       stx_mode
              The file type and mode.  See inode(7) for details.

       stx_ino
              The inode number of the file.

       stx_size
              The size of the file (if it is a regular file or a symbolic link)  in  bytes.   The
              size  of  a  symbolic  link  is  the  length of the pathname it contains, without a
              terminating null byte.

       stx_blocks
              The number of blocks allocated to the file on the medium, in 512-byte units.  (This
              may be smaller than stx_size/512 when the file has holes.)

       stx_attributes_mask
              A  mask  indicating  which  bits in stx_attributes are supported by the VFS and the
              filesystem.

       stx_atime
              The file's last access timestamp.

       stx_btime
              The file's creation timestamp.

       stx_ctime
              The file's last status change timestamp.

       stx_mtime
              The file's last modification timestamp.

       stx_dev_major and stx_dev_minor
              The device on which this file (inode) resides.

       stx_rdev_major and stx_rdev_minor
              The device that this file (inode) represents if the file is of block  or  character
              device type.

       stx_mnt_id
              The mount ID of the mount containing the file.  This is the same number reported by
              name_to_handle_at(2) and corresponds to the number in the first field in one of the
              records in /proc/self/mountinfo.

       stx_dio_mem_align
              The alignment (in bytes) required for user memory buffers for direct I/O (O_DIRECT)
              on this file, or 0 if direct I/O is not supported on this file.

              STATX_DIOALIGN (stx_dio_mem_align and stx_dio_offset_align) is supported  on  block
              devices  since Linux 6.1.  The support on regular files varies by filesystem; it is
              supported by ext4, f2fs, and xfs since Linux 6.1.

       stx_dio_offset_align
              The alignment (in bytes) required for file offsets  and  I/O  segment  lengths  for
              direct  I/O  (O_DIRECT)  on  this file, or 0 if direct I/O is not supported on this
              file.  This will only be nonzero if stx_dio_mem_align is nonzero, and vice versa.

       For further information on the above fields, see inode(7).

   File attributes
       The stx_attributes field contains a set of ORed flags that indicate additional  attributes
       of   the   file.   Note  that  any  attribute  that  is  not  indicated  as  supported  by
       stx_attributes_mask has no usable value here.  The bits in stx_attributes_mask  correspond
       bit-by-bit to stx_attributes.

       The flags are as follows:

       STATX_ATTR_COMPRESSED
              The file is compressed by the filesystem and may take extra resources to access.

       STATX_ATTR_IMMUTABLE
              The  file cannot be modified: it cannot be deleted or renamed, no hard links can be
              created to this file and no data can be written to it.  See chattr(1).

       STATX_ATTR_APPEND
              The file can only be opened in append mode for writing.  Random access  writing  is
              not permitted.  See chattr(1).

       STATX_ATTR_NODUMP
              File  is  not  a candidate for backup when a backup program such as dump(8) is run.
              See chattr(1).

       STATX_ATTR_ENCRYPTED
              A key is required for the file to be encrypted by the filesystem.

       STATX_ATTR_VERITY (since Linux 5.5)
              The file has fs-verity enabled.  It cannot be written to, and  all  reads  from  it
              will  be  verified  against a cryptographic hash that covers the entire file (e.g.,
              via a Merkle tree).

       STATX_ATTR_DAX (since Linux 5.8)
              The file is in the DAX (cpu direct access) state.  DAX state attempts  to  minimize
              software  cache effects for both I/O and memory mappings of this file.  It requires
              a file system which has been configured to support DAX.

              DAX generally assumes all accesses are via CPU load / store instructions which  can
              minimize  overhead for small accesses, but may adversely affect CPU utilization for
              large transfers.

              File I/O is done directly to/from user-space buffers and memory mapped I/O  may  be
              performed with direct memory mappings that bypass the kernel page cache.

              While  the DAX property tends to result in data being transferred synchronously, it
              does not give the same guarantees as the O_SYNC flag (see open(2)), where data  and
              the necessary metadata are transferred together.

              A DAX file may support being mapped with the MAP_SYNC flag, which enables a program
              to use CPU cache flush instructions to persist  CPU  store  operations  without  an
              explicit fsync(2).  See mmap(2) for more information.

RETURN VALUE

       On  success, zero is returned.  On error, -1 is returned, and errno is set to indicate the
       error.

ERRORS

       EACCES Search permission is denied for one of  the  directories  in  the  path  prefix  of
              pathname.  (See also path_resolution(7).)

       EBADF  pathname is relative but dirfd is neither AT_FDCWD nor a valid file descriptor.

       EFAULT pathname  or  statxbuf  is  NULL  or  points  to  a  location outside the process's
              accessible address space.

       EINVAL Invalid flag specified in flags.

       EINVAL Reserved flag specified in mask.  (Currently, there is one such flag, designated by
              the constant STATX__RESERVED, with the value 0x80000000U.)

       ELOOP  Too many symbolic links encountered while traversing the pathname.

       ENAMETOOLONG
              pathname is too long.

       ENOENT A  component  of  pathname  does  not  exist,  or  pathname  is an empty string and
              AT_EMPTY_PATH was not specified in flags.

       ENOMEM Out of memory (i.e., kernel memory).

       ENOTDIR
              A component of the path prefix of pathname  is  not  a  directory  or  pathname  is
              relative and dirfd is a file descriptor referring to a file other than a directory.

VERSIONS

       statx() was added in Linux 4.11; library support was added in glibc 2.28.

STANDARDS

       statx() is Linux-specific.

SEE ALSO

       ls(1), stat(1), access(2), chmod(2), chown(2), name_to_handle_at(2), readlink(2), stat(2),
       utime(2), proc(5), capabilities(7), inode(7), symlink(7)