NAME

       Net::FTP - FTP Client class

SYNOPSIS

           use Net::FTP;

           $ftp = Net::FTP->new("some.host.name", Debug => 0)
             or die "Cannot connect to some.host.name: $@";

           $ftp->login("anonymous",'-anonymous@')
             or die "Cannot login ", $ftp->message;

           $ftp->cwd("/pub")
             or die "Cannot change working directory ", $ftp->message;

           $ftp->get("that.file")
             or die "get failed ", $ftp->message;

           $ftp->quit;

DESCRIPTION

       "Net::FTP" is a class implementing a simple FTP client in Perl as described in RFC959.  It
       provides wrappers for the commonly used subset of the RFC959 commands.  If IO::Socket::IP
       or IO::Socket::INET6 is installed it also provides support for IPv6 as defined in RFC2428.
       And with IO::Socket::SSL installed it provides support for implicit FTPS and explicit FTPS
       as defined in RFC4217.

       The Net::FTP class is a subclass of Net::Cmd and (depending on avaibility) of
       IO::Socket::IP, IO::Socket::INET6 or IO::Socket::INET.

   Overview
       FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol.  It is a way of transferring files between
       networked machines.  The protocol defines a client (whose commands are provided by this
       module) and a server (not implemented in this module).  Communication is always initiated
       by the client, and the server responds with a message and a status code (and sometimes
       with data).

       The FTP protocol allows files to be sent to or fetched from the server.  Each transfer
       involves a local file (on the client) and a remote file (on the server).  In this module,
       the same file name will be used for both local and remote if only one is specified.  This
       means that transferring remote file "/path/to/file" will try to put that file in
       "/path/to/file" locally, unless you specify a local file name.

       The protocol also defines several standard translations which the file can undergo during
       transfer.  These are ASCII, EBCDIC, binary, and byte.  ASCII is the default type, and
       indicates that the sender of files will translate the ends of lines to a standard
       representation which the receiver will then translate back into their local
       representation.  EBCDIC indicates the file being transferred is in EBCDIC format.  Binary
       (also known as image) format sends the data as a contiguous bit stream.  Byte format
       transfers the data as bytes, the values of which remain the same regardless of differences
       in byte size between the two machines (in theory - in practice you should only use this if
       you really know what you're doing).  This class does not support the EBCDIC or byte
       formats, and will default to binary instead if they are attempted.

   Class Methods
       "new([$host][, %options])"
           This is the constructor for a new Net::FTP object. $host is the name of the remote
           host to which an FTP connection is required.

           $host is optional. If $host is not given then it may instead be passed as the "Host"
           option described below.

           %options are passed in a hash like fashion, using key and value pairs.  Possible
           options are:

           Host - FTP host to connect to. It may be a single scalar, as defined for the
           "PeerAddr" option in IO::Socket::INET, or a reference to an array with hosts to try in
           turn. The "host" method will return the value which was used to connect to the host.

           Firewall - The name of a machine which acts as an FTP firewall. This can be overridden
           by an environment variable "FTP_FIREWALL". If specified, and the given host cannot be
           directly connected to, then the connection is made to the firewall machine and the
           string @hostname is appended to the login identifier. This kind of setup is also
           referred to as an ftp proxy.

           FirewallType - The type of firewall running on the machine indicated by Firewall. This
           can be overridden by an environment variable "FTP_FIREWALL_TYPE". For a list of
           permissible types, see the description of ftp_firewall_type in Net::Config.

           BlockSize - This is the block size that Net::FTP will use when doing transfers.
           (defaults to 10240)

           Port - The port number to connect to on the remote machine for the FTP connection

           SSL - If the connection should be done from start with SSL, contrary to later upgrade
           with "starttls".

           SSL_* - SSL arguments which will be applied when upgrading the control or data
           connection to SSL. You can use SSL arguments as documented in IO::Socket::SSL, but it
           will usually use the right arguments already.

           Timeout - Set a timeout value in seconds (defaults to 120)

           Debug - debug level (see the debug method in Net::Cmd)

           Passive - If set to a non-zero value then all data transfers will be done using
           passive mode. If set to zero then data transfers will be done using active mode.  If
           the machine is connected to the Internet directly, both passive and active mode should
           work equally well.  Behind most firewall and NAT configurations passive mode has a
           better chance of working.  However, in some rare firewall configurations, active mode
           actually works when passive mode doesn't.  Some really old FTP servers might not
           implement passive transfers.  If not specified, then the transfer mode is set by the
           environment variable "FTP_PASSIVE" or if that one is not set by the settings done by
           the libnetcfg utility.  If none of these apply then passive mode is used.

           Hash - If given a reference to a file handle (e.g., "\*STDERR"), print hash marks (#)
           on that filehandle every 1024 bytes.  This simply invokes the "hash()" method for you,
           so that hash marks are displayed for all transfers.  You can, of course, call "hash()"
           explicitly whenever you'd like.

           LocalAddr - Local address to use for all socket connections. This argument will be
           passed to the super class, i.e. IO::Socket::INET or IO::Socket::IP.

           Domain - Domain to use, i.e. AF_INET or AF_INET6. This argument will be passed to the
           IO::Socket super class.  This can be used to enforce IPv4 even with IO::Socket::IP
           which would default to IPv6.  Family is accepted as alternative name for Domain.

           If the constructor fails undef will be returned and an error message will be in $@

   Object Methods
       Unless otherwise stated all methods return either a true or false value, with true meaning
       that the operation was a success. When a method states that it returns a value, failure
       will be returned as undef or an empty list.

       "Net::FTP" inherits from "Net::Cmd" so methods defined in "Net::Cmd" may be used to send
       commands to the remote FTP server in addition to the methods documented here.

       "login([$login[, $password[, $account]]])"
           Log into the remote FTP server with the given login information. If no arguments are
           given then the "Net::FTP" uses the "Net::Netrc" package to lookup the login
           information for the connected host.  If no information is found then a login of
           anonymous is used.  If no password is given and the login is anonymous then anonymous@
           will be used for password.

           If the connection is via a firewall then the "authorize" method will be called with no
           arguments.

       "starttls()"
           Upgrade existing plain connection to SSL.  The SSL arguments have to be given in "new"
           already because they are needed for data connections too.

       "stoptls()"
           Downgrade existing SSL connection back to plain.  This is needed to work with some FTP
           helpers at firewalls, which need to see the PORT and PASV commands and responses to
           dynamically open the necessary ports.  In this case "starttls" is usually only done to
           protect the authorization.

       "prot($level)"
           Set what type of data channel protection the client and server will be using.  Only
           $levels "C" (clear) and "P" (private) are supported.

       "host()"
           Returns the value used by the constructor, and passed to the IO::Socket super class to
           connect to the host.

       "account($acct)"
           Set a string identifying the user's account.

       "authorize([$auth[, $resp]])"
           This is a protocol used by some firewall ftp proxies. It is used to authorise the user
           to send data out.  If both arguments are not specified then "authorize" uses
           "Net::Netrc" to do a lookup.

       "site($args)"
           Send a SITE command to the remote server and wait for a response.

           Returns most significant digit of the response code.

       "ascii()"
           Transfer file in ASCII. CRLF translation will be done if required

       "binary()"
           Transfer file in binary mode. No transformation will be done.

           Hint: If both server and client machines use the same line ending for text files, then
           it will be faster to transfer all files in binary mode.

       "type([$type])"
           Set or get if files will be transferred in ASCII or binary mode.

       "rename($oldname, $newname)"
           Rename a file on the remote FTP server from $oldname to $newname. This is done by
           sending the RNFR and RNTO commands.

       "delete($filename)"
           Send a request to the server to delete $filename.

       "cwd([$dir])"
           Attempt to change directory to the directory given in $dir.  If $dir is "..", the FTP
           "CDUP" command is used to attempt to move up one directory. If no directory is given
           then an attempt is made to change the directory to the root directory.

       "cdup()"
           Change directory to the parent of the current directory.

       "passive([$passive])"
           Set or get if data connections will be initiated in passive mode.

       "pwd()"
           Returns the full pathname of the current directory.

       "restart($where)"
           Set the byte offset at which to begin the next data transfer. Net::FTP simply records
           this value and uses it when during the next data transfer. For this reason this method
           will not return an error, but setting it may cause a subsequent data transfer to fail.

       "rmdir($dir[, $recurse])"
           Remove the directory with the name $dir. If $recurse is true then "rmdir" will attempt
           to delete everything inside the directory.

       "mkdir($dir[, $recurse])"
           Create a new directory with the name $dir. If $recurse is true then "mkdir" will
           attempt to create all the directories in the given path.

           Returns the full pathname to the new directory.

       "alloc($size[, $record_size])"
           The alloc command allows you to give the ftp server a hint about the size of the file
           about to be transferred using the ALLO ftp command. Some storage systems use this to
           make intelligent decisions about how to store the file.  The $size argument represents
           the size of the file in bytes. The $record_size argument indicates a maximum record or
           page size for files sent with a record or page structure.

           The size of the file will be determined, and sent to the server automatically for
           normal files so that this method need only be called if you are transferring data from
           a socket, named pipe, or other stream not associated with a normal file.

       "ls([$dir])"
           Get a directory listing of $dir, or the current directory.

           In an array context, returns a list of lines returned from the server. In a scalar
           context, returns a reference to a list.

       "dir([$dir])"
           Get a directory listing of $dir, or the current directory in long format.

           In an array context, returns a list of lines returned from the server. In a scalar
           context, returns a reference to a list.

       "get($remote_file[, $local_file[, $where]])"
           Get $remote_file from the server and store locally. $local_file may be a filename or a
           filehandle. If not specified, the file will be stored in the current directory with
           the same leafname as the remote file.

           If $where is given then the first $where bytes of the file will not be transferred,
           and the remaining bytes will be appended to the local file if it already exists.

           Returns $local_file, or the generated local file name if $local_file is not given. If
           an error was encountered undef is returned.

       "put($local_file[, $remote_file])"
           Put a file on the remote server. $local_file may be a name or a filehandle.  If
           $local_file is a filehandle then $remote_file must be specified. If $remote_file is
           not specified then the file will be stored in the current directory with the same
           leafname as $local_file.

           Returns $remote_file, or the generated remote filename if $remote_file is not given.

           NOTE: If for some reason the transfer does not complete and an error is returned then
           the contents that had been transferred will not be remove automatically.

       "put_unique($local_file[, $remote_file])"
           Same as put but uses the "STOU" command.

           Returns the name of the file on the server.

       "append($local_file[, $remote_file])"
           Same as put but appends to the file on the remote server.

           Returns $remote_file, or the generated remote filename if $remote_file is not given.

       "unique_name()"
           Returns the name of the last file stored on the server using the "STOU" command.

       "mdtm($file)"
           Returns the modification time of the given file

       "size($file)"
           Returns the size in bytes for the given file as stored on the remote server.

           NOTE: The size reported is the size of the stored file on the remote server.  If the
           file is subsequently transferred from the server in ASCII mode and the remote server
           and local machine have different ideas about "End Of Line" then the size of file on
           the local machine after transfer may be different.

       "supported($cmd)"
           Returns TRUE if the remote server supports the given command.

       "hash([$filehandle_glob_ref[, $bytes_per_hash_mark]])"
           Called without parameters, or with the first argument false, hash marks are
           suppressed.  If the first argument is true but not a reference to a file handle glob,
           then \*STDERR is used.  The second argument is the number of bytes per hash mark
           printed, and defaults to 1024.  In all cases the return value is a reference to an
           array of two:  the filehandle glob reference and the bytes per hash mark.

       "feature($name)"
           Determine if the server supports the specified feature. The return value is a list of
           lines the server responded with to describe the options that it supports for the given
           feature. If the feature is unsupported then the empty list is returned.

             if ($ftp->feature( 'MDTM' )) {
               # Do something
             }

             if (grep { /\bTLS\b/ } $ftp->feature('AUTH')) {
               # Server supports TLS
             }

       The following methods can return different results depending on how they are called. If
       the user explicitly calls either of the "pasv" or "port" methods then these methods will
       return a true or false value. If the user does not call either of these methods then the
       result will be a reference to a "Net::FTP::dataconn" based object.

       "nlst([$dir])"
           Send an "NLST" command to the server, with an optional parameter.

       "list([$dir])"
           Same as "nlst" but using the "LIST" command

       "retr($file)"
           Begin the retrieval of a file called $file from the remote server.

       "stor($file)"
           Tell the server that you wish to store a file. $file is the name of the new file that
           should be created.

       "stou($file)"
           Same as "stor" but using the "STOU" command. The name of the unique file which was
           created on the server will be available via the "unique_name" method after the data
           connection has been closed.

       "appe($file)"
           Tell the server that we want to append some data to the end of a file called $file. If
           this file does not exist then create it.

       If for some reason you want to have complete control over the data connection, this
       includes generating it and calling the "response" method when required, then the user can
       use these methods to do so.

       However calling these methods only affects the use of the methods above that can return a
       data connection. They have no effect on methods "get", "put", "put_unique" and those that
       do not require data connections.

       "port([$port])"
       "eprt([$port])"
           Send a "PORT" (IPv4) or "EPRT" (IPv6) command to the server. If $port is specified
           then it is sent to the server. If not, then a listen socket is created and the correct
           information sent to the server.

       "pasv()"
       "epsv()"
           Tell the server to go into passive mode ("pasv" for IPv4, "epsv" for IPv6).  Returns
           the text that represents the port on which the server is listening, this text is in a
           suitable form to send to another ftp server using the "port" or "eprt" method.

       The following methods can be used to transfer files between two remote servers, providing
       that these two servers can connect directly to each other.

       "pasv_xfer($src_file, $dest_server[, $dest_file ])"
           This method will do a file transfer between two remote ftp servers. If $dest_file is
           omitted then the leaf name of $src_file will be used.

       "pasv_xfer_unique($src_file, $dest_server[, $dest_file ])"
           Like "pasv_xfer" but the file is stored on the remote server using the STOU command.

       "pasv_wait($non_pasv_server)"
           This method can be used to wait for a transfer to complete between a passive server
           and a non-passive server. The method should be called on the passive server with the
           "Net::FTP" object for the non-passive server passed as an argument.

       "abort()"
           Abort the current data transfer.

       "quit()"
           Send the QUIT command to the remote FTP server and close the socket connection.

   Methods for the Adventurous
       "quot($cmd[, $args])"
           Send a command, that Net::FTP does not directly support, to the remote server and wait
           for a response.

           Returns most significant digit of the response code.

           WARNING This call should only be used on commands that do not require data
           connections. Misuse of this method can hang the connection.

       "can_inet6()"
           Returns whether we can use IPv6.

       "can_ssl()"
           Returns whether we can use SSL.

   The dataconn Class
       Some of the methods defined in "Net::FTP" return an object which will be derived from the
       "Net::FTP::dataconn" class. See Net::FTP::dataconn for more details.

   Unimplemented
       The following RFC959 commands have not been implemented:

       "SMNT"
           Mount a different file system structure without changing login or accounting
           information.

       "HELP"
           Ask the server for "helpful information" (that's what the RFC says) on the commands it
           accepts.

       "MODE"
           Specifies transfer mode (stream, block or compressed) for file to be transferred.

       "SYST"
           Request remote server system identification.

       "STAT"
           Request remote server status.

       "STRU"
           Specifies file structure for file to be transferred.

       "REIN"
           Reinitialize the connection, flushing all I/O and account information.

EXAMPLES

       For an example of the use of Net::FTP see

       <https://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/>
           "autoftp" is a program that can retrieve, send, or list files via the FTP protocol in
           a non-interactive manner.

EXPORTS

       None.

KNOWN BUGS

       See <https://rt.cpan.org/Dist/Display.html?Status=Active&Queue=libnet>.

   Reporting Bugs
       When reporting bugs/problems please include as much information as possible.  It may be
       difficult for me to reproduce the problem as almost every setup is different.

       A small script which yields the problem will probably be of help. It would also be useful
       if this script was run with the extra options "Debug => 1" passed to the constructor, and
       the output sent with the bug report. If you cannot include a small script then please
       include a Debug trace from a run of your program which does yield the problem.

SEE ALSO

       Net::Netrc, Net::Cmd, IO::Socket::SSL;

       ftp(1), ftpd(8);

       <https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc959.txt>, <https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2428.txt>,
       <https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4217.txt>.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

       Henry Gabryjelski <henryg@WPI.EDU <mailto:henryg@WPI.EDU>> - for the suggestion of
       creating directories recursively.

       Nathan Torkington <gnat@frii.com <mailto:gnat@frii.com>> - for some input on the
       documentation.

       Roderick Schertler <roderick@gate.net <mailto:roderick@gate.net>> - for various inputs

AUTHOR

       Graham Barr <gbarr@pobox.com <mailto:gbarr@pobox.com>>.

       Steve Hay <shay@cpan.org <mailto:shay@cpan.org>> is now maintaining libnet as of version
       1.22_02.

COPYRIGHT

       Copyright (C) 1995-2004 Graham Barr.  All rights reserved.

       Copyright (C) 2013-2017, 2020 Steve Hay.  All rights reserved.

LICENCE

       This module is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same
       terms as Perl itself, i.e. under the terms of either the GNU General Public License or the
       Artistic License, as specified in the LICENCE file.

VERSION

       Version 3.14

DATE

       23 Dec 2020

HISTORY

       See the Changes file.