Provided by: libparse-fixedlength-perl_5.39-3_all 
NAME
Parse::FixedLength - parse an ascii string containing fixed length fields into component
parts
SYNOPSIS
use Parse::FixedLength qw(subclassed parsers);
$parser = Parse::FixedLength->new(\@format);
$parser = Parse::FixedLength->new(\@format, \%parameters);
$parser = Parse::FixedLength->new($format);
$parser = Parse::FixedLength->new($format, \%parameters);
$hash_ref = $parser->parse($data);
$data = $parser->pack($hash_ref);
$converter = $parser1->converter($parser2);
$converter = $parser1->converter($parser2, \%mappings);
$converter = $parser1->converter($parser2, \@mappings);
$converter = $parser1->converter($parser2, \%mappings, \%defaults);
$converter = $parser1->converter($parser2, \@maps, \%dflts, \%parms);
$data_out = $converter->convert($data_in);
DESCRIPTION
The "Parse::FixedLength" module facilitates the process of breaking a string into its
fixed-length components. Sure, it's a glorified (and in some ways more limited) substitute
for the perl functions pack and unpack, but it's my belief that this module helps in the
maintainability of working with fixed length formats as the number of fields in a format
grows.
PARSING METHODS
new()
$parser = Parse::FixedLength->new(\@format)
$parser = Parse::FixedLength->new(\@format, \%parameters)
$parser = Parse::FixedLength->new($format)
$parser = Parse::FixedLength->new($format, \%parameters)
If the format argument is a string, then new will attempt to return the result of calling
the new method for "Parse::FixedLength::$format". You can include the '$format' in the
import list of the 'use Parse::FixedLength' statement if you want to require the format at
compile time (See EXAMPLES).
You can use ':all' as an argument in the import list, e.g., 'use Parse::Length qw(:all)',
to require all available Parse::FixedLength::* modules, but obviously you can't use ':all'
as a format argument in new().
Otherwise the format must be an array reference of field names and lengths as either
alternating elements, or delimited args in the same field, e.g.:
my $parser = Parse::FixedLength->new([
first_name => 10,
last_name => 10,
address => 20,
]);
or:
my $parser = Parse::FixedLength->new([qw(
first_name:10
last_name:10
address:20
)]);
If the first format is chosen, then no delimiter characters may appear in the field names
(see delim option below).
To right justify a field (during the 'pack' method), an "R" may be appended to the length
of the field followed by (optionally) the character to pad the string with (if no
character follows the "R", then a space is assumed). This is somewhat inefficient, so its
only recommended if actually necessary to preserve the format during operations such as
math or converting format lengths. If its not needed but you'd like to specify it anyway
for documentation purposes, you can use the no_justify option below. Also, it does change
the data in the hash ref argument.
New (and barely tested): The length of the field may also be any valid format string for
the perl functions pack/unpack which would return a single element. E.g., this is valid:
my $parser = Parse::FixedLength->new([qw(
first_name:10:1:10
last_name:10:11:20
address:20:21:40
flags:B16:41:42
)]);
But this is not valid since 'flags' would return 2 elements:
my $parser = Parse::FixedLength->new([qw(
first_name:10:1:10
last_name:10:11:20
address:20:21:40
flags:C2:41:42
)]);
If a format without a known fixed length is used, then the length method, and start and
end positions in the format should not be used.
The optional second argument to new is a hash ref which may contain any of the following
keys:
delim
The delimiter used to separate the name and length in the format array. If another
delimiter follows the length then the next two fields are assumed to be start and end
position, and after that any 'extra' fields are ignored. The package variable DELIM
may also be used. (default: ":")
href
A hash reference to parse the data into. Also, if no argument is passed to the pack
method, the default hash reference used to pack the data into a fixed length string.
no_bless
Do not bless the hash ref returned from the parse method into a Hash-As-Object
package. (default: false)
all_lengths
This option ignores any lengths supplied in the format argument (or allows having no
length args in the format), and sets the lengths for all the fields to this value. As
well as the obvious case where all formats are the same length, this can help
facilitate converting from a non-fixed length format (where you just have field names)
to a fixed-length format. (default: false)
autonum
This option controls the behavior of new() when duplicate field names are found. By
default a fatal error will be generated if duplicate field names are found. If you
have, e.g., some unused filler fields, then as the value to this option, you can
either supply an arrayref containing valid duplicate names or a simple true value to
accept all duplicate values. If there is more than one duplicate field, then when
parsed, they will be renamed '<name>_1', '<name>_2', etc. (default: false)
spaces
If true, preserve trailing spaces during parse. (default: false)
no_justify
If true, ignore the "R" format option during pack. (default: false)
no_validate
By default, if two fields exist after the length argument in the format (delimited by
whatever delimiter is set), then they are assumed to be the start and end position
(starting at 1), of the field, and these fields are validated to be correct, and a
fatal error will be generated if they are not correct. If this option is true, then
the start and end are not validated. (default: false)
trim
If true, trim leading pad characters from fields during parse. (default: false)
debug
If true, print field names and values during parsing and packing (as a quick format
validation check). The package variable DEBUG may also be used. If a non-reference
argument is given, output is sent to STDOUT, otherwise we assume we have a filehandle
open for writing. (default: false)
parse()
$hash_ref = $parser->parse($string)
@ary = $parser->parse($string)
This method takes a string and returns a hash reference of field names and values if
called in scalar context, or just a list of the values if called in list context. The hash
reference returned is an object, so you can either get/set values the normal way:
$href->{key} = "value";
print "$href->{key}\n";
or you can use methods:
$href->key = "value";
print $href->key,"\n";
For efficiency, the same hash reference is returned on each parse. If this is not
acceptable, look into "parse_newref" or "parse_hash". See CAVEATS.
parse_hash()
%hash = $parser->parse_hash($string)
Same as parse, but returns a hash array instead of a hash reference.
parse_newref()
$hash_ref = $parser->parse_newref($string)
Same as parse, but returns a different hash reference on every call, and the reference
returned is not an object, just a plain old hashref.
pack()
$data = $parser->pack(\%data_to_pack);
This method takes a hash reference of field names and values and returns a fixed length
format output string.
If no argument is passed, then the hash reference used in the href option of the
constructor is used.
hash_to_obj()
Parse::FixedLength->hash_to_obj($href);
$parser->hash_to_obj($href);
This turns a hash reference into an object where the keys of the hash can be used as
methods for accessing or setting the values of the hash. This turns the hash into a semi-
secure hash which is a sort of combination of Hash::AsObject and Tie::SecureHash in that
no new keys will be added to the hash if only methods are used to access the hash. Hashes
with the same set of keys are blessed into the same package, so adding keys to one hash
may affect the methods allowed on another hash.
trim()
$parser->trim(@data);
$parser->trim(\%data);
This method trims leading pad characters from the data. It is the method implicitly called
during the parse method when the 'trim' option is set in new(). The data passed is
modified, so there is no return value.
names()
$ary_ref = $parser->names;
Return an ordered arrayref of the field names.
format_str()
$fmt_str = $parser->format_str;
Return the format string used for unpacking.
length()
$tot_length = $parser->length;
$field_length = $parser->length($name);
Returns the total length of all the fields, or of just one field name. E.g.:
# If there are no line feeds
while (read FH, $data, $parser->length) {
$parser->parse($data);
...
}
dumper()
$parser->dumper($pos_as_comments);
Returns the parser's format layout information in a format suitable for cutting and
pasting into the format array argument of a Parse::FixedFormat->new() call, and includes
the start and end positions of all the fields (starting with position 1). If a true
argument is supplied then it will include the start and ending positions as comments.
E.g.:
# Assume the parser is from the ones defined in the new() example:
print $parser->dumper(1);
produces for first example:
first_name => 10, # 1-10
last_name => 10, # 11-20
address => 20, # 21-40
or for the second example:
print $parser->dumper;
first_name:10:1:10
last_name:10:11:20
address:20:21:40
converter()
$converter = $parser1->converter($parser2, \@maps, \%dflts, \%parms);
Returns a format converting object. $parser1 is the parsing object to convert from,
$parser2 is the parsing object to convert to.
By default, common field names will be mapped from one format to the other. Fields with
different names can be mapped from the first format to the other (or you can override the
default) using the second argument. The keys are the source field names and the
corresponding values are the target field names. This argument can be a hash ref or an
array ref since you may want to map one source field to more than one target field.
Defaults for any field in the target format can be supplied using the third argument,
where the keys are the field names of the target format, and the value can be a scalar
constant, or a subroutine reference where the first argument is simply the mapped value
(or the empty string if there was no mapping), and the second argument is the entire hash
reference that results from parsing the data with the 'from' parser object. E.g. if you
were mapping from a separate 'zip' and 'plus_4' field to a 'zip_plus_4' field, you could
map 'zip' to 'zip_plus_4' and then supply as one of the key/value pairs in the 'defaults'
hash ref the following:
zip_plus_4 => sub { shift() . $_[0]{plus_4} }
The fourth argument is an optional hash ref may which may contain the following:
no_pack
If true, the convert() method will return a hash reference instead of packing the data
into an ascii string (Default: false).
convert()
$data_out = $converter->convert($data_in);
$data_out = $converter->convert($data_in, $no_pack);
$data_out = $converter->convert(\%hash);
$data_out = $converter->convert(\%hash, $no_pack);
Converts a string or a hash reference from one fixed length format to another. If a
second argument is supplied, it will override the converter's no_pack option setting.
EXAMPLES
use Parse::FixedLength;
# Include start and end position for extra check
# of format integrity
my $parser = Parse::FixedLength->new([
first_name => '10:1:10',
last_name => '10:11:20',
widgets_this_month => '5R0:21:25',
]);
# Do a simple name casing of names
# and print widgets projected for the year for each person
while (<DATA>) {
warn "No record terminator found!\n" unless chomp;
warn "Short Record!\n" unless $parser->length == length;
my $data = $parser->parse($_);
# See Lingua::EN::NameCase for a real attempt at name casing
s/(\w+)/\u\L$1/g for @$data{qw(first_name last_name)};
$data->{widgets_this_month} *= 12;
print $parser->pack($data), "\n";
}
__DATA__
BOB JONES 00024
JOHN SMITH 00005
JANE DOE 00007
Another way if we're converting formats:
my $parser1 = Parse::FixedLength->new([
first_name => 10,
last_name => 10,
widgets_this_month => '5R0',
]);
my $parser2 = Parse::FixedLength->new([qw(
seq_id:10
first_name:10
last_name:10
country:3
widgets_this_year:10R0
)]);
my $converter = $parser1->converter($parser2, {
widgets_this_month => "widgets_this_year",
},{
seq_id => do { my $cnt = '0' x $parser2->length('seq_id');
sub { ++$cnt };
},
widgets_this_year => sub { 12 * shift },
country => 'USA',
});
while (<DATA>) {
warn "No record terminator found!\n" unless chomp;
warn "Short Record!\n" unless $parser1->length == length;
print $converter->convert($_), "\n";
}
Subclassing Example
# Must be installed as Parse/FixedLength/DrugCo100.pm
# somewhere in @INC path.
package Parse::FixedLength::DrugCo100;
use Parse::FixedLength;
our @ISA = qw(Parse::FixedLength);
sub new {
my $proto = shift;
my $class = ref($proto) || $proto;
$flags = shift || {};
die "Options arg not a hash ref"
unless UNIVERSAL::isa($flags,'HASH');
$$flags{autonum} = ['filler'];
bless $class->SUPER::new([qw(
stuff:40
filler:10
more_stuff:40
filler:10
)], $flags), $class;
}
Then in main script:
# Import list on use statement is optional, but
# will cause require at compile time rather than run time.
use Parse::FixedLength qw(DrugCo100);
my $parser = Parse::FixedLength->new('DrugCo100');
etc...
# Or of course you could just:
use Parse::FixedLength::DrugCo100;
my $parser = Parse::FixedLength::Drugco100->new;
CAVEATS
Mentioned in the documentation for "parse", repeated here:
For efficiency, a parser object will return the same hash reference on every call to
parse. Therefore, any code such as this which tries to save every record will not work:
while (<>) {
my $href = $parser->parse($_);
push @array, $href; # Refers to same hash every time
}
and should be changed to this:
while (<>) {
my $href = $parser->parse_newref($_);
push @array, $href;
}
or this:
while (<>) {
my $href = $parser->parse($_);
push @array, { %$href };
}
AUTHOR
Douglas Wilson <dougw@cpan.org>
original by Terrence Brannon <tbone@cpan.org>
COPYRIGHT
This module is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
SEE ALSO
Other glorified substitutes for pack/unpack: Text::FixedLength, Data::FixedFormat,
AnyData::Format::Fixed (although the AnyData module is part of a larger collection of
modules which facilitates converting data between many different kinds of formats, and
using SQL to query those data sources via DBD::AnyData).