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NAME
bitmap - Define a new bitmap from a Tcl script
SYNOPSIS
bitmap define bitmapName data ?option value?...
bitmap compose bitmapName text ?option value?...
bitmap exists bitmapName
bitmap source bitmapName
bitmap data bitmapName
bitmap height bitmapName
bitmap width bitmapName
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DESCRIPTION
The bitmap command lets you create new bitmaps directly from your Tcl script. The bitmap
can be specified as a list of data or a text string which is converted into a bitmap. You
can arbitrarily scale or rotate the bitmap too.
INTRODUCTION
Bitmaps are commonly used within Tk. In label and button widgets, you display bitmaps
them instead of text strings and in the canvas and text widgets, they're used for
stippling. But Tk let's you can create new bitmaps only by reading the bitmap data from a
file. This makes bitmaps cumbersome to manage, especially in packaging the program as a
wish script, since each bitmap must be its own file. It would be nicer if you could
create new bitmaps directly from your Tcl script.
The bitmap command lets you do just that. You can specify the bitmap as in various
formats (such as the X11 bitmap format). You can also compose a bitmap from a text
string. The bitmap command also lets you and arbitrarily rotate or scale the bitmap. For
example, you could use this to create button widgets with the text label rotated 90
degrees.
EXAMPLE
<<<<<<< bitmap.mann You can define a new bitmap with the define operation. For example,
let's say you are using the X11 bitmap "gray1". Normally to use it, you would specify the
location of the file.
label .l -bitmap @/usr/X11R6/include/X11/bitmaps/gray1
But you can simply cut and paste the contents of "gray1" into the bitmap command.
bitmap define gray1 {
#define gray1_width 2
#define gray1_height 2
static char gray1_bits[] = {
0x01, 0x02};
}
label .l -bitmap gray1
Tk will recognize "gray1" as a bitmap which can now be used with any widget that accepts
bitmaps.
.barchart element configure elem1 -stipple gray1
The bitmap data can be specified in a multitude of forms. The following commands are all
equivalent.
bitmap define gray1 {
#define gray1_width 2
#define gray1_height 2
static char gray1_bits[] = {
0x01, 0x02};
}
bitmap define gray1 { { 2 2 } { 0x01, 0x02 } }
bitmap define gray1 { { 2 2 } { 0x01 0x02 } }
bitmap define gray1 { { 2 2 } { 1 2 } }
Either the data is in the standard X11 bitmap form, or it's a list of two lists. The first
list contains the height and width of the bitmap. The second list is the bitmap source
data. Each element of that list is an hexadecimal number specifying which pixels are
foreground (1) and which are background (0) of the bitmap. Note that the format of the
source data is exactly that of the XBM format.
You can scale or rotate the bitmap as you create it, by using the -scale or-rotate
options.
bitmap define gray1 {
#define gray1_width 2
#define gray1_height 2
static char gray1_bits[] = {
0x01, 0x02};
} -scale 2.0 -rotate 90.0
In addition, you can compose bitmaps from text strings. This makes it easy to create
rotated buttons or labels. The text string can have multi-line.
bitmap compose rot_text "This is rotated\ntext" \
-rotate 90.0 -font fixed
There are also a number of ways to query bitmaps. This isn't limited to bitmaps that you
create, but any bitmap.
bitmap exists rot_text
bitmap width rot_text
bitmap height rot_text
bitmap data rot_text
bitmap source rot_text
The exists operation indicates if a bitmap by that name is defined. You can query the
dimensions of the bitmap using the width and height operations. The data operation returns
the list of the data used to create the bitmap. For example, you could query the data of
a bitmap and send it across the network to another Tk application.
set data [bitmap data @/usr/X11R6/include/X11/bitmaps/ghost.xbm]
send {wish #2} bitmap define ghost $data
OPERATIONS
The following operations are available for bitmap:
bitmap compose bitmapName text ?option value?...
Creates a bitmap bitmapName from the text string text. A bitmap bitmapName can not
already exist. The following options are available.
-font fontName
Specifies a font to use when drawing text into the bitmap. If this option
isn't specified then fontName defaults to *-Helvetica-Bold-R-Normal-*-140-*.
-rotate theta
Specifies the angle of rotation of the text in the bitmap. Theta is a real
number representing the angle in degrees. It defaults to 0.0 degrees.
-scale value
Specifies the scale of the bitmap. Value is a real number representing the
scale. A scale of 1.0 indicates no scaling is necessary, while 2.0 would
double the size of the bitmap. There is no way to specify differents scales
for the width and height of the bitmap. The default scale is 1.0.
bitmap data bitmapName
Returns a list of both the dimensions of the bitmap bitmapName and its source data.
bitmap define bitmapName data ?option value?...
Associates bitmapName with in-memory bitmap data so that bitmapName can be used in
later calls to Tk_GetBitmap. The bitmapName argument is the name of the bitmap; it
must not previously have been defined in either a call to Tk_DefineBitmap or
bitmap. The argument data describes the bitmap to be created. It is either the
X11 bitmap format (a C structure) or a list of two lists: the dimensions and source
data. The dimensions are a list of two numbers which are the width and height of
the bitmap. The source data is a list of hexadecimal values in a format similar to
the X11 or X10 bitmap format. The values may be optionally separated by commas and
do not need to be prefixed with "0x". The following options are available.
-rotate theta
Specifies how many degrees to rotate the bitmap. Theta is a real number
representing the angle. The default is 0.0 degrees.
-scale value
Specifies how to scale the bitmap. Value is a real number representing the
scale. A scale of 1.0 indicates no scaling is necessary, while 2.0 would
double the size of the bitmap. There is no way to specify differents scales
for the width and height of the bitmap. The default scale is 1.0.
bitmap exists bitmapName
Returns 1 if a bitmap bitmapName exists, otherwise 0.
bitmap height bitmapName
Returns the height in pixels of the bitmap bitmapName.
bitmap source bitmapName
Returns the source data of the bitmap bitmapName. The source data is a list of the
hexadecimal values.
bitmap width bitmapName
Returns the width in pixels of the bitmap bitmapName.
LIMITATIONS
Tk currently offers no way of destroying bitmaps. Once a bitmap is created, it exists
until the application terminates.
KEYWORDS
bitmap