Provided by: liblapack-doc_3.11.0-2build1_all
NAME
complexOTHERcomputational - complex
SYNOPSIS
Functions subroutine cbbcsd (JOBU1, JOBU2, JOBV1T, JOBV2T, TRANS, M, P, Q, THETA, PHI, U1, LDU1, U2, LDU2, V1T, LDV1T, V2T, LDV2T, B11D, B11E, B12D, B12E, B21D, B21E, B22D, B22E, RWORK, LRWORK, INFO) CBBCSD subroutine cbdsqr (UPLO, N, NCVT, NRU, NCC, D, E, VT, LDVT, U, LDU, C, LDC, RWORK, INFO) CBDSQR subroutine cgghd3 (COMPQ, COMPZ, N, ILO, IHI, A, LDA, B, LDB, Q, LDQ, Z, LDZ, WORK, LWORK, INFO) CGGHD3 subroutine cgghrd (COMPQ, COMPZ, N, ILO, IHI, A, LDA, B, LDB, Q, LDQ, Z, LDZ, INFO) CGGHRD subroutine cggqrf (N, M, P, A, LDA, TAUA, B, LDB, TAUB, WORK, LWORK, INFO) CGGQRF subroutine cggrqf (M, P, N, A, LDA, TAUA, B, LDB, TAUB, WORK, LWORK, INFO) CGGRQF subroutine cggsvp3 (JOBU, JOBV, JOBQ, M, P, N, A, LDA, B, LDB, TOLA, TOLB, K, L, U, LDU, V, LDV, Q, LDQ, IWORK, RWORK, TAU, WORK, LWORK, INFO) CGGSVP3 subroutine cgsvj0 (JOBV, M, N, A, LDA, D, SVA, MV, V, LDV, EPS, SFMIN, TOL, NSWEEP, WORK, LWORK, INFO) CGSVJ0 pre-processor for the routine cgesvj. subroutine cgsvj1 (JOBV, M, N, N1, A, LDA, D, SVA, MV, V, LDV, EPS, SFMIN, TOL, NSWEEP, WORK, LWORK, INFO) CGSVJ1 pre-processor for the routine cgesvj, applies Jacobi rotations targeting only particular pivots. subroutine chbgst (VECT, UPLO, N, KA, KB, AB, LDAB, BB, LDBB, X, LDX, WORK, RWORK, INFO) CHBGST subroutine chbtrd (VECT, UPLO, N, KD, AB, LDAB, D, E, Q, LDQ, WORK, INFO) CHBTRD subroutine chetrd_hb2st (STAGE1, VECT, UPLO, N, KD, AB, LDAB, D, E, HOUS, LHOUS, WORK, LWORK, INFO) CHETRD_HB2ST reduces a complex Hermitian band matrix A to real symmetric tridiagonal form T subroutine chfrk (TRANSR, UPLO, TRANS, N, K, ALPHA, A, LDA, BETA, C) CHFRK performs a Hermitian rank-k operation for matrix in RFP format. subroutine chpcon (UPLO, N, AP, IPIV, ANORM, RCOND, WORK, INFO) CHPCON subroutine chpgst (ITYPE, UPLO, N, AP, BP, INFO) CHPGST subroutine chprfs (UPLO, N, NRHS, AP, AFP, IPIV, B, LDB, X, LDX, FERR, BERR, WORK, RWORK, INFO) CHPRFS subroutine chptrd (UPLO, N, AP, D, E, TAU, INFO) CHPTRD subroutine chptrf (UPLO, N, AP, IPIV, INFO) CHPTRF subroutine chptri (UPLO, N, AP, IPIV, WORK, INFO) CHPTRI subroutine chptrs (UPLO, N, NRHS, AP, IPIV, B, LDB, INFO) CHPTRS subroutine chsein (SIDE, EIGSRC, INITV, SELECT, N, H, LDH, W, VL, LDVL, VR, LDVR, MM, M, WORK, RWORK, IFAILL, IFAILR, INFO) CHSEIN subroutine chseqr (JOB, COMPZ, N, ILO, IHI, H, LDH, W, Z, LDZ, WORK, LWORK, INFO) CHSEQR subroutine cla_lin_berr (N, NZ, NRHS, RES, AYB, BERR) CLA_LIN_BERR computes a component-wise relative backward error. subroutine cla_wwaddw (N, X, Y, W) CLA_WWADDW adds a vector into a doubled-single vector. subroutine claed0 (QSIZ, N, D, E, Q, LDQ, QSTORE, LDQS, RWORK, IWORK, INFO) CLAED0 used by CSTEDC. Computes all eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors of an unreduced symmetric tridiagonal matrix using the divide and conquer method. subroutine claed7 (N, CUTPNT, QSIZ, TLVLS, CURLVL, CURPBM, D, Q, LDQ, RHO, INDXQ, QSTORE, QPTR, PRMPTR, PERM, GIVPTR, GIVCOL, GIVNUM, WORK, RWORK, IWORK, INFO) CLAED7 used by CSTEDC. Computes the updated eigensystem of a diagonal matrix after modification by a rank-one symmetric matrix. Used when the original matrix is dense. subroutine claed8 (K, N, QSIZ, Q, LDQ, D, RHO, CUTPNT, Z, DLAMDA, Q2, LDQ2, W, INDXP, INDX, INDXQ, PERM, GIVPTR, GIVCOL, GIVNUM, INFO) CLAED8 used by CSTEDC. Merges eigenvalues and deflates secular equation. Used when the original matrix is dense. subroutine clals0 (ICOMPQ, NL, NR, SQRE, NRHS, B, LDB, BX, LDBX, PERM, GIVPTR, GIVCOL, LDGCOL, GIVNUM, LDGNUM, POLES, DIFL, DIFR, Z, K, C, S, RWORK, INFO) CLALS0 applies back multiplying factors in solving the least squares problem using divide and conquer SVD approach. Used by sgelsd. subroutine clalsa (ICOMPQ, SMLSIZ, N, NRHS, B, LDB, BX, LDBX, U, LDU, VT, K, DIFL, DIFR, Z, POLES, GIVPTR, GIVCOL, LDGCOL, PERM, GIVNUM, C, S, RWORK, IWORK, INFO) CLALSA computes the SVD of the coefficient matrix in compact form. Used by sgelsd. subroutine clalsd (UPLO, SMLSIZ, N, NRHS, D, E, B, LDB, RCOND, RANK, WORK, RWORK, IWORK, INFO) CLALSD uses the singular value decomposition of A to solve the least squares problem. real function clanhf (NORM, TRANSR, UPLO, N, A, WORK) CLANHF returns the value of the 1-norm, or the Frobenius norm, or the infinity norm, or the element of largest absolute value of a Hermitian matrix in RFP format. subroutine clarscl2 (M, N, D, X, LDX) CLARSCL2 performs reciprocal diagonal scaling on a matrix. subroutine clarz (SIDE, M, N, L, V, INCV, TAU, C, LDC, WORK) CLARZ applies an elementary reflector (as returned by stzrzf) to a general matrix. subroutine clarzb (SIDE, TRANS, DIRECT, STOREV, M, N, K, L, V, LDV, T, LDT, C, LDC, WORK, LDWORK) CLARZB applies a block reflector or its conjugate-transpose to a general matrix. subroutine clarzt (DIRECT, STOREV, N, K, V, LDV, TAU, T, LDT) CLARZT forms the triangular factor T of a block reflector H = I - vtvH. subroutine clascl2 (M, N, D, X, LDX) CLASCL2 performs diagonal scaling on a matrix. subroutine clatrz (M, N, L, A, LDA, TAU, WORK) CLATRZ factors an upper trapezoidal matrix by means of unitary transformations. subroutine cpbcon (UPLO, N, KD, AB, LDAB, ANORM, RCOND, WORK, RWORK, INFO) CPBCON subroutine cpbequ (UPLO, N, KD, AB, LDAB, S, SCOND, AMAX, INFO) CPBEQU subroutine cpbrfs (UPLO, N, KD, NRHS, AB, LDAB, AFB, LDAFB, B, LDB, X, LDX, FERR, BERR, WORK, RWORK, INFO) CPBRFS subroutine cpbstf (UPLO, N, KD, AB, LDAB, INFO) CPBSTF subroutine cpbtf2 (UPLO, N, KD, AB, LDAB, INFO) CPBTF2 computes the Cholesky factorization of a symmetric/Hermitian positive definite band matrix (unblocked algorithm). subroutine cpbtrf (UPLO, N, KD, AB, LDAB, INFO) CPBTRF subroutine cpbtrs (UPLO, N, KD, NRHS, AB, LDAB, B, LDB, INFO) CPBTRS subroutine cpftrf (TRANSR, UPLO, N, A, INFO) CPFTRF subroutine cpftri (TRANSR, UPLO, N, A, INFO) CPFTRI subroutine cpftrs (TRANSR, UPLO, N, NRHS, A, B, LDB, INFO) CPFTRS subroutine cppcon (UPLO, N, AP, ANORM, RCOND, WORK, RWORK, INFO) CPPCON subroutine cppequ (UPLO, N, AP, S, SCOND, AMAX, INFO) CPPEQU subroutine cpprfs (UPLO, N, NRHS, AP, AFP, B, LDB, X, LDX, FERR, BERR, WORK, RWORK, INFO) CPPRFS subroutine cpptrf (UPLO, N, AP, INFO) CPPTRF subroutine cpptri (UPLO, N, AP, INFO) CPPTRI subroutine cpptrs (UPLO, N, NRHS, AP, B, LDB, INFO) CPPTRS subroutine cpstf2 (UPLO, N, A, LDA, PIV, RANK, TOL, WORK, INFO) CPSTF2 computes the Cholesky factorization with complete pivoting of complex Hermitian positive semidefinite matrix. subroutine cpstrf (UPLO, N, A, LDA, PIV, RANK, TOL, WORK, INFO) CPSTRF computes the Cholesky factorization with complete pivoting of complex Hermitian positive semidefinite matrix. subroutine cspcon (UPLO, N, AP, IPIV, ANORM, RCOND, WORK, INFO) CSPCON subroutine csprfs (UPLO, N, NRHS, AP, AFP, IPIV, B, LDB, X, LDX, FERR, BERR, WORK, RWORK, INFO) CSPRFS subroutine csptrf (UPLO, N, AP, IPIV, INFO) CSPTRF subroutine csptri (UPLO, N, AP, IPIV, WORK, INFO) CSPTRI subroutine csptrs (UPLO, N, NRHS, AP, IPIV, B, LDB, INFO) CSPTRS subroutine cstedc (COMPZ, N, D, E, Z, LDZ, WORK, LWORK, RWORK, LRWORK, IWORK, LIWORK, INFO) CSTEDC subroutine cstegr (JOBZ, RANGE, N, D, E, VL, VU, IL, IU, ABSTOL, M, W, Z, LDZ, ISUPPZ, WORK, LWORK, IWORK, LIWORK, INFO) CSTEGR subroutine cstein (N, D, E, M, W, IBLOCK, ISPLIT, Z, LDZ, WORK, IWORK, IFAIL, INFO) CSTEIN subroutine cstemr (JOBZ, RANGE, N, D, E, VL, VU, IL, IU, M, W, Z, LDZ, NZC, ISUPPZ, TRYRAC, WORK, LWORK, IWORK, LIWORK, INFO) CSTEMR subroutine csteqr (COMPZ, N, D, E, Z, LDZ, WORK, INFO) CSTEQR subroutine ctbcon (NORM, UPLO, DIAG, N, KD, AB, LDAB, RCOND, WORK, RWORK, INFO) CTBCON subroutine ctbrfs (UPLO, TRANS, DIAG, N, KD, NRHS, AB, LDAB, B, LDB, X, LDX, FERR, BERR, WORK, RWORK, INFO) CTBRFS subroutine ctbtrs (UPLO, TRANS, DIAG, N, KD, NRHS, AB, LDAB, B, LDB, INFO) CTBTRS subroutine ctfsm (TRANSR, SIDE, UPLO, TRANS, DIAG, M, N, ALPHA, A, B, LDB) CTFSM solves a matrix equation (one operand is a triangular matrix in RFP format). subroutine ctftri (TRANSR, UPLO, DIAG, N, A, INFO) CTFTRI subroutine ctfttp (TRANSR, UPLO, N, ARF, AP, INFO) CTFTTP copies a triangular matrix from the rectangular full packed format (TF) to the standard packed format (TP). subroutine ctfttr (TRANSR, UPLO, N, ARF, A, LDA, INFO) CTFTTR copies a triangular matrix from the rectangular full packed format (TF) to the standard full format (TR). subroutine ctgsen (IJOB, WANTQ, WANTZ, SELECT, N, A, LDA, B, LDB, ALPHA, BETA, Q, LDQ, Z, LDZ, M, PL, PR, DIF, WORK, LWORK, IWORK, LIWORK, INFO) CTGSEN subroutine ctgsja (JOBU, JOBV, JOBQ, M, P, N, K, L, A, LDA, B, LDB, TOLA, TOLB, ALPHA, BETA, U, LDU, V, LDV, Q, LDQ, WORK, NCYCLE, INFO) CTGSJA subroutine ctgsna (JOB, HOWMNY, SELECT, N, A, LDA, B, LDB, VL, LDVL, VR, LDVR, S, DIF, MM, M, WORK, LWORK, IWORK, INFO) CTGSNA subroutine ctpcon (NORM, UPLO, DIAG, N, AP, RCOND, WORK, RWORK, INFO) CTPCON subroutine ctpmqrt (SIDE, TRANS, M, N, K, L, NB, V, LDV, T, LDT, A, LDA, B, LDB, WORK, INFO) CTPMQRT subroutine ctpqrt (M, N, L, NB, A, LDA, B, LDB, T, LDT, WORK, INFO) CTPQRT subroutine ctpqrt2 (M, N, L, A, LDA, B, LDB, T, LDT, INFO) CTPQRT2 computes a QR factorization of a real or complex 'triangular-pentagonal' matrix, which is composed of a triangular block and a pentagonal block, using the compact WY representation for Q. subroutine ctprfs (UPLO, TRANS, DIAG, N, NRHS, AP, B, LDB, X, LDX, FERR, BERR, WORK, RWORK, INFO) CTPRFS subroutine ctptri (UPLO, DIAG, N, AP, INFO) CTPTRI subroutine ctptrs (UPLO, TRANS, DIAG, N, NRHS, AP, B, LDB, INFO) CTPTRS subroutine ctpttf (TRANSR, UPLO, N, AP, ARF, INFO) CTPTTF copies a triangular matrix from the standard packed format (TP) to the rectangular full packed format (TF). subroutine ctpttr (UPLO, N, AP, A, LDA, INFO) CTPTTR copies a triangular matrix from the standard packed format (TP) to the standard full format (TR). subroutine ctrcon (NORM, UPLO, DIAG, N, A, LDA, RCOND, WORK, RWORK, INFO) CTRCON subroutine ctrevc (SIDE, HOWMNY, SELECT, N, T, LDT, VL, LDVL, VR, LDVR, MM, M, WORK, RWORK, INFO) CTREVC subroutine ctrevc3 (SIDE, HOWMNY, SELECT, N, T, LDT, VL, LDVL, VR, LDVR, MM, M, WORK, LWORK, RWORK, LRWORK, INFO) CTREVC3 subroutine ctrexc (COMPQ, N, T, LDT, Q, LDQ, IFST, ILST, INFO) CTREXC subroutine ctrrfs (UPLO, TRANS, DIAG, N, NRHS, A, LDA, B, LDB, X, LDX, FERR, BERR, WORK, RWORK, INFO) CTRRFS subroutine ctrsen (JOB, COMPQ, SELECT, N, T, LDT, Q, LDQ, W, M, S, SEP, WORK, LWORK, INFO) CTRSEN subroutine ctrsna (JOB, HOWMNY, SELECT, N, T, LDT, VL, LDVL, VR, LDVR, S, SEP, MM, M, WORK, LDWORK, RWORK, INFO) CTRSNA subroutine ctrti2 (UPLO, DIAG, N, A, LDA, INFO) CTRTI2 computes the inverse of a triangular matrix (unblocked algorithm). subroutine ctrtri (UPLO, DIAG, N, A, LDA, INFO) CTRTRI subroutine ctrtrs (UPLO, TRANS, DIAG, N, NRHS, A, LDA, B, LDB, INFO) CTRTRS subroutine ctrttf (TRANSR, UPLO, N, A, LDA, ARF, INFO) CTRTTF copies a triangular matrix from the standard full format (TR) to the rectangular full packed format (TF). subroutine ctrttp (UPLO, N, A, LDA, AP, INFO) CTRTTP copies a triangular matrix from the standard full format (TR) to the standard packed format (TP). subroutine ctzrzf (M, N, A, LDA, TAU, WORK, LWORK, INFO) CTZRZF subroutine cunbdb (TRANS, SIGNS, M, P, Q, X11, LDX11, X12, LDX12, X21, LDX21, X22, LDX22, THETA, PHI, TAUP1, TAUP2, TAUQ1, TAUQ2, WORK, LWORK, INFO) CUNBDB subroutine cunbdb1 (M, P, Q, X11, LDX11, X21, LDX21, THETA, PHI, TAUP1, TAUP2, TAUQ1, WORK, LWORK, INFO) CUNBDB1 subroutine cunbdb2 (M, P, Q, X11, LDX11, X21, LDX21, THETA, PHI, TAUP1, TAUP2, TAUQ1, WORK, LWORK, INFO) CUNBDB2 subroutine cunbdb3 (M, P, Q, X11, LDX11, X21, LDX21, THETA, PHI, TAUP1, TAUP2, TAUQ1, WORK, LWORK, INFO) CUNBDB3 subroutine cunbdb4 (M, P, Q, X11, LDX11, X21, LDX21, THETA, PHI, TAUP1, TAUP2, TAUQ1, PHANTOM, WORK, LWORK, INFO) CUNBDB4 subroutine cunbdb5 (M1, M2, N, X1, INCX1, X2, INCX2, Q1, LDQ1, Q2, LDQ2, WORK, LWORK, INFO) CUNBDB5 subroutine cunbdb6 (M1, M2, N, X1, INCX1, X2, INCX2, Q1, LDQ1, Q2, LDQ2, WORK, LWORK, INFO) CUNBDB6 recursive subroutine cuncsd (JOBU1, JOBU2, JOBV1T, JOBV2T, TRANS, SIGNS, M, P, Q, X11, LDX11, X12, LDX12, X21, LDX21, X22, LDX22, THETA, U1, LDU1, U2, LDU2, V1T, LDV1T, V2T, LDV2T, WORK, LWORK, RWORK, LRWORK, IWORK, INFO) CUNCSD subroutine cuncsd2by1 (JOBU1, JOBU2, JOBV1T, M, P, Q, X11, LDX11, X21, LDX21, THETA, U1, LDU1, U2, LDU2, V1T, LDV1T, WORK, LWORK, RWORK, LRWORK, IWORK, INFO) CUNCSD2BY1 subroutine cung2l (M, N, K, A, LDA, TAU, WORK, INFO) CUNG2L generates all or part of the unitary matrix Q from a QL factorization determined by cgeqlf (unblocked algorithm). subroutine cung2r (M, N, K, A, LDA, TAU, WORK, INFO) CUNG2R subroutine cunghr (N, ILO, IHI, A, LDA, TAU, WORK, LWORK, INFO) CUNGHR subroutine cungl2 (M, N, K, A, LDA, TAU, WORK, INFO) CUNGL2 generates all or part of the unitary matrix Q from an LQ factorization determined by cgelqf (unblocked algorithm). subroutine cunglq (M, N, K, A, LDA, TAU, WORK, LWORK, INFO) CUNGLQ subroutine cungql (M, N, K, A, LDA, TAU, WORK, LWORK, INFO) CUNGQL subroutine cungqr (M, N, K, A, LDA, TAU, WORK, LWORK, INFO) CUNGQR subroutine cungr2 (M, N, K, A, LDA, TAU, WORK, INFO) CUNGR2 generates all or part of the unitary matrix Q from an RQ factorization determined by cgerqf (unblocked algorithm). subroutine cungrq (M, N, K, A, LDA, TAU, WORK, LWORK, INFO) CUNGRQ subroutine cungtr (UPLO, N, A, LDA, TAU, WORK, LWORK, INFO) CUNGTR subroutine cungtsqr (M, N, MB, NB, A, LDA, T, LDT, WORK, LWORK, INFO) CUNGTSQR subroutine cungtsqr_row (M, N, MB, NB, A, LDA, T, LDT, WORK, LWORK, INFO) CUNGTSQR_ROW subroutine cunhr_col (M, N, NB, A, LDA, T, LDT, D, INFO) CUNHR_COL subroutine cunm22 (SIDE, TRANS, M, N, N1, N2, Q, LDQ, C, LDC, WORK, LWORK, INFO) CUNM22 multiplies a general matrix by a banded unitary matrix. subroutine cunm2l (SIDE, TRANS, M, N, K, A, LDA, TAU, C, LDC, WORK, INFO) CUNM2L multiplies a general matrix by the unitary matrix from a QL factorization determined by cgeqlf (unblocked algorithm). subroutine cunm2r (SIDE, TRANS, M, N, K, A, LDA, TAU, C, LDC, WORK, INFO) CUNM2R multiplies a general matrix by the unitary matrix from a QR factorization determined by cgeqrf (unblocked algorithm). subroutine cunmbr (VECT, SIDE, TRANS, M, N, K, A, LDA, TAU, C, LDC, WORK, LWORK, INFO) CUNMBR subroutine cunmhr (SIDE, TRANS, M, N, ILO, IHI, A, LDA, TAU, C, LDC, WORK, LWORK, INFO) CUNMHR subroutine cunml2 (SIDE, TRANS, M, N, K, A, LDA, TAU, C, LDC, WORK, INFO) CUNML2 multiplies a general matrix by the unitary matrix from a LQ factorization determined by cgelqf (unblocked algorithm). subroutine cunmlq (SIDE, TRANS, M, N, K, A, LDA, TAU, C, LDC, WORK, LWORK, INFO) CUNMLQ subroutine cunmql (SIDE, TRANS, M, N, K, A, LDA, TAU, C, LDC, WORK, LWORK, INFO) CUNMQL subroutine cunmqr (SIDE, TRANS, M, N, K, A, LDA, TAU, C, LDC, WORK, LWORK, INFO) CUNMQR subroutine cunmr2 (SIDE, TRANS, M, N, K, A, LDA, TAU, C, LDC, WORK, INFO) CUNMR2 multiplies a general matrix by the unitary matrix from a RQ factorization determined by cgerqf (unblocked algorithm). subroutine cunmr3 (SIDE, TRANS, M, N, K, L, A, LDA, TAU, C, LDC, WORK, INFO) CUNMR3 multiplies a general matrix by the unitary matrix from a RZ factorization determined by ctzrzf (unblocked algorithm). subroutine cunmrq (SIDE, TRANS, M, N, K, A, LDA, TAU, C, LDC, WORK, LWORK, INFO) CUNMRQ subroutine cunmrz (SIDE, TRANS, M, N, K, L, A, LDA, TAU, C, LDC, WORK, LWORK, INFO) CUNMRZ subroutine cunmtr (SIDE, UPLO, TRANS, M, N, A, LDA, TAU, C, LDC, WORK, LWORK, INFO) CUNMTR subroutine cupgtr (UPLO, N, AP, TAU, Q, LDQ, WORK, INFO) CUPGTR subroutine cupmtr (SIDE, UPLO, TRANS, M, N, AP, TAU, C, LDC, WORK, INFO) CUPMTR subroutine dorm22 (SIDE, TRANS, M, N, N1, N2, Q, LDQ, C, LDC, WORK, LWORK, INFO) DORM22 multiplies a general matrix by a banded orthogonal matrix. subroutine sorm22 (SIDE, TRANS, M, N, N1, N2, Q, LDQ, C, LDC, WORK, LWORK, INFO) SORM22 multiplies a general matrix by a banded orthogonal matrix. subroutine zunm22 (SIDE, TRANS, M, N, N1, N2, Q, LDQ, C, LDC, WORK, LWORK, INFO) ZUNM22 multiplies a general matrix by a banded unitary matrix.
Detailed Description
This is the group of complex other Computational routines
Function Documentation
subroutine cbbcsd (character JOBU1, character JOBU2, character JOBV1T, character JOBV2T, character TRANS, integer M, integer P, integer Q, real, dimension( * ) THETA, real, dimension( * ) PHI, complex, dimension( ldu1, * ) U1, integer LDU1, complex, dimension( ldu2, * ) U2, integer LDU2, complex, dimension( ldv1t, * ) V1T, integer LDV1T, complex, dimension( ldv2t, * ) V2T, integer LDV2T, real, dimension( * ) B11D, real, dimension( * ) B11E, real, dimension( * ) B12D, real, dimension( * ) B12E, real, dimension( * ) B21D, real, dimension( * ) B21E, real, dimension( * ) B22D, real, dimension( * ) B22E, real, dimension( * ) RWORK, integer LRWORK, integer INFO) CBBCSD Purpose: CBBCSD computes the CS decomposition of a unitary matrix in bidiagonal-block form, [ B11 | B12 0 0 ] [ 0 | 0 -I 0 ] X = [----------------] [ B21 | B22 0 0 ] [ 0 | 0 0 I ] [ C | -S 0 0 ] [ U1 | ] [ 0 | 0 -I 0 ] [ V1 | ]**H = [---------] [---------------] [---------] . [ | U2 ] [ S | C 0 0 ] [ | V2 ] [ 0 | 0 0 I ] X is M-by-M, its top-left block is P-by-Q, and Q must be no larger than P, M-P, or M-Q. (If Q is not the smallest index, then X must be transposed and/or permuted. This can be done in constant time using the TRANS and SIGNS options. See CUNCSD for details.) The bidiagonal matrices B11, B12, B21, and B22 are represented implicitly by angles THETA(1:Q) and PHI(1:Q-1). The unitary matrices U1, U2, V1T, and V2T are input/output. The input matrices are pre- or post-multiplied by the appropriate singular vector matrices. Parameters JOBU1 JOBU1 is CHARACTER = 'Y': U1 is updated; otherwise: U1 is not updated. JOBU2 JOBU2 is CHARACTER = 'Y': U2 is updated; otherwise: U2 is not updated. JOBV1T JOBV1T is CHARACTER = 'Y': V1T is updated; otherwise: V1T is not updated. JOBV2T JOBV2T is CHARACTER = 'Y': V2T is updated; otherwise: V2T is not updated. TRANS TRANS is CHARACTER = 'T': X, U1, U2, V1T, and V2T are stored in row-major order; otherwise: X, U1, U2, V1T, and V2T are stored in column- major order. M M is INTEGER The number of rows and columns in X, the unitary matrix in bidiagonal-block form. P P is INTEGER The number of rows in the top-left block of X. 0 <= P <= M. Q Q is INTEGER The number of columns in the top-left block of X. 0 <= Q <= MIN(P,M-P,M-Q). THETA THETA is REAL array, dimension (Q) On entry, the angles THETA(1),...,THETA(Q) that, along with PHI(1), ...,PHI(Q-1), define the matrix in bidiagonal-block form. On exit, the angles whose cosines and sines define the diagonal blocks in the CS decomposition. PHI PHI is REAL array, dimension (Q-1) The angles PHI(1),...,PHI(Q-1) that, along with THETA(1),..., THETA(Q), define the matrix in bidiagonal-block form. U1 U1 is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDU1,P) On entry, a P-by-P matrix. On exit, U1 is postmultiplied by the left singular vector matrix common to [ B11 ; 0 ] and [ B12 0 0 ; 0 -I 0 0 ]. LDU1 LDU1 is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array U1, LDU1 >= MAX(1,P). U2 U2 is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDU2,M-P) On entry, an (M-P)-by-(M-P) matrix. On exit, U2 is postmultiplied by the left singular vector matrix common to [ B21 ; 0 ] and [ B22 0 0 ; 0 0 I ]. LDU2 LDU2 is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array U2, LDU2 >= MAX(1,M-P). V1T V1T is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDV1T,Q) On entry, a Q-by-Q matrix. On exit, V1T is premultiplied by the conjugate transpose of the right singular vector matrix common to [ B11 ; 0 ] and [ B21 ; 0 ]. LDV1T LDV1T is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array V1T, LDV1T >= MAX(1,Q). V2T V2T is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDV2T,M-Q) On entry, an (M-Q)-by-(M-Q) matrix. On exit, V2T is premultiplied by the conjugate transpose of the right singular vector matrix common to [ B12 0 0 ; 0 -I 0 ] and [ B22 0 0 ; 0 0 I ]. LDV2T LDV2T is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array V2T, LDV2T >= MAX(1,M-Q). B11D B11D is REAL array, dimension (Q) When CBBCSD converges, B11D contains the cosines of THETA(1), ..., THETA(Q). If CBBCSD fails to converge, then B11D contains the diagonal of the partially reduced top-left block. B11E B11E is REAL array, dimension (Q-1) When CBBCSD converges, B11E contains zeros. If CBBCSD fails to converge, then B11E contains the superdiagonal of the partially reduced top-left block. B12D B12D is REAL array, dimension (Q) When CBBCSD converges, B12D contains the negative sines of THETA(1), ..., THETA(Q). If CBBCSD fails to converge, then B12D contains the diagonal of the partially reduced top-right block. B12E B12E is REAL array, dimension (Q-1) When CBBCSD converges, B12E contains zeros. If CBBCSD fails to converge, then B12E contains the subdiagonal of the partially reduced top-right block. B21D B21D is REAL array, dimension (Q) When CBBCSD converges, B21D contains the negative sines of THETA(1), ..., THETA(Q). If CBBCSD fails to converge, then B21D contains the diagonal of the partially reduced bottom-left block. B21E B21E is REAL array, dimension (Q-1) When CBBCSD converges, B21E contains zeros. If CBBCSD fails to converge, then B21E contains the subdiagonal of the partially reduced bottom-left block. B22D B22D is REAL array, dimension (Q) When CBBCSD converges, B22D contains the negative sines of THETA(1), ..., THETA(Q). If CBBCSD fails to converge, then B22D contains the diagonal of the partially reduced bottom-right block. B22E B22E is REAL array, dimension (Q-1) When CBBCSD converges, B22E contains zeros. If CBBCSD fails to converge, then B22E contains the subdiagonal of the partially reduced bottom-right block. RWORK RWORK is REAL array, dimension (MAX(1,LRWORK)) On exit, if INFO = 0, RWORK(1) returns the optimal LRWORK. LRWORK LRWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array RWORK. LRWORK >= MAX(1,8*Q). If LRWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the RWORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the work array, and no error message related to LRWORK is issued by XERBLA. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit. < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value. > 0: if CBBCSD did not converge, INFO specifies the number of nonzero entries in PHI, and B11D, B11E, etc., contain the partially reduced matrix. Internal Parameters: TOLMUL REAL, default = MAX(10,MIN(100,EPS**(-1/8))) TOLMUL controls the convergence criterion of the QR loop. Angles THETA(i), PHI(i) are rounded to 0 or PI/2 when they are within TOLMUL*EPS of either bound. References: [1] Brian D. Sutton. Computing the complete CS decomposition. Numer. Algorithms, 50(1):33-65, 2009. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cbdsqr (character UPLO, integer N, integer NCVT, integer NRU, integer NCC, real, dimension( * ) D, real, dimension( * ) E, complex, dimension( ldvt, * ) VT, integer LDVT, complex, dimension( ldu, * ) U, integer LDU, complex, dimension( ldc, * ) C, integer LDC, real, dimension( * ) RWORK, integer INFO) CBDSQR Purpose: CBDSQR computes the singular values and, optionally, the right and/or left singular vectors from the singular value decomposition (SVD) of a real N-by-N (upper or lower) bidiagonal matrix B using the implicit zero-shift QR algorithm. The SVD of B has the form B = Q * S * P**H where S is the diagonal matrix of singular values, Q is an orthogonal matrix of left singular vectors, and P is an orthogonal matrix of right singular vectors. If left singular vectors are requested, this subroutine actually returns U*Q instead of Q, and, if right singular vectors are requested, this subroutine returns P**H*VT instead of P**H, for given complex input matrices U and VT. When U and VT are the unitary matrices that reduce a general matrix A to bidiagonal form: A = U*B*VT, as computed by CGEBRD, then A = (U*Q) * S * (P**H*VT) is the SVD of A. Optionally, the subroutine may also compute Q**H*C for a given complex input matrix C. See 'Computing Small Singular Values of Bidiagonal Matrices With Guaranteed High Relative Accuracy,' by J. Demmel and W. Kahan, LAPACK Working Note #3 (or SIAM J. Sci. Statist. Comput. vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 873-912, Sept 1990) and 'Accurate singular values and differential qd algorithms,' by B. Parlett and V. Fernando, Technical Report CPAM-554, Mathematics Department, University of California at Berkeley, July 1992 for a detailed description of the algorithm. Parameters UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': B is upper bidiagonal; = 'L': B is lower bidiagonal. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix B. N >= 0. NCVT NCVT is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix VT. NCVT >= 0. NRU NRU is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrix U. NRU >= 0. NCC NCC is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix C. NCC >= 0. D D is REAL array, dimension (N) On entry, the n diagonal elements of the bidiagonal matrix B. On exit, if INFO=0, the singular values of B in decreasing order. E E is REAL array, dimension (N-1) On entry, the N-1 offdiagonal elements of the bidiagonal matrix B. On exit, if INFO = 0, E is destroyed; if INFO > 0, D and E will contain the diagonal and superdiagonal elements of a bidiagonal matrix orthogonally equivalent to the one given as input. VT VT is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDVT, NCVT) On entry, an N-by-NCVT matrix VT. On exit, VT is overwritten by P**H * VT. Not referenced if NCVT = 0. LDVT LDVT is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array VT. LDVT >= max(1,N) if NCVT > 0; LDVT >= 1 if NCVT = 0. U U is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDU, N) On entry, an NRU-by-N matrix U. On exit, U is overwritten by U * Q. Not referenced if NRU = 0. LDU LDU is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array U. LDU >= max(1,NRU). C C is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDC, NCC) On entry, an N-by-NCC matrix C. On exit, C is overwritten by Q**H * C. Not referenced if NCC = 0. LDC LDC is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array C. LDC >= max(1,N) if NCC > 0; LDC >=1 if NCC = 0. RWORK RWORK is REAL array, dimension (4*N) INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: If INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value > 0: the algorithm did not converge; D and E contain the elements of a bidiagonal matrix which is orthogonally similar to the input matrix B; if INFO = i, i elements of E have not converged to zero. Internal Parameters: TOLMUL REAL, default = max(10,min(100,EPS**(-1/8))) TOLMUL controls the convergence criterion of the QR loop. If it is positive, TOLMUL*EPS is the desired relative precision in the computed singular values. If it is negative, abs(TOLMUL*EPS*sigma_max) is the desired absolute accuracy in the computed singular values (corresponds to relative accuracy abs(TOLMUL*EPS) in the largest singular value. abs(TOLMUL) should be between 1 and 1/EPS, and preferably between 10 (for fast convergence) and .1/EPS (for there to be some accuracy in the results). Default is to lose at either one eighth or 2 of the available decimal digits in each computed singular value (whichever is smaller). MAXITR INTEGER, default = 6 MAXITR controls the maximum number of passes of the algorithm through its inner loop. The algorithms stops (and so fails to converge) if the number of passes through the inner loop exceeds MAXITR*N**2. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cgghd3 (character COMPQ, character COMPZ, integer N, integer ILO, integer IHI, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( ldb, * ) B, integer LDB, complex, dimension( ldq, * ) Q, integer LDQ, complex, dimension( ldz, * ) Z, integer LDZ, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer LWORK, integer INFO) CGGHD3 Purpose: CGGHD3 reduces a pair of complex matrices (A,B) to generalized upper Hessenberg form using unitary transformations, where A is a general matrix and B is upper triangular. The form of the generalized eigenvalue problem is A*x = lambda*B*x, and B is typically made upper triangular by computing its QR factorization and moving the unitary matrix Q to the left side of the equation. This subroutine simultaneously reduces A to a Hessenberg matrix H: Q**H*A*Z = H and transforms B to another upper triangular matrix T: Q**H*B*Z = T in order to reduce the problem to its standard form H*y = lambda*T*y where y = Z**H*x. The unitary matrices Q and Z are determined as products of Givens rotations. They may either be formed explicitly, or they may be postmultiplied into input matrices Q1 and Z1, so that Q1 * A * Z1**H = (Q1*Q) * H * (Z1*Z)**H Q1 * B * Z1**H = (Q1*Q) * T * (Z1*Z)**H If Q1 is the unitary matrix from the QR factorization of B in the original equation A*x = lambda*B*x, then CGGHD3 reduces the original problem to generalized Hessenberg form. This is a blocked variant of CGGHRD, using matrix-matrix multiplications for parts of the computation to enhance performance. Parameters COMPQ COMPQ is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': do not compute Q; = 'I': Q is initialized to the unit matrix, and the unitary matrix Q is returned; = 'V': Q must contain a unitary matrix Q1 on entry, and the product Q1*Q is returned. COMPZ COMPZ is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': do not compute Z; = 'I': Z is initialized to the unit matrix, and the unitary matrix Z is returned; = 'V': Z must contain a unitary matrix Z1 on entry, and the product Z1*Z is returned. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrices A and B. N >= 0. ILO ILO is INTEGER IHI IHI is INTEGER ILO and IHI mark the rows and columns of A which are to be reduced. It is assumed that A is already upper triangular in rows and columns 1:ILO-1 and IHI+1:N. ILO and IHI are normally set by a previous call to CGGBAL; otherwise they should be set to 1 and N respectively. 1 <= ILO <= IHI <= N, if N > 0; ILO=1 and IHI=0, if N=0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA, N) On entry, the N-by-N general matrix to be reduced. On exit, the upper triangle and the first subdiagonal of A are overwritten with the upper Hessenberg matrix H, and the rest is set to zero. LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,N). B B is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDB, N) On entry, the N-by-N upper triangular matrix B. On exit, the upper triangular matrix T = Q**H B Z. The elements below the diagonal are set to zero. LDB LDB is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array B. LDB >= max(1,N). Q Q is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDQ, N) On entry, if COMPQ = 'V', the unitary matrix Q1, typically from the QR factorization of B. On exit, if COMPQ='I', the unitary matrix Q, and if COMPQ = 'V', the product Q1*Q. Not referenced if COMPQ='N'. LDQ LDQ is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array Q. LDQ >= N if COMPQ='V' or 'I'; LDQ >= 1 otherwise. Z Z is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDZ, N) On entry, if COMPZ = 'V', the unitary matrix Z1. On exit, if COMPZ='I', the unitary matrix Z, and if COMPZ = 'V', the product Z1*Z. Not referenced if COMPZ='N'. LDZ LDZ is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array Z. LDZ >= N if COMPZ='V' or 'I'; LDZ >= 1 otherwise. WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (LWORK) On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK. LWORK LWORK is INTEGER The length of the array WORK. LWORK >= 1. For optimum performance LWORK >= 6*N*NB, where NB is the optimal blocksize. If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit. < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Further Details: This routine reduces A to Hessenberg form and maintains B in triangular form using a blocked variant of Moler and Stewart's original algorithm, as described by Kagstrom, Kressner, Quintana-Orti, and Quintana-Orti (BIT 2008). subroutine cgghrd (character COMPQ, character COMPZ, integer N, integer ILO, integer IHI, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( ldb, * ) B, integer LDB, complex, dimension( ldq, * ) Q, integer LDQ, complex, dimension( ldz, * ) Z, integer LDZ, integer INFO) CGGHRD Purpose: CGGHRD reduces a pair of complex matrices (A,B) to generalized upper Hessenberg form using unitary transformations, where A is a general matrix and B is upper triangular. The form of the generalized eigenvalue problem is A*x = lambda*B*x, and B is typically made upper triangular by computing its QR factorization and moving the unitary matrix Q to the left side of the equation. This subroutine simultaneously reduces A to a Hessenberg matrix H: Q**H*A*Z = H and transforms B to another upper triangular matrix T: Q**H*B*Z = T in order to reduce the problem to its standard form H*y = lambda*T*y where y = Z**H*x. The unitary matrices Q and Z are determined as products of Givens rotations. They may either be formed explicitly, or they may be postmultiplied into input matrices Q1 and Z1, so that Q1 * A * Z1**H = (Q1*Q) * H * (Z1*Z)**H Q1 * B * Z1**H = (Q1*Q) * T * (Z1*Z)**H If Q1 is the unitary matrix from the QR factorization of B in the original equation A*x = lambda*B*x, then CGGHRD reduces the original problem to generalized Hessenberg form. Parameters COMPQ COMPQ is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': do not compute Q; = 'I': Q is initialized to the unit matrix, and the unitary matrix Q is returned; = 'V': Q must contain a unitary matrix Q1 on entry, and the product Q1*Q is returned. COMPZ COMPZ is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': do not compute Z; = 'I': Z is initialized to the unit matrix, and the unitary matrix Z is returned; = 'V': Z must contain a unitary matrix Z1 on entry, and the product Z1*Z is returned. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrices A and B. N >= 0. ILO ILO is INTEGER IHI IHI is INTEGER ILO and IHI mark the rows and columns of A which are to be reduced. It is assumed that A is already upper triangular in rows and columns 1:ILO-1 and IHI+1:N. ILO and IHI are normally set by a previous call to CGGBAL; otherwise they should be set to 1 and N respectively. 1 <= ILO <= IHI <= N, if N > 0; ILO=1 and IHI=0, if N=0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA, N) On entry, the N-by-N general matrix to be reduced. On exit, the upper triangle and the first subdiagonal of A are overwritten with the upper Hessenberg matrix H, and the rest is set to zero. LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,N). B B is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDB, N) On entry, the N-by-N upper triangular matrix B. On exit, the upper triangular matrix T = Q**H B Z. The elements below the diagonal are set to zero. LDB LDB is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array B. LDB >= max(1,N). Q Q is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDQ, N) On entry, if COMPQ = 'V', the unitary matrix Q1, typically from the QR factorization of B. On exit, if COMPQ='I', the unitary matrix Q, and if COMPQ = 'V', the product Q1*Q. Not referenced if COMPQ='N'. LDQ LDQ is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array Q. LDQ >= N if COMPQ='V' or 'I'; LDQ >= 1 otherwise. Z Z is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDZ, N) On entry, if COMPZ = 'V', the unitary matrix Z1. On exit, if COMPZ='I', the unitary matrix Z, and if COMPZ = 'V', the product Z1*Z. Not referenced if COMPZ='N'. LDZ LDZ is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array Z. LDZ >= N if COMPZ='V' or 'I'; LDZ >= 1 otherwise. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit. < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Further Details: This routine reduces A to Hessenberg and B to triangular form by an unblocked reduction, as described in _Matrix_Computations_, by Golub and van Loan (Johns Hopkins Press). subroutine cggqrf (integer N, integer M, integer P, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( * ) TAUA, complex, dimension( ldb, * ) B, integer LDB, complex, dimension( * ) TAUB, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer LWORK, integer INFO) CGGQRF Purpose: CGGQRF computes a generalized QR factorization of an N-by-M matrix A and an N-by-P matrix B: A = Q*R, B = Q*T*Z, where Q is an N-by-N unitary matrix, Z is a P-by-P unitary matrix, and R and T assume one of the forms: if N >= M, R = ( R11 ) M , or if N < M, R = ( R11 R12 ) N, ( 0 ) N-M N M-N M where R11 is upper triangular, and if N <= P, T = ( 0 T12 ) N, or if N > P, T = ( T11 ) N-P, P-N N ( T21 ) P P where T12 or T21 is upper triangular. In particular, if B is square and nonsingular, the GQR factorization of A and B implicitly gives the QR factorization of inv(B)*A: inv(B)*A = Z**H * (inv(T)*R) where inv(B) denotes the inverse of the matrix B, and Z' denotes the conjugate transpose of matrix Z. Parameters N N is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrices A and B. N >= 0. M M is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix A. M >= 0. P P is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix B. P >= 0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,M) On entry, the N-by-M matrix A. On exit, the elements on and above the diagonal of the array contain the min(N,M)-by-M upper trapezoidal matrix R (R is upper triangular if N >= M); the elements below the diagonal, with the array TAUA, represent the unitary matrix Q as a product of min(N,M) elementary reflectors (see Further Details). LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,N). TAUA TAUA is COMPLEX array, dimension (min(N,M)) The scalar factors of the elementary reflectors which represent the unitary matrix Q (see Further Details). B B is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDB,P) On entry, the N-by-P matrix B. On exit, if N <= P, the upper triangle of the subarray B(1:N,P-N+1:P) contains the N-by-N upper triangular matrix T; if N > P, the elements on and above the (N-P)-th subdiagonal contain the N-by-P upper trapezoidal matrix T; the remaining elements, with the array TAUB, represent the unitary matrix Z as a product of elementary reflectors (see Further Details). LDB LDB is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array B. LDB >= max(1,N). TAUB TAUB is COMPLEX array, dimension (min(N,P)) The scalar factors of the elementary reflectors which represent the unitary matrix Z (see Further Details). WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK)) On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK. LWORK LWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array WORK. LWORK >= max(1,N,M,P). For optimum performance LWORK >= max(N,M,P)*max(NB1,NB2,NB3), where NB1 is the optimal blocksize for the QR factorization of an N-by-M matrix, NB2 is the optimal blocksize for the RQ factorization of an N-by-P matrix, and NB3 is the optimal blocksize for a call of CUNMQR. If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Further Details: The matrix Q is represented as a product of elementary reflectors Q = H(1) H(2) . . . H(k), where k = min(n,m). Each H(i) has the form H(i) = I - taua * v * v**H where taua is a complex scalar, and v is a complex vector with v(1:i-1) = 0 and v(i) = 1; v(i+1:n) is stored on exit in A(i+1:n,i), and taua in TAUA(i). To form Q explicitly, use LAPACK subroutine CUNGQR. To use Q to update another matrix, use LAPACK subroutine CUNMQR. The matrix Z is represented as a product of elementary reflectors Z = H(1) H(2) . . . H(k), where k = min(n,p). Each H(i) has the form H(i) = I - taub * v * v**H where taub is a complex scalar, and v is a complex vector with v(p-k+i+1:p) = 0 and v(p-k+i) = 1; v(1:p-k+i-1) is stored on exit in B(n-k+i,1:p-k+i-1), and taub in TAUB(i). To form Z explicitly, use LAPACK subroutine CUNGRQ. To use Z to update another matrix, use LAPACK subroutine CUNMRQ. subroutine cggrqf (integer M, integer P, integer N, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( * ) TAUA, complex, dimension( ldb, * ) B, integer LDB, complex, dimension( * ) TAUB, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer LWORK, integer INFO) CGGRQF Purpose: CGGRQF computes a generalized RQ factorization of an M-by-N matrix A and a P-by-N matrix B: A = R*Q, B = Z*T*Q, where Q is an N-by-N unitary matrix, Z is a P-by-P unitary matrix, and R and T assume one of the forms: if M <= N, R = ( 0 R12 ) M, or if M > N, R = ( R11 ) M-N, N-M M ( R21 ) N N where R12 or R21 is upper triangular, and if P >= N, T = ( T11 ) N , or if P < N, T = ( T11 T12 ) P, ( 0 ) P-N P N-P N where T11 is upper triangular. In particular, if B is square and nonsingular, the GRQ factorization of A and B implicitly gives the RQ factorization of A*inv(B): A*inv(B) = (R*inv(T))*Z**H where inv(B) denotes the inverse of the matrix B, and Z**H denotes the conjugate transpose of the matrix Z. Parameters M M is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrix A. M >= 0. P P is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrix B. P >= 0. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrices A and B. N >= 0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,N) On entry, the M-by-N matrix A. On exit, if M <= N, the upper triangle of the subarray A(1:M,N-M+1:N) contains the M-by-M upper triangular matrix R; if M > N, the elements on and above the (M-N)-th subdiagonal contain the M-by-N upper trapezoidal matrix R; the remaining elements, with the array TAUA, represent the unitary matrix Q as a product of elementary reflectors (see Further Details). LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,M). TAUA TAUA is COMPLEX array, dimension (min(M,N)) The scalar factors of the elementary reflectors which represent the unitary matrix Q (see Further Details). B B is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDB,N) On entry, the P-by-N matrix B. On exit, the elements on and above the diagonal of the array contain the min(P,N)-by-N upper trapezoidal matrix T (T is upper triangular if P >= N); the elements below the diagonal, with the array TAUB, represent the unitary matrix Z as a product of elementary reflectors (see Further Details). LDB LDB is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array B. LDB >= max(1,P). TAUB TAUB is COMPLEX array, dimension (min(P,N)) The scalar factors of the elementary reflectors which represent the unitary matrix Z (see Further Details). WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK)) On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK. LWORK LWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array WORK. LWORK >= max(1,N,M,P). For optimum performance LWORK >= max(N,M,P)*max(NB1,NB2,NB3), where NB1 is the optimal blocksize for the RQ factorization of an M-by-N matrix, NB2 is the optimal blocksize for the QR factorization of a P-by-N matrix, and NB3 is the optimal blocksize for a call of CUNMRQ. If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO=-i, the i-th argument had an illegal value. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Further Details: The matrix Q is represented as a product of elementary reflectors Q = H(1) H(2) . . . H(k), where k = min(m,n). Each H(i) has the form H(i) = I - taua * v * v**H where taua is a complex scalar, and v is a complex vector with v(n-k+i+1:n) = 0 and v(n-k+i) = 1; v(1:n-k+i-1) is stored on exit in A(m-k+i,1:n-k+i-1), and taua in TAUA(i). To form Q explicitly, use LAPACK subroutine CUNGRQ. To use Q to update another matrix, use LAPACK subroutine CUNMRQ. The matrix Z is represented as a product of elementary reflectors Z = H(1) H(2) . . . H(k), where k = min(p,n). Each H(i) has the form H(i) = I - taub * v * v**H where taub is a complex scalar, and v is a complex vector with v(1:i-1) = 0 and v(i) = 1; v(i+1:p) is stored on exit in B(i+1:p,i), and taub in TAUB(i). To form Z explicitly, use LAPACK subroutine CUNGQR. To use Z to update another matrix, use LAPACK subroutine CUNMQR. subroutine cggsvp3 (character JOBU, character JOBV, character JOBQ, integer M, integer P, integer N, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( ldb, * ) B, integer LDB, real TOLA, real TOLB, integer K, integer L, complex, dimension( ldu, * ) U, integer LDU, complex, dimension( ldv, * ) V, integer LDV, complex, dimension( ldq, * ) Q, integer LDQ, integer, dimension( * ) IWORK, real, dimension( * ) RWORK, complex, dimension( * ) TAU, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer LWORK, integer INFO) CGGSVP3 Purpose: CGGSVP3 computes unitary matrices U, V and Q such that N-K-L K L U**H*A*Q = K ( 0 A12 A13 ) if M-K-L >= 0; L ( 0 0 A23 ) M-K-L ( 0 0 0 ) N-K-L K L = K ( 0 A12 A13 ) if M-K-L < 0; M-K ( 0 0 A23 ) N-K-L K L V**H*B*Q = L ( 0 0 B13 ) P-L ( 0 0 0 ) where the K-by-K matrix A12 and L-by-L matrix B13 are nonsingular upper triangular; A23 is L-by-L upper triangular if M-K-L >= 0, otherwise A23 is (M-K)-by-L upper trapezoidal. K+L = the effective numerical rank of the (M+P)-by-N matrix (A**H,B**H)**H. This decomposition is the preprocessing step for computing the Generalized Singular Value Decomposition (GSVD), see subroutine CGGSVD3. Parameters JOBU JOBU is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': Unitary matrix U is computed; = 'N': U is not computed. JOBV JOBV is CHARACTER*1 = 'V': Unitary matrix V is computed; = 'N': V is not computed. JOBQ JOBQ is CHARACTER*1 = 'Q': Unitary matrix Q is computed; = 'N': Q is not computed. M M is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrix A. M >= 0. P P is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrix B. P >= 0. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrices A and B. N >= 0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,N) On entry, the M-by-N matrix A. On exit, A contains the triangular (or trapezoidal) matrix described in the Purpose section. LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,M). B B is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDB,N) On entry, the P-by-N matrix B. On exit, B contains the triangular matrix described in the Purpose section. LDB LDB is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array B. LDB >= max(1,P). TOLA TOLA is REAL TOLB TOLB is REAL TOLA and TOLB are the thresholds to determine the effective numerical rank of matrix B and a subblock of A. Generally, they are set to TOLA = MAX(M,N)*norm(A)*MACHEPS, TOLB = MAX(P,N)*norm(B)*MACHEPS. The size of TOLA and TOLB may affect the size of backward errors of the decomposition. K K is INTEGER L L is INTEGER On exit, K and L specify the dimension of the subblocks described in Purpose section. K + L = effective numerical rank of (A**H,B**H)**H. U U is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDU,M) If JOBU = 'U', U contains the unitary matrix U. If JOBU = 'N', U is not referenced. LDU LDU is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array U. LDU >= max(1,M) if JOBU = 'U'; LDU >= 1 otherwise. V V is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDV,P) If JOBV = 'V', V contains the unitary matrix V. If JOBV = 'N', V is not referenced. LDV LDV is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array V. LDV >= max(1,P) if JOBV = 'V'; LDV >= 1 otherwise. Q Q is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDQ,N) If JOBQ = 'Q', Q contains the unitary matrix Q. If JOBQ = 'N', Q is not referenced. LDQ LDQ is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array Q. LDQ >= max(1,N) if JOBQ = 'Q'; LDQ >= 1 otherwise. IWORK IWORK is INTEGER array, dimension (N) RWORK RWORK is REAL array, dimension (2*N) TAU TAU is COMPLEX array, dimension (N) WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK)) On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK. LWORK LWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array WORK. If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Further Details: The subroutine uses LAPACK subroutine CGEQP3 for the QR factorization with column pivoting to detect the effective numerical rank of the a matrix. It may be replaced by a better rank determination strategy. CGGSVP3 replaces the deprecated subroutine CGGSVP. subroutine cgsvj0 (character*1 JOBV, integer M, integer N, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( n ) D, real, dimension( n ) SVA, integer MV, complex, dimension( ldv, * ) V, integer LDV, real EPS, real SFMIN, real TOL, integer NSWEEP, complex, dimension( lwork ) WORK, integer LWORK, integer INFO) CGSVJ0 pre-processor for the routine cgesvj. Purpose: CGSVJ0 is called from CGESVJ as a pre-processor and that is its main purpose. It applies Jacobi rotations in the same way as CGESVJ does, but it does not check convergence (stopping criterion). Few tuning parameters (marked by [TP]) are available for the implementer. Parameters JOBV JOBV is CHARACTER*1 Specifies whether the output from this procedure is used to compute the matrix V: = 'V': the product of the Jacobi rotations is accumulated by postmulyiplying the N-by-N array V. (See the description of V.) = 'A': the product of the Jacobi rotations is accumulated by postmulyiplying the MV-by-N array V. (See the descriptions of MV and V.) = 'N': the Jacobi rotations are not accumulated. M M is INTEGER The number of rows of the input matrix A. M >= 0. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of the input matrix A. M >= N >= 0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,N) On entry, M-by-N matrix A, such that A*diag(D) represents the input matrix. On exit, A_onexit * diag(D_onexit) represents the input matrix A*diag(D) post-multiplied by a sequence of Jacobi rotations, where the rotation threshold and the total number of sweeps are given in TOL and NSWEEP, respectively. (See the descriptions of D, TOL and NSWEEP.) LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,M). D D is COMPLEX array, dimension (N) The array D accumulates the scaling factors from the complex scaled Jacobi rotations. On entry, A*diag(D) represents the input matrix. On exit, A_onexit*diag(D_onexit) represents the input matrix post-multiplied by a sequence of Jacobi rotations, where the rotation threshold and the total number of sweeps are given in TOL and NSWEEP, respectively. (See the descriptions of A, TOL and NSWEEP.) SVA SVA is REAL array, dimension (N) On entry, SVA contains the Euclidean norms of the columns of the matrix A*diag(D). On exit, SVA contains the Euclidean norms of the columns of the matrix A_onexit*diag(D_onexit). MV MV is INTEGER If JOBV = 'A', then MV rows of V are post-multipled by a sequence of Jacobi rotations. If JOBV = 'N', then MV is not referenced. V V is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDV,N) If JOBV = 'V' then N rows of V are post-multipled by a sequence of Jacobi rotations. If JOBV = 'A' then MV rows of V are post-multipled by a sequence of Jacobi rotations. If JOBV = 'N', then V is not referenced. LDV LDV is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array V, LDV >= 1. If JOBV = 'V', LDV >= N. If JOBV = 'A', LDV >= MV. EPS EPS is REAL EPS = SLAMCH('Epsilon') SFMIN SFMIN is REAL SFMIN = SLAMCH('Safe Minimum') TOL TOL is REAL TOL is the threshold for Jacobi rotations. For a pair A(:,p), A(:,q) of pivot columns, the Jacobi rotation is applied only if ABS(COS(angle(A(:,p),A(:,q)))) > TOL. NSWEEP NSWEEP is INTEGER NSWEEP is the number of sweeps of Jacobi rotations to be performed. WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (LWORK) LWORK LWORK is INTEGER LWORK is the dimension of WORK. LWORK >= M. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit. < 0: if INFO = -i, then the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Further Details: CGSVJ0 is used just to enable CGESVJ to call a simplified version of itself to work on a submatrix of the original matrix. Contributor: Zlatko Drmac (Zagreb, Croatia) Bugs, Examples and Comments: Please report all bugs and send interesting test examples and comments to drmac@math.hr. Thank you. subroutine cgsvj1 (character*1 JOBV, integer M, integer N, integer N1, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( n ) D, real, dimension( n ) SVA, integer MV, complex, dimension( ldv, * ) V, integer LDV, real EPS, real SFMIN, real TOL, integer NSWEEP, complex, dimension( lwork ) WORK, integer LWORK, integer INFO) CGSVJ1 pre-processor for the routine cgesvj, applies Jacobi rotations targeting only particular pivots. Purpose: CGSVJ1 is called from CGESVJ as a pre-processor and that is its main purpose. It applies Jacobi rotations in the same way as CGESVJ does, but it targets only particular pivots and it does not check convergence (stopping criterion). Few tuning parameters (marked by [TP]) are available for the implementer. Further Details ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ CGSVJ1 applies few sweeps of Jacobi rotations in the column space of the input M-by-N matrix A. The pivot pairs are taken from the (1,2) off-diagonal block in the corresponding N-by-N Gram matrix A^T * A. The block-entries (tiles) of the (1,2) off-diagonal block are marked by the [x]'s in the following scheme: | * * * [x] [x] [x]| | * * * [x] [x] [x]| Row-cycling in the nblr-by-nblc [x] blocks. | * * * [x] [x] [x]| Row-cyclic pivoting inside each [x] block. |[x] [x] [x] * * * | |[x] [x] [x] * * * | |[x] [x] [x] * * * | In terms of the columns of A, the first N1 columns are rotated 'against' the remaining N-N1 columns, trying to increase the angle between the corresponding subspaces. The off-diagonal block is N1-by(N-N1) and it is tiled using quadratic tiles of side KBL. Here, KBL is a tuning parameter. The number of sweeps is given in NSWEEP and the orthogonality threshold is given in TOL. Parameters JOBV JOBV is CHARACTER*1 Specifies whether the output from this procedure is used to compute the matrix V: = 'V': the product of the Jacobi rotations is accumulated by postmulyiplying the N-by-N array V. (See the description of V.) = 'A': the product of the Jacobi rotations is accumulated by postmulyiplying the MV-by-N array V. (See the descriptions of MV and V.) = 'N': the Jacobi rotations are not accumulated. M M is INTEGER The number of rows of the input matrix A. M >= 0. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of the input matrix A. M >= N >= 0. N1 N1 is INTEGER N1 specifies the 2 x 2 block partition, the first N1 columns are rotated 'against' the remaining N-N1 columns of A. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,N) On entry, M-by-N matrix A, such that A*diag(D) represents the input matrix. On exit, A_onexit * D_onexit represents the input matrix A*diag(D) post-multiplied by a sequence of Jacobi rotations, where the rotation threshold and the total number of sweeps are given in TOL and NSWEEP, respectively. (See the descriptions of N1, D, TOL and NSWEEP.) LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,M). D D is COMPLEX array, dimension (N) The array D accumulates the scaling factors from the fast scaled Jacobi rotations. On entry, A*diag(D) represents the input matrix. On exit, A_onexit*diag(D_onexit) represents the input matrix post-multiplied by a sequence of Jacobi rotations, where the rotation threshold and the total number of sweeps are given in TOL and NSWEEP, respectively. (See the descriptions of N1, A, TOL and NSWEEP.) SVA SVA is REAL array, dimension (N) On entry, SVA contains the Euclidean norms of the columns of the matrix A*diag(D). On exit, SVA contains the Euclidean norms of the columns of the matrix onexit*diag(D_onexit). MV MV is INTEGER If JOBV = 'A', then MV rows of V are post-multipled by a sequence of Jacobi rotations. If JOBV = 'N', then MV is not referenced. V V is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDV,N) If JOBV = 'V' then N rows of V are post-multipled by a sequence of Jacobi rotations. If JOBV = 'A' then MV rows of V are post-multipled by a sequence of Jacobi rotations. If JOBV = 'N', then V is not referenced. LDV LDV is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array V, LDV >= 1. If JOBV = 'V', LDV >= N. If JOBV = 'A', LDV >= MV. EPS EPS is REAL EPS = SLAMCH('Epsilon') SFMIN SFMIN is REAL SFMIN = SLAMCH('Safe Minimum') TOL TOL is REAL TOL is the threshold for Jacobi rotations. For a pair A(:,p), A(:,q) of pivot columns, the Jacobi rotation is applied only if ABS(COS(angle(A(:,p),A(:,q)))) > TOL. NSWEEP NSWEEP is INTEGER NSWEEP is the number of sweeps of Jacobi rotations to be performed. WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (LWORK) LWORK LWORK is INTEGER LWORK is the dimension of WORK. LWORK >= M. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit. < 0: if INFO = -i, then the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Contributor: Zlatko Drmac (Zagreb, Croatia) subroutine chbgst (character VECT, character UPLO, integer N, integer KA, integer KB, complex, dimension( ldab, * ) AB, integer LDAB, complex, dimension( ldbb, * ) BB, integer LDBB, complex, dimension( ldx, * ) X, integer LDX, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, real, dimension( * ) RWORK, integer INFO) CHBGST Purpose: CHBGST reduces a complex Hermitian-definite banded generalized eigenproblem A*x = lambda*B*x to standard form C*y = lambda*y, such that C has the same bandwidth as A. B must have been previously factorized as S**H*S by CPBSTF, using a split Cholesky factorization. A is overwritten by C = X**H*A*X, where X = S**(-1)*Q and Q is a unitary matrix chosen to preserve the bandwidth of A. Parameters VECT VECT is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': do not form the transformation matrix X; = 'V': form X. UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': Upper triangle of A is stored; = 'L': Lower triangle of A is stored. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrices A and B. N >= 0. KA KA is INTEGER The number of superdiagonals of the matrix A if UPLO = 'U', or the number of subdiagonals if UPLO = 'L'. KA >= 0. KB KB is INTEGER The number of superdiagonals of the matrix B if UPLO = 'U', or the number of subdiagonals if UPLO = 'L'. KA >= KB >= 0. AB AB is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDAB,N) On entry, the upper or lower triangle of the Hermitian band matrix A, stored in the first ka+1 rows of the array. The j-th column of A is stored in the j-th column of the array AB as follows: if UPLO = 'U', AB(ka+1+i-j,j) = A(i,j) for max(1,j-ka)<=i<=j; if UPLO = 'L', AB(1+i-j,j) = A(i,j) for j<=i<=min(n,j+ka). On exit, the transformed matrix X**H*A*X, stored in the same format as A. LDAB LDAB is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array AB. LDAB >= KA+1. BB BB is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDBB,N) The banded factor S from the split Cholesky factorization of B, as returned by CPBSTF, stored in the first kb+1 rows of the array. LDBB LDBB is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array BB. LDBB >= KB+1. X X is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDX,N) If VECT = 'V', the n-by-n matrix X. If VECT = 'N', the array X is not referenced. LDX LDX is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array X. LDX >= max(1,N) if VECT = 'V'; LDX >= 1 otherwise. WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (N) RWORK RWORK is REAL array, dimension (N) INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine chbtrd (character VECT, character UPLO, integer N, integer KD, complex, dimension( ldab, * ) AB, integer LDAB, real, dimension( * ) D, real, dimension( * ) E, complex, dimension( ldq, * ) Q, integer LDQ, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer INFO) CHBTRD Purpose: CHBTRD reduces a complex Hermitian band matrix A to real symmetric tridiagonal form T by a unitary similarity transformation: Q**H * A * Q = T. Parameters VECT VECT is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': do not form Q; = 'V': form Q; = 'U': update a matrix X, by forming X*Q. UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': Upper triangle of A is stored; = 'L': Lower triangle of A is stored. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. KD KD is INTEGER The number of superdiagonals of the matrix A if UPLO = 'U', or the number of subdiagonals if UPLO = 'L'. KD >= 0. AB AB is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDAB,N) On entry, the upper or lower triangle of the Hermitian band matrix A, stored in the first KD+1 rows of the array. The j-th column of A is stored in the j-th column of the array AB as follows: if UPLO = 'U', AB(kd+1+i-j,j) = A(i,j) for max(1,j-kd)<=i<=j; if UPLO = 'L', AB(1+i-j,j) = A(i,j) for j<=i<=min(n,j+kd). On exit, the diagonal elements of AB are overwritten by the diagonal elements of the tridiagonal matrix T; if KD > 0, the elements on the first superdiagonal (if UPLO = 'U') or the first subdiagonal (if UPLO = 'L') are overwritten by the off-diagonal elements of T; the rest of AB is overwritten by values generated during the reduction. LDAB LDAB is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array AB. LDAB >= KD+1. D D is REAL array, dimension (N) The diagonal elements of the tridiagonal matrix T. E E is REAL array, dimension (N-1) The off-diagonal elements of the tridiagonal matrix T: E(i) = T(i,i+1) if UPLO = 'U'; E(i) = T(i+1,i) if UPLO = 'L'. Q Q is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDQ,N) On entry, if VECT = 'U', then Q must contain an N-by-N matrix X; if VECT = 'N' or 'V', then Q need not be set. On exit: if VECT = 'V', Q contains the N-by-N unitary matrix Q; if VECT = 'U', Q contains the product X*Q; if VECT = 'N', the array Q is not referenced. LDQ LDQ is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array Q. LDQ >= 1, and LDQ >= N if VECT = 'V' or 'U'. WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (N) INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Further Details: Modified by Linda Kaufman, Bell Labs. subroutine chetrd_hb2st (character STAGE1, character VECT, character UPLO, integer N, integer KD, complex, dimension( ldab, * ) AB, integer LDAB, real, dimension( * ) D, real, dimension( * ) E, complex, dimension( * ) HOUS, integer LHOUS, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer LWORK, integer INFO) CHETRD_HB2ST reduces a complex Hermitian band matrix A to real symmetric tridiagonal form T Purpose: CHETRD_HB2ST reduces a complex Hermitian band matrix A to real symmetric tridiagonal form T by a unitary similarity transformation: Q**H * A * Q = T. Parameters STAGE1 STAGE1 is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': 'No': to mention that the stage 1 of the reduction from dense to band using the chetrd_he2hb routine was not called before this routine to reproduce AB. In other term this routine is called as standalone. = 'Y': 'Yes': to mention that the stage 1 of the reduction from dense to band using the chetrd_he2hb routine has been called to produce AB (e.g., AB is the output of chetrd_he2hb. VECT VECT is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': No need for the Housholder representation, and thus LHOUS is of size max(1, 4*N); = 'V': the Householder representation is needed to either generate or to apply Q later on, then LHOUS is to be queried and computed. (NOT AVAILABLE IN THIS RELEASE). UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': Upper triangle of A is stored; = 'L': Lower triangle of A is stored. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. KD KD is INTEGER The number of superdiagonals of the matrix A if UPLO = 'U', or the number of subdiagonals if UPLO = 'L'. KD >= 0. AB AB is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDAB,N) On entry, the upper or lower triangle of the Hermitian band matrix A, stored in the first KD+1 rows of the array. The j-th column of A is stored in the j-th column of the array AB as follows: if UPLO = 'U', AB(kd+1+i-j,j) = A(i,j) for max(1,j-kd)<=i<=j; if UPLO = 'L', AB(1+i-j,j) = A(i,j) for j<=i<=min(n,j+kd). On exit, the diagonal elements of AB are overwritten by the diagonal elements of the tridiagonal matrix T; if KD > 0, the elements on the first superdiagonal (if UPLO = 'U') or the first subdiagonal (if UPLO = 'L') are overwritten by the off-diagonal elements of T; the rest of AB is overwritten by values generated during the reduction. LDAB LDAB is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array AB. LDAB >= KD+1. D D is REAL array, dimension (N) The diagonal elements of the tridiagonal matrix T. E E is REAL array, dimension (N-1) The off-diagonal elements of the tridiagonal matrix T: E(i) = T(i,i+1) if UPLO = 'U'; E(i) = T(i+1,i) if UPLO = 'L'. HOUS HOUS is COMPLEX array, dimension LHOUS, that store the Householder representation. LHOUS LHOUS is INTEGER The dimension of the array HOUS. LHOUS = MAX(1, dimension) If LWORK = -1, or LHOUS=-1, then a query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the HOUS array, returns this value as the first entry of the HOUS array, and no error message related to LHOUS is issued by XERBLA. LHOUS = MAX(1, dimension) where dimension = 4*N if VECT='N' not available now if VECT='H' WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension LWORK. LWORK LWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array WORK. LWORK = MAX(1, dimension) If LWORK = -1, or LHOUS=-1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA. LWORK = MAX(1, dimension) where dimension = (2KD+1)*N + KD*NTHREADS where KD is the blocking size of the reduction, FACTOPTNB is the blocking used by the QR or LQ algorithm, usually FACTOPTNB=128 is a good choice NTHREADS is the number of threads used when openMP compilation is enabled, otherwise =1. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Further Details: Implemented by Azzam Haidar. All details are available on technical report, SC11, SC13 papers. Azzam Haidar, Hatem Ltaief, and Jack Dongarra. Parallel reduction to condensed forms for symmetric eigenvalue problems using aggregated fine-grained and memory-aware kernels. In Proceedings of 2011 International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis (SC '11), New York, NY, USA, Article 8 , 11 pages. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2063384.2063394 A. Haidar, J. Kurzak, P. Luszczek, 2013. An improved parallel singular value algorithm and its implementation for multicore hardware, In Proceedings of 2013 International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis (SC '13). Denver, Colorado, USA, 2013. Article 90, 12 pages. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2503210.2503292 A. Haidar, R. Solca, S. Tomov, T. Schulthess and J. Dongarra. A novel hybrid CPU-GPU generalized eigensolver for electronic structure calculations based on fine-grained memory aware tasks. International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications. Volume 28 Issue 2, Pages 196-209, May 2014. http://hpc.sagepub.com/content/28/2/196 subroutine chfrk (character TRANSR, character UPLO, character TRANS, integer N, integer K, real ALPHA, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, real BETA, complex, dimension( * ) C) CHFRK performs a Hermitian rank-k operation for matrix in RFP format. Purpose: Level 3 BLAS like routine for C in RFP Format. CHFRK performs one of the Hermitian rank--k operations C := alpha*A*A**H + beta*C, or C := alpha*A**H*A + beta*C, where alpha and beta are real scalars, C is an n--by--n Hermitian matrix and A is an n--by--k matrix in the first case and a k--by--n matrix in the second case. Parameters TRANSR TRANSR is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': The Normal Form of RFP A is stored; = 'C': The Conjugate-transpose Form of RFP A is stored. UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 On entry, UPLO specifies whether the upper or lower triangular part of the array C is to be referenced as follows: UPLO = 'U' or 'u' Only the upper triangular part of C is to be referenced. UPLO = 'L' or 'l' Only the lower triangular part of C is to be referenced. Unchanged on exit. TRANS TRANS is CHARACTER*1 On entry, TRANS specifies the operation to be performed as follows: TRANS = 'N' or 'n' C := alpha*A*A**H + beta*C. TRANS = 'C' or 'c' C := alpha*A**H*A + beta*C. Unchanged on exit. N N is INTEGER On entry, N specifies the order of the matrix C. N must be at least zero. Unchanged on exit. K K is INTEGER On entry with TRANS = 'N' or 'n', K specifies the number of columns of the matrix A, and on entry with TRANS = 'C' or 'c', K specifies the number of rows of the matrix A. K must be at least zero. Unchanged on exit. ALPHA ALPHA is REAL On entry, ALPHA specifies the scalar alpha. Unchanged on exit. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,ka) where KA is K when TRANS = 'N' or 'n', and is N otherwise. Before entry with TRANS = 'N' or 'n', the leading N--by--K part of the array A must contain the matrix A, otherwise the leading K--by--N part of the array A must contain the matrix A. Unchanged on exit. LDA LDA is INTEGER On entry, LDA specifies the first dimension of A as declared in the calling (sub) program. When TRANS = 'N' or 'n' then LDA must be at least max( 1, n ), otherwise LDA must be at least max( 1, k ). Unchanged on exit. BETA BETA is REAL On entry, BETA specifies the scalar beta. Unchanged on exit. C C is COMPLEX array, dimension (N*(N+1)/2) On entry, the matrix A in RFP Format. RFP Format is described by TRANSR, UPLO and N. Note that the imaginary parts of the diagonal elements need not be set, they are assumed to be zero, and on exit they are set to zero. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine chpcon (character UPLO, integer N, complex, dimension( * ) AP, integer, dimension( * ) IPIV, real ANORM, real RCOND, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer INFO) CHPCON Purpose: CHPCON estimates the reciprocal of the condition number of a complex Hermitian packed matrix A using the factorization A = U*D*U**H or A = L*D*L**H computed by CHPTRF. An estimate is obtained for norm(inv(A)), and the reciprocal of the condition number is computed as RCOND = 1 / (ANORM * norm(inv(A))). Parameters UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 Specifies whether the details of the factorization are stored as an upper or lower triangular matrix. = 'U': Upper triangular, form is A = U*D*U**H; = 'L': Lower triangular, form is A = L*D*L**H. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. AP AP is COMPLEX array, dimension (N*(N+1)/2) The block diagonal matrix D and the multipliers used to obtain the factor U or L as computed by CHPTRF, stored as a packed triangular matrix. IPIV IPIV is INTEGER array, dimension (N) Details of the interchanges and the block structure of D as determined by CHPTRF. ANORM ANORM is REAL The 1-norm of the original matrix A. RCOND RCOND is REAL The reciprocal of the condition number of the matrix A, computed as RCOND = 1/(ANORM * AINVNM), where AINVNM is an estimate of the 1-norm of inv(A) computed in this routine. WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (2*N) INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine chpgst (integer ITYPE, character UPLO, integer N, complex, dimension( * ) AP, complex, dimension( * ) BP, integer INFO) CHPGST Purpose: CHPGST reduces a complex Hermitian-definite generalized eigenproblem to standard form, using packed storage. If ITYPE = 1, the problem is A*x = lambda*B*x, and A is overwritten by inv(U**H)*A*inv(U) or inv(L)*A*inv(L**H) If ITYPE = 2 or 3, the problem is A*B*x = lambda*x or B*A*x = lambda*x, and A is overwritten by U*A*U**H or L**H*A*L. B must have been previously factorized as U**H*U or L*L**H by CPPTRF. Parameters ITYPE ITYPE is INTEGER = 1: compute inv(U**H)*A*inv(U) or inv(L)*A*inv(L**H); = 2 or 3: compute U*A*U**H or L**H*A*L. UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': Upper triangle of A is stored and B is factored as U**H*U; = 'L': Lower triangle of A is stored and B is factored as L*L**H. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrices A and B. N >= 0. AP AP is COMPLEX array, dimension (N*(N+1)/2) On entry, the upper or lower triangle of the Hermitian matrix A, packed columnwise in a linear array. The j-th column of A is stored in the array AP as follows: if UPLO = 'U', AP(i + (j-1)*j/2) = A(i,j) for 1<=i<=j; if UPLO = 'L', AP(i + (j-1)*(2n-j)/2) = A(i,j) for j<=i<=n. On exit, if INFO = 0, the transformed matrix, stored in the same format as A. BP BP is COMPLEX array, dimension (N*(N+1)/2) The triangular factor from the Cholesky factorization of B, stored in the same format as A, as returned by CPPTRF. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine chprfs (character UPLO, integer N, integer NRHS, complex, dimension( * ) AP, complex, dimension( * ) AFP, integer, dimension( * ) IPIV, complex, dimension( ldb, * ) B, integer LDB, complex, dimension( ldx, * ) X, integer LDX, real, dimension( * ) FERR, real, dimension( * ) BERR, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, real, dimension( * ) RWORK, integer INFO) CHPRFS Purpose: CHPRFS improves the computed solution to a system of linear equations when the coefficient matrix is Hermitian indefinite and packed, and provides error bounds and backward error estimates for the solution. Parameters UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': Upper triangle of A is stored; = 'L': Lower triangle of A is stored. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. NRHS NRHS is INTEGER The number of right hand sides, i.e., the number of columns of the matrices B and X. NRHS >= 0. AP AP is COMPLEX array, dimension (N*(N+1)/2) The upper or lower triangle of the Hermitian matrix A, packed columnwise in a linear array. The j-th column of A is stored in the array AP as follows: if UPLO = 'U', AP(i + (j-1)*j/2) = A(i,j) for 1<=i<=j; if UPLO = 'L', AP(i + (j-1)*(2*n-j)/2) = A(i,j) for j<=i<=n. AFP AFP is COMPLEX array, dimension (N*(N+1)/2) The factored form of the matrix A. AFP contains the block diagonal matrix D and the multipliers used to obtain the factor U or L from the factorization A = U*D*U**H or A = L*D*L**H as computed by CHPTRF, stored as a packed triangular matrix. IPIV IPIV is INTEGER array, dimension (N) Details of the interchanges and the block structure of D as determined by CHPTRF. B B is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDB,NRHS) The right hand side matrix B. LDB LDB is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array B. LDB >= max(1,N). X X is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDX,NRHS) On entry, the solution matrix X, as computed by CHPTRS. On exit, the improved solution matrix X. LDX LDX is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array X. LDX >= max(1,N). FERR FERR is REAL array, dimension (NRHS) The estimated forward error bound for each solution vector X(j) (the j-th column of the solution matrix X). If XTRUE is the true solution corresponding to X(j), FERR(j) is an estimated upper bound for the magnitude of the largest element in (X(j) - XTRUE) divided by the magnitude of the largest element in X(j). The estimate is as reliable as the estimate for RCOND, and is almost always a slight overestimate of the true error. BERR BERR is REAL array, dimension (NRHS) The componentwise relative backward error of each solution vector X(j) (i.e., the smallest relative change in any element of A or B that makes X(j) an exact solution). WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (2*N) RWORK RWORK is REAL array, dimension (N) INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Internal Parameters: ITMAX is the maximum number of steps of iterative refinement. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine chptrd (character UPLO, integer N, complex, dimension( * ) AP, real, dimension( * ) D, real, dimension( * ) E, complex, dimension( * ) TAU, integer INFO) CHPTRD Purpose: CHPTRD reduces a complex Hermitian matrix A stored in packed form to real symmetric tridiagonal form T by a unitary similarity transformation: Q**H * A * Q = T. Parameters UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': Upper triangle of A is stored; = 'L': Lower triangle of A is stored. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. AP AP is COMPLEX array, dimension (N*(N+1)/2) On entry, the upper or lower triangle of the Hermitian matrix A, packed columnwise in a linear array. The j-th column of A is stored in the array AP as follows: if UPLO = 'U', AP(i + (j-1)*j/2) = A(i,j) for 1<=i<=j; if UPLO = 'L', AP(i + (j-1)*(2*n-j)/2) = A(i,j) for j<=i<=n. On exit, if UPLO = 'U', the diagonal and first superdiagonal of A are overwritten by the corresponding elements of the tridiagonal matrix T, and the elements above the first superdiagonal, with the array TAU, represent the unitary matrix Q as a product of elementary reflectors; if UPLO = 'L', the diagonal and first subdiagonal of A are over- written by the corresponding elements of the tridiagonal matrix T, and the elements below the first subdiagonal, with the array TAU, represent the unitary matrix Q as a product of elementary reflectors. See Further Details. D D is REAL array, dimension (N) The diagonal elements of the tridiagonal matrix T: D(i) = A(i,i). E E is REAL array, dimension (N-1) The off-diagonal elements of the tridiagonal matrix T: E(i) = A(i,i+1) if UPLO = 'U', E(i) = A(i+1,i) if UPLO = 'L'. TAU TAU is COMPLEX array, dimension (N-1) The scalar factors of the elementary reflectors (see Further Details). INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Further Details: If UPLO = 'U', the matrix Q is represented as a product of elementary reflectors Q = H(n-1) . . . H(2) H(1). Each H(i) has the form H(i) = I - tau * v * v**H where tau is a complex scalar, and v is a complex vector with v(i+1:n) = 0 and v(i) = 1; v(1:i-1) is stored on exit in AP, overwriting A(1:i-1,i+1), and tau is stored in TAU(i). If UPLO = 'L', the matrix Q is represented as a product of elementary reflectors Q = H(1) H(2) . . . H(n-1). Each H(i) has the form H(i) = I - tau * v * v**H where tau is a complex scalar, and v is a complex vector with v(1:i) = 0 and v(i+1) = 1; v(i+2:n) is stored on exit in AP, overwriting A(i+2:n,i), and tau is stored in TAU(i). subroutine chptrf (character UPLO, integer N, complex, dimension( * ) AP, integer, dimension( * ) IPIV, integer INFO) CHPTRF Purpose: CHPTRF computes the factorization of a complex Hermitian packed matrix A using the Bunch-Kaufman diagonal pivoting method: A = U*D*U**H or A = L*D*L**H where U (or L) is a product of permutation and unit upper (lower) triangular matrices, and D is Hermitian and block diagonal with 1-by-1 and 2-by-2 diagonal blocks. Parameters UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': Upper triangle of A is stored; = 'L': Lower triangle of A is stored. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. AP AP is COMPLEX array, dimension (N*(N+1)/2) On entry, the upper or lower triangle of the Hermitian matrix A, packed columnwise in a linear array. The j-th column of A is stored in the array AP as follows: if UPLO = 'U', AP(i + (j-1)*j/2) = A(i,j) for 1<=i<=j; if UPLO = 'L', AP(i + (j-1)*(2n-j)/2) = A(i,j) for j<=i<=n. On exit, the block diagonal matrix D and the multipliers used to obtain the factor U or L, stored as a packed triangular matrix overwriting A (see below for further details). IPIV IPIV is INTEGER array, dimension (N) Details of the interchanges and the block structure of D. If IPIV(k) > 0, then rows and columns k and IPIV(k) were interchanged and D(k,k) is a 1-by-1 diagonal block. If UPLO = 'U' and IPIV(k) = IPIV(k-1) < 0, then rows and columns k-1 and -IPIV(k) were interchanged and D(k-1:k,k-1:k) is a 2-by-2 diagonal block. If UPLO = 'L' and IPIV(k) = IPIV(k+1) < 0, then rows and columns k+1 and -IPIV(k) were interchanged and D(k:k+1,k:k+1) is a 2-by-2 diagonal block. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value > 0: if INFO = i, D(i,i) is exactly zero. The factorization has been completed, but the block diagonal matrix D is exactly singular, and division by zero will occur if it is used to solve a system of equations. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Further Details: If UPLO = 'U', then A = U*D*U**H, where U = P(n)*U(n)* ... *P(k)U(k)* ..., i.e., U is a product of terms P(k)*U(k), where k decreases from n to 1 in steps of 1 or 2, and D is a block diagonal matrix with 1-by-1 and 2-by-2 diagonal blocks D(k). P(k) is a permutation matrix as defined by IPIV(k), and U(k) is a unit upper triangular matrix, such that if the diagonal block D(k) is of order s (s = 1 or 2), then ( I v 0 ) k-s U(k) = ( 0 I 0 ) s ( 0 0 I ) n-k k-s s n-k If s = 1, D(k) overwrites A(k,k), and v overwrites A(1:k-1,k). If s = 2, the upper triangle of D(k) overwrites A(k-1,k-1), A(k-1,k), and A(k,k), and v overwrites A(1:k-2,k-1:k). If UPLO = 'L', then A = L*D*L**H, where L = P(1)*L(1)* ... *P(k)*L(k)* ..., i.e., L is a product of terms P(k)*L(k), where k increases from 1 to n in steps of 1 or 2, and D is a block diagonal matrix with 1-by-1 and 2-by-2 diagonal blocks D(k). P(k) is a permutation matrix as defined by IPIV(k), and L(k) is a unit lower triangular matrix, such that if the diagonal block D(k) is of order s (s = 1 or 2), then ( I 0 0 ) k-1 L(k) = ( 0 I 0 ) s ( 0 v I ) n-k-s+1 k-1 s n-k-s+1 If s = 1, D(k) overwrites A(k,k), and v overwrites A(k+1:n,k). If s = 2, the lower triangle of D(k) overwrites A(k,k), A(k+1,k), and A(k+1,k+1), and v overwrites A(k+2:n,k:k+1). Contributors: J. Lewis, Boeing Computer Services Company subroutine chptri (character UPLO, integer N, complex, dimension( * ) AP, integer, dimension( * ) IPIV, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer INFO) CHPTRI Purpose: CHPTRI computes the inverse of a complex Hermitian indefinite matrix A in packed storage using the factorization A = U*D*U**H or A = L*D*L**H computed by CHPTRF. Parameters UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 Specifies whether the details of the factorization are stored as an upper or lower triangular matrix. = 'U': Upper triangular, form is A = U*D*U**H; = 'L': Lower triangular, form is A = L*D*L**H. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. AP AP is COMPLEX array, dimension (N*(N+1)/2) On entry, the block diagonal matrix D and the multipliers used to obtain the factor U or L as computed by CHPTRF, stored as a packed triangular matrix. On exit, if INFO = 0, the (Hermitian) inverse of the original matrix, stored as a packed triangular matrix. The j-th column of inv(A) is stored in the array AP as follows: if UPLO = 'U', AP(i + (j-1)*j/2) = inv(A)(i,j) for 1<=i<=j; if UPLO = 'L', AP(i + (j-1)*(2n-j)/2) = inv(A)(i,j) for j<=i<=n. IPIV IPIV is INTEGER array, dimension (N) Details of the interchanges and the block structure of D as determined by CHPTRF. WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (N) INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value > 0: if INFO = i, D(i,i) = 0; the matrix is singular and its inverse could not be computed. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine chptrs (character UPLO, integer N, integer NRHS, complex, dimension( * ) AP, integer, dimension( * ) IPIV, complex, dimension( ldb, * ) B, integer LDB, integer INFO) CHPTRS Purpose: CHPTRS solves a system of linear equations A*X = B with a complex Hermitian matrix A stored in packed format using the factorization A = U*D*U**H or A = L*D*L**H computed by CHPTRF. Parameters UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 Specifies whether the details of the factorization are stored as an upper or lower triangular matrix. = 'U': Upper triangular, form is A = U*D*U**H; = 'L': Lower triangular, form is A = L*D*L**H. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. NRHS NRHS is INTEGER The number of right hand sides, i.e., the number of columns of the matrix B. NRHS >= 0. AP AP is COMPLEX array, dimension (N*(N+1)/2) The block diagonal matrix D and the multipliers used to obtain the factor U or L as computed by CHPTRF, stored as a packed triangular matrix. IPIV IPIV is INTEGER array, dimension (N) Details of the interchanges and the block structure of D as determined by CHPTRF. B B is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDB,NRHS) On entry, the right hand side matrix B. On exit, the solution matrix X. LDB LDB is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array B. LDB >= max(1,N). INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine chsein (character SIDE, character EIGSRC, character INITV, logical, dimension( * ) SELECT, integer N, complex, dimension( ldh, * ) H, integer LDH, complex, dimension( * ) W, complex, dimension( ldvl, * ) VL, integer LDVL, complex, dimension( ldvr, * ) VR, integer LDVR, integer MM, integer M, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, real, dimension( * ) RWORK, integer, dimension( * ) IFAILL, integer, dimension( * ) IFAILR, integer INFO) CHSEIN Purpose: CHSEIN uses inverse iteration to find specified right and/or left eigenvectors of a complex upper Hessenberg matrix H. The right eigenvector x and the left eigenvector y of the matrix H corresponding to an eigenvalue w are defined by: H * x = w * x, y**h * H = w * y**h where y**h denotes the conjugate transpose of the vector y. Parameters SIDE SIDE is CHARACTER*1 = 'R': compute right eigenvectors only; = 'L': compute left eigenvectors only; = 'B': compute both right and left eigenvectors. EIGSRC EIGSRC is CHARACTER*1 Specifies the source of eigenvalues supplied in W: = 'Q': the eigenvalues were found using CHSEQR; thus, if H has zero subdiagonal elements, and so is block-triangular, then the j-th eigenvalue can be assumed to be an eigenvalue of the block containing the j-th row/column. This property allows CHSEIN to perform inverse iteration on just one diagonal block. = 'N': no assumptions are made on the correspondence between eigenvalues and diagonal blocks. In this case, CHSEIN must always perform inverse iteration using the whole matrix H. INITV INITV is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': no initial vectors are supplied; = 'U': user-supplied initial vectors are stored in the arrays VL and/or VR. SELECT SELECT is LOGICAL array, dimension (N) Specifies the eigenvectors to be computed. To select the eigenvector corresponding to the eigenvalue W(j), SELECT(j) must be set to .TRUE.. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix H. N >= 0. H H is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDH,N) The upper Hessenberg matrix H. If a NaN is detected in H, the routine will return with INFO=-6. LDH LDH is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array H. LDH >= max(1,N). W W is COMPLEX array, dimension (N) On entry, the eigenvalues of H. On exit, the real parts of W may have been altered since close eigenvalues are perturbed slightly in searching for independent eigenvectors. VL VL is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDVL,MM) On entry, if INITV = 'U' and SIDE = 'L' or 'B', VL must contain starting vectors for the inverse iteration for the left eigenvectors; the starting vector for each eigenvector must be in the same column in which the eigenvector will be stored. On exit, if SIDE = 'L' or 'B', the left eigenvectors specified by SELECT will be stored consecutively in the columns of VL, in the same order as their eigenvalues. If SIDE = 'R', VL is not referenced. LDVL LDVL is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array VL. LDVL >= max(1,N) if SIDE = 'L' or 'B'; LDVL >= 1 otherwise. VR VR is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDVR,MM) On entry, if INITV = 'U' and SIDE = 'R' or 'B', VR must contain starting vectors for the inverse iteration for the right eigenvectors; the starting vector for each eigenvector must be in the same column in which the eigenvector will be stored. On exit, if SIDE = 'R' or 'B', the right eigenvectors specified by SELECT will be stored consecutively in the columns of VR, in the same order as their eigenvalues. If SIDE = 'L', VR is not referenced. LDVR LDVR is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array VR. LDVR >= max(1,N) if SIDE = 'R' or 'B'; LDVR >= 1 otherwise. MM MM is INTEGER The number of columns in the arrays VL and/or VR. MM >= M. M M is INTEGER The number of columns in the arrays VL and/or VR required to store the eigenvectors (= the number of .TRUE. elements in SELECT). WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (N*N) RWORK RWORK is REAL array, dimension (N) IFAILL IFAILL is INTEGER array, dimension (MM) If SIDE = 'L' or 'B', IFAILL(i) = j > 0 if the left eigenvector in the i-th column of VL (corresponding to the eigenvalue w(j)) failed to converge; IFAILL(i) = 0 if the eigenvector converged satisfactorily. If SIDE = 'R', IFAILL is not referenced. IFAILR IFAILR is INTEGER array, dimension (MM) If SIDE = 'R' or 'B', IFAILR(i) = j > 0 if the right eigenvector in the i-th column of VR (corresponding to the eigenvalue w(j)) failed to converge; IFAILR(i) = 0 if the eigenvector converged satisfactorily. If SIDE = 'L', IFAILR is not referenced. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value > 0: if INFO = i, i is the number of eigenvectors which failed to converge; see IFAILL and IFAILR for further details. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Further Details: Each eigenvector is normalized so that the element of largest magnitude has magnitude 1; here the magnitude of a complex number (x,y) is taken to be |x|+|y|. subroutine chseqr (character JOB, character COMPZ, integer N, integer ILO, integer IHI, complex, dimension( ldh, * ) H, integer LDH, complex, dimension( * ) W, complex, dimension( ldz, * ) Z, integer LDZ, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer LWORK, integer INFO) CHSEQR Purpose: CHSEQR computes the eigenvalues of a Hessenberg matrix H and, optionally, the matrices T and Z from the Schur decomposition H = Z T Z**H, where T is an upper triangular matrix (the Schur form), and Z is the unitary matrix of Schur vectors. Optionally Z may be postmultiplied into an input unitary matrix Q so that this routine can give the Schur factorization of a matrix A which has been reduced to the Hessenberg form H by the unitary matrix Q: A = Q*H*Q**H = (QZ)*T*(QZ)**H. Parameters JOB JOB is CHARACTER*1 = 'E': compute eigenvalues only; = 'S': compute eigenvalues and the Schur form T. COMPZ COMPZ is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': no Schur vectors are computed; = 'I': Z is initialized to the unit matrix and the matrix Z of Schur vectors of H is returned; = 'V': Z must contain an unitary matrix Q on entry, and the product Q*Z is returned. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix H. N >= 0. ILO ILO is INTEGER IHI IHI is INTEGER It is assumed that H is already upper triangular in rows and columns 1:ILO-1 and IHI+1:N. ILO and IHI are normally set by a previous call to CGEBAL, and then passed to ZGEHRD when the matrix output by CGEBAL is reduced to Hessenberg form. Otherwise ILO and IHI should be set to 1 and N respectively. If N > 0, then 1 <= ILO <= IHI <= N. If N = 0, then ILO = 1 and IHI = 0. H H is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDH,N) On entry, the upper Hessenberg matrix H. On exit, if INFO = 0 and JOB = 'S', H contains the upper triangular matrix T from the Schur decomposition (the Schur form). If INFO = 0 and JOB = 'E', the contents of H are unspecified on exit. (The output value of H when INFO > 0 is given under the description of INFO below.) Unlike earlier versions of CHSEQR, this subroutine may explicitly H(i,j) = 0 for i > j and j = 1, 2, ... ILO-1 or j = IHI+1, IHI+2, ... N. LDH LDH is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array H. LDH >= max(1,N). W W is COMPLEX array, dimension (N) The computed eigenvalues. If JOB = 'S', the eigenvalues are stored in the same order as on the diagonal of the Schur form returned in H, with W(i) = H(i,i). Z Z is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDZ,N) If COMPZ = 'N', Z is not referenced. If COMPZ = 'I', on entry Z need not be set and on exit, if INFO = 0, Z contains the unitary matrix Z of the Schur vectors of H. If COMPZ = 'V', on entry Z must contain an N-by-N matrix Q, which is assumed to be equal to the unit matrix except for the submatrix Z(ILO:IHI,ILO:IHI). On exit, if INFO = 0, Z contains Q*Z. Normally Q is the unitary matrix generated by CUNGHR after the call to CGEHRD which formed the Hessenberg matrix H. (The output value of Z when INFO > 0 is given under the description of INFO below.) LDZ LDZ is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array Z. if COMPZ = 'I' or COMPZ = 'V', then LDZ >= MAX(1,N). Otherwise, LDZ >= 1. WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (LWORK) On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns an estimate of the optimal value for LWORK. LWORK LWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array WORK. LWORK >= max(1,N) is sufficient and delivers very good and sometimes optimal performance. However, LWORK as large as 11*N may be required for optimal performance. A workspace query is recommended to determine the optimal workspace size. If LWORK = -1, then CHSEQR does a workspace query. In this case, CHSEQR checks the input parameters and estimates the optimal workspace size for the given values of N, ILO and IHI. The estimate is returned in WORK(1). No error message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA. Neither H nor Z are accessed. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value > 0: if INFO = i, CHSEQR failed to compute all of the eigenvalues. Elements 1:ilo-1 and i+1:n of W contain those eigenvalues which have been successfully computed. (Failures are rare.) If INFO > 0 and JOB = 'E', then on exit, the remaining unconverged eigenvalues are the eigen- values of the upper Hessenberg matrix rows and columns ILO through INFO of the final, output value of H. If INFO > 0 and JOB = 'S', then on exit (*) (initial value of H)*U = U*(final value of H) where U is a unitary matrix. The final value of H is upper Hessenberg and triangular in rows and columns INFO+1 through IHI. If INFO > 0 and COMPZ = 'V', then on exit (final value of Z) = (initial value of Z)*U where U is the unitary matrix in (*) (regard- less of the value of JOB.) If INFO > 0 and COMPZ = 'I', then on exit (final value of Z) = U where U is the unitary matrix in (*) (regard- less of the value of JOB.) If INFO > 0 and COMPZ = 'N', then Z is not accessed. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Contributors: Karen Braman and Ralph Byers, Department of Mathematics, University of Kansas, USA Further Details: Default values supplied by ILAENV(ISPEC,'CHSEQR',JOB(:1)//COMPZ(:1),N,ILO,IHI,LWORK). It is suggested that these defaults be adjusted in order to attain best performance in each particular computational environment. ISPEC=12: The CLAHQR vs CLAQR0 crossover point. Default: 75. (Must be at least 11.) ISPEC=13: Recommended deflation window size. This depends on ILO, IHI and NS. NS is the number of simultaneous shifts returned by ILAENV(ISPEC=15). (See ISPEC=15 below.) The default for (IHI-ILO+1) <= 500 is NS. The default for (IHI-ILO+1) > 500 is 3*NS/2. ISPEC=14: Nibble crossover point. (See IPARMQ for details.) Default: 14% of deflation window size. ISPEC=15: Number of simultaneous shifts in a multishift QR iteration. If IHI-ILO+1 is ... greater than ...but less ... the or equal to ... than default is 1 30 NS = 2(+) 30 60 NS = 4(+) 60 150 NS = 10(+) 150 590 NS = ** 590 3000 NS = 64 3000 6000 NS = 128 6000 infinity NS = 256 (+) By default some or all matrices of this order are passed to the implicit double shift routine CLAHQR and this parameter is ignored. See ISPEC=12 above and comments in IPARMQ for details. (**) The asterisks (**) indicate an ad-hoc function of N increasing from 10 to 64. ISPEC=16: Select structured matrix multiply. If the number of simultaneous shifts (specified by ISPEC=15) is less than 14, then the default for ISPEC=16 is 0. Otherwise the default for ISPEC=16 is 2. References: K. Braman, R. Byers and R. Mathias, The Multi-Shift QR Algorithm Part I: Maintaining Well Focused Shifts, and Level 3 Performance, SIAM Journal of Matrix Analysis, volume 23, pages 929--947, 2002. K. Braman, R. Byers and R. Mathias, The Multi-Shift QR Algorithm Part II: Aggressive Early Deflation, SIAM Journal of Matrix Analysis, volume 23, pages 948--973, 2002. subroutine cla_lin_berr (integer N, integer NZ, integer NRHS, complex, dimension( n, nrhs ) RES, real, dimension( n, nrhs ) AYB, real, dimension( nrhs ) BERR) CLA_LIN_BERR computes a component-wise relative backward error. Purpose: CLA_LIN_BERR computes componentwise relative backward error from the formula max(i) ( abs(R(i)) / ( abs(op(A_s))*abs(Y) + abs(B_s) )(i) ) where abs(Z) is the componentwise absolute value of the matrix or vector Z. Parameters N N is INTEGER The number of linear equations, i.e., the order of the matrix A. N >= 0. NZ NZ is INTEGER We add (NZ+1)*SLAMCH( 'Safe minimum' ) to R(i) in the numerator to guard against spuriously zero residuals. Default value is N. NRHS NRHS is INTEGER The number of right hand sides, i.e., the number of columns of the matrices AYB, RES, and BERR. NRHS >= 0. RES RES is COMPLEX array, dimension (N,NRHS) The residual matrix, i.e., the matrix R in the relative backward error formula above. AYB AYB is REAL array, dimension (N, NRHS) The denominator in the relative backward error formula above, i.e., the matrix abs(op(A_s))*abs(Y) + abs(B_s). The matrices A, Y, and B are from iterative refinement (see cla_gerfsx_extended.f). BERR BERR is REAL array, dimension (NRHS) The componentwise relative backward error from the formula above. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cla_wwaddw (integer N, complex, dimension( * ) X, complex, dimension( * ) Y, complex, dimension( * ) W) CLA_WWADDW adds a vector into a doubled-single vector. Purpose: CLA_WWADDW adds a vector W into a doubled-single vector (X, Y). This works for all extant IBM's hex and binary floating point arithmetic, but not for decimal. Parameters N N is INTEGER The length of vectors X, Y, and W. X X is COMPLEX array, dimension (N) The first part of the doubled-single accumulation vector. Y Y is COMPLEX array, dimension (N) The second part of the doubled-single accumulation vector. W W is COMPLEX array, dimension (N) The vector to be added. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine claed0 (integer QSIZ, integer N, real, dimension( * ) D, real, dimension( * ) E, complex, dimension( ldq, * ) Q, integer LDQ, complex, dimension( ldqs, * ) QSTORE, integer LDQS, real, dimension( * ) RWORK, integer, dimension( * ) IWORK, integer INFO) CLAED0 used by CSTEDC. Computes all eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors of an unreduced symmetric tridiagonal matrix using the divide and conquer method. Purpose: Using the divide and conquer method, CLAED0 computes all eigenvalues of a symmetric tridiagonal matrix which is one diagonal block of those from reducing a dense or band Hermitian matrix and corresponding eigenvectors of the dense or band matrix. Parameters QSIZ QSIZ is INTEGER The dimension of the unitary matrix used to reduce the full matrix to tridiagonal form. QSIZ >= N if ICOMPQ = 1. N N is INTEGER The dimension of the symmetric tridiagonal matrix. N >= 0. D D is REAL array, dimension (N) On entry, the diagonal elements of the tridiagonal matrix. On exit, the eigenvalues in ascending order. E E is REAL array, dimension (N-1) On entry, the off-diagonal elements of the tridiagonal matrix. On exit, E has been destroyed. Q Q is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDQ,N) On entry, Q must contain an QSIZ x N matrix whose columns unitarily orthonormal. It is a part of the unitary matrix that reduces the full dense Hermitian matrix to a (reducible) symmetric tridiagonal matrix. LDQ LDQ is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array Q. LDQ >= max(1,N). IWORK IWORK is INTEGER array, the dimension of IWORK must be at least 6 + 6*N + 5*N*lg N ( lg( N ) = smallest integer k such that 2^k >= N ) RWORK RWORK is REAL array, dimension (1 + 3*N + 2*N*lg N + 3*N**2) ( lg( N ) = smallest integer k such that 2^k >= N ) QSTORE QSTORE is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDQS, N) Used to store parts of the eigenvector matrix when the updating matrix multiplies take place. LDQS LDQS is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array QSTORE. LDQS >= max(1,N). INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit. < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value. > 0: The algorithm failed to compute an eigenvalue while working on the submatrix lying in rows and columns INFO/(N+1) through mod(INFO,N+1). Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine claed7 (integer N, integer CUTPNT, integer QSIZ, integer TLVLS, integer CURLVL, integer CURPBM, real, dimension( * ) D, complex, dimension( ldq, * ) Q, integer LDQ, real RHO, integer, dimension( * ) INDXQ, real, dimension( * ) QSTORE, integer, dimension( * ) QPTR, integer, dimension( * ) PRMPTR, integer, dimension( * ) PERM, integer, dimension( * ) GIVPTR, integer, dimension( 2, * ) GIVCOL, real, dimension( 2, * ) GIVNUM, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, real, dimension( * ) RWORK, integer, dimension( * ) IWORK, integer INFO) CLAED7 used by CSTEDC. Computes the updated eigensystem of a diagonal matrix after modification by a rank-one symmetric matrix. Used when the original matrix is dense. Purpose: CLAED7 computes the updated eigensystem of a diagonal matrix after modification by a rank-one symmetric matrix. This routine is used only for the eigenproblem which requires all eigenvalues and optionally eigenvectors of a dense or banded Hermitian matrix that has been reduced to tridiagonal form. T = Q(in) ( D(in) + RHO * Z*Z**H ) Q**H(in) = Q(out) * D(out) * Q**H(out) where Z = Q**Hu, u is a vector of length N with ones in the CUTPNT and CUTPNT + 1 th elements and zeros elsewhere. The eigenvectors of the original matrix are stored in Q, and the eigenvalues are in D. The algorithm consists of three stages: The first stage consists of deflating the size of the problem when there are multiple eigenvalues or if there is a zero in the Z vector. For each such occurrence the dimension of the secular equation problem is reduced by one. This stage is performed by the routine SLAED2. The second stage consists of calculating the updated eigenvalues. This is done by finding the roots of the secular equation via the routine SLAED4 (as called by SLAED3). This routine also calculates the eigenvectors of the current problem. The final stage consists of computing the updated eigenvectors directly using the updated eigenvalues. The eigenvectors for the current problem are multiplied with the eigenvectors from the overall problem. Parameters N N is INTEGER The dimension of the symmetric tridiagonal matrix. N >= 0. CUTPNT CUTPNT is INTEGER Contains the location of the last eigenvalue in the leading sub-matrix. min(1,N) <= CUTPNT <= N. QSIZ QSIZ is INTEGER The dimension of the unitary matrix used to reduce the full matrix to tridiagonal form. QSIZ >= N. TLVLS TLVLS is INTEGER The total number of merging levels in the overall divide and conquer tree. CURLVL CURLVL is INTEGER The current level in the overall merge routine, 0 <= curlvl <= tlvls. CURPBM CURPBM is INTEGER The current problem in the current level in the overall merge routine (counting from upper left to lower right). D D is REAL array, dimension (N) On entry, the eigenvalues of the rank-1-perturbed matrix. On exit, the eigenvalues of the repaired matrix. Q Q is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDQ,N) On entry, the eigenvectors of the rank-1-perturbed matrix. On exit, the eigenvectors of the repaired tridiagonal matrix. LDQ LDQ is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array Q. LDQ >= max(1,N). RHO RHO is REAL Contains the subdiagonal element used to create the rank-1 modification. INDXQ INDXQ is INTEGER array, dimension (N) This contains the permutation which will reintegrate the subproblem just solved back into sorted order, ie. D( INDXQ( I = 1, N ) ) will be in ascending order. IWORK IWORK is INTEGER array, dimension (4*N) RWORK RWORK is REAL array, dimension (3*N+2*QSIZ*N) WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (QSIZ*N) QSTORE QSTORE is REAL array, dimension (N**2+1) Stores eigenvectors of submatrices encountered during divide and conquer, packed together. QPTR points to beginning of the submatrices. QPTR QPTR is INTEGER array, dimension (N+2) List of indices pointing to beginning of submatrices stored in QSTORE. The submatrices are numbered starting at the bottom left of the divide and conquer tree, from left to right and bottom to top. PRMPTR PRMPTR is INTEGER array, dimension (N lg N) Contains a list of pointers which indicate where in PERM a level's permutation is stored. PRMPTR(i+1) - PRMPTR(i) indicates the size of the permutation and also the size of the full, non-deflated problem. PERM PERM is INTEGER array, dimension (N lg N) Contains the permutations (from deflation and sorting) to be applied to each eigenblock. GIVPTR GIVPTR is INTEGER array, dimension (N lg N) Contains a list of pointers which indicate where in GIVCOL a level's Givens rotations are stored. GIVPTR(i+1) - GIVPTR(i) indicates the number of Givens rotations. GIVCOL GIVCOL is INTEGER array, dimension (2, N lg N) Each pair of numbers indicates a pair of columns to take place in a Givens rotation. GIVNUM GIVNUM is REAL array, dimension (2, N lg N) Each number indicates the S value to be used in the corresponding Givens rotation. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit. < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value. > 0: if INFO = 1, an eigenvalue did not converge Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine claed8 (integer K, integer N, integer QSIZ, complex, dimension( ldq, * ) Q, integer LDQ, real, dimension( * ) D, real RHO, integer CUTPNT, real, dimension( * ) Z, real, dimension( * ) DLAMDA, complex, dimension( ldq2, * ) Q2, integer LDQ2, real, dimension( * ) W, integer, dimension( * ) INDXP, integer, dimension( * ) INDX, integer, dimension( * ) INDXQ, integer, dimension( * ) PERM, integer GIVPTR, integer, dimension( 2, * ) GIVCOL, real, dimension( 2, * ) GIVNUM, integer INFO) CLAED8 used by CSTEDC. Merges eigenvalues and deflates secular equation. Used when the original matrix is dense. Purpose: CLAED8 merges the two sets of eigenvalues together into a single sorted set. Then it tries to deflate the size of the problem. There are two ways in which deflation can occur: when two or more eigenvalues are close together or if there is a tiny element in the Z vector. For each such occurrence the order of the related secular equation problem is reduced by one. Parameters K K is INTEGER Contains the number of non-deflated eigenvalues. This is the order of the related secular equation. N N is INTEGER The dimension of the symmetric tridiagonal matrix. N >= 0. QSIZ QSIZ is INTEGER The dimension of the unitary matrix used to reduce the dense or band matrix to tridiagonal form. QSIZ >= N if ICOMPQ = 1. Q Q is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDQ,N) On entry, Q contains the eigenvectors of the partially solved system which has been previously updated in matrix multiplies with other partially solved eigensystems. On exit, Q contains the trailing (N-K) updated eigenvectors (those which were deflated) in its last N-K columns. LDQ LDQ is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array Q. LDQ >= max( 1, N ). D D is REAL array, dimension (N) On entry, D contains the eigenvalues of the two submatrices to be combined. On exit, D contains the trailing (N-K) updated eigenvalues (those which were deflated) sorted into increasing order. RHO RHO is REAL Contains the off diagonal element associated with the rank-1 cut which originally split the two submatrices which are now being recombined. RHO is modified during the computation to the value required by SLAED3. CUTPNT CUTPNT is INTEGER Contains the location of the last eigenvalue in the leading sub-matrix. MIN(1,N) <= CUTPNT <= N. Z Z is REAL array, dimension (N) On input this vector contains the updating vector (the last row of the first sub-eigenvector matrix and the first row of the second sub-eigenvector matrix). The contents of Z are destroyed during the updating process. DLAMDA DLAMDA is REAL array, dimension (N) Contains a copy of the first K eigenvalues which will be used by SLAED3 to form the secular equation. Q2 Q2 is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDQ2,N) If ICOMPQ = 0, Q2 is not referenced. Otherwise, Contains a copy of the first K eigenvectors which will be used by SLAED7 in a matrix multiply (SGEMM) to update the new eigenvectors. LDQ2 LDQ2 is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array Q2. LDQ2 >= max( 1, N ). W W is REAL array, dimension (N) This will hold the first k values of the final deflation-altered z-vector and will be passed to SLAED3. INDXP INDXP is INTEGER array, dimension (N) This will contain the permutation used to place deflated values of D at the end of the array. On output INDXP(1:K) points to the nondeflated D-values and INDXP(K+1:N) points to the deflated eigenvalues. INDX INDX is INTEGER array, dimension (N) This will contain the permutation used to sort the contents of D into ascending order. INDXQ INDXQ is INTEGER array, dimension (N) This contains the permutation which separately sorts the two sub-problems in D into ascending order. Note that elements in the second half of this permutation must first have CUTPNT added to their values in order to be accurate. PERM PERM is INTEGER array, dimension (N) Contains the permutations (from deflation and sorting) to be applied to each eigenblock. GIVPTR GIVPTR is INTEGER Contains the number of Givens rotations which took place in this subproblem. GIVCOL GIVCOL is INTEGER array, dimension (2, N) Each pair of numbers indicates a pair of columns to take place in a Givens rotation. GIVNUM GIVNUM is REAL array, dimension (2, N) Each number indicates the S value to be used in the corresponding Givens rotation. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit. < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine clals0 (integer ICOMPQ, integer NL, integer NR, integer SQRE, integer NRHS, complex, dimension( ldb, * ) B, integer LDB, complex, dimension( ldbx, * ) BX, integer LDBX, integer, dimension( * ) PERM, integer GIVPTR, integer, dimension( ldgcol, * ) GIVCOL, integer LDGCOL, real, dimension( ldgnum, * ) GIVNUM, integer LDGNUM, real, dimension( ldgnum, * ) POLES, real, dimension( * ) DIFL, real, dimension( ldgnum, * ) DIFR, real, dimension( * ) Z, integer K, real C, real S, real, dimension( * ) RWORK, integer INFO) CLALS0 applies back multiplying factors in solving the least squares problem using divide and conquer SVD approach. Used by sgelsd. Purpose: CLALS0 applies back the multiplying factors of either the left or the right singular vector matrix of a diagonal matrix appended by a row to the right hand side matrix B in solving the least squares problem using the divide-and-conquer SVD approach. For the left singular vector matrix, three types of orthogonal matrices are involved: (1L) Givens rotations: the number of such rotations is GIVPTR; the pairs of columns/rows they were applied to are stored in GIVCOL; and the C- and S-values of these rotations are stored in GIVNUM. (2L) Permutation. The (NL+1)-st row of B is to be moved to the first row, and for J=2:N, PERM(J)-th row of B is to be moved to the J-th row. (3L) The left singular vector matrix of the remaining matrix. For the right singular vector matrix, four types of orthogonal matrices are involved: (1R) The right singular vector matrix of the remaining matrix. (2R) If SQRE = 1, one extra Givens rotation to generate the right null space. (3R) The inverse transformation of (2L). (4R) The inverse transformation of (1L). Parameters ICOMPQ ICOMPQ is INTEGER Specifies whether singular vectors are to be computed in factored form: = 0: Left singular vector matrix. = 1: Right singular vector matrix. NL NL is INTEGER The row dimension of the upper block. NL >= 1. NR NR is INTEGER The row dimension of the lower block. NR >= 1. SQRE SQRE is INTEGER = 0: the lower block is an NR-by-NR square matrix. = 1: the lower block is an NR-by-(NR+1) rectangular matrix. The bidiagonal matrix has row dimension N = NL + NR + 1, and column dimension M = N + SQRE. NRHS NRHS is INTEGER The number of columns of B and BX. NRHS must be at least 1. B B is COMPLEX array, dimension ( LDB, NRHS ) On input, B contains the right hand sides of the least squares problem in rows 1 through M. On output, B contains the solution X in rows 1 through N. LDB LDB is INTEGER The leading dimension of B. LDB must be at least max(1,MAX( M, N ) ). BX BX is COMPLEX array, dimension ( LDBX, NRHS ) LDBX LDBX is INTEGER The leading dimension of BX. PERM PERM is INTEGER array, dimension ( N ) The permutations (from deflation and sorting) applied to the two blocks. GIVPTR GIVPTR is INTEGER The number of Givens rotations which took place in this subproblem. GIVCOL GIVCOL is INTEGER array, dimension ( LDGCOL, 2 ) Each pair of numbers indicates a pair of rows/columns involved in a Givens rotation. LDGCOL LDGCOL is INTEGER The leading dimension of GIVCOL, must be at least N. GIVNUM GIVNUM is REAL array, dimension ( LDGNUM, 2 ) Each number indicates the C or S value used in the corresponding Givens rotation. LDGNUM LDGNUM is INTEGER The leading dimension of arrays DIFR, POLES and GIVNUM, must be at least K. POLES POLES is REAL array, dimension ( LDGNUM, 2 ) On entry, POLES(1:K, 1) contains the new singular values obtained from solving the secular equation, and POLES(1:K, 2) is an array containing the poles in the secular equation. DIFL DIFL is REAL array, dimension ( K ). On entry, DIFL(I) is the distance between I-th updated (undeflated) singular value and the I-th (undeflated) old singular value. DIFR DIFR is REAL array, dimension ( LDGNUM, 2 ). On entry, DIFR(I, 1) contains the distances between I-th updated (undeflated) singular value and the I+1-th (undeflated) old singular value. And DIFR(I, 2) is the normalizing factor for the I-th right singular vector. Z Z is REAL array, dimension ( K ) Contain the components of the deflation-adjusted updating row vector. K K is INTEGER Contains the dimension of the non-deflated matrix, This is the order of the related secular equation. 1 <= K <=N. C C is REAL C contains garbage if SQRE =0 and the C-value of a Givens rotation related to the right null space if SQRE = 1. S S is REAL S contains garbage if SQRE =0 and the S-value of a Givens rotation related to the right null space if SQRE = 1. RWORK RWORK is REAL array, dimension ( K*(1+NRHS) + 2*NRHS ) INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit. < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Contributors: Ming Gu and Ren-Cang Li, Computer Science Division, University of California at Berkeley, USA Osni Marques, LBNL/NERSC, USA subroutine clalsa (integer ICOMPQ, integer SMLSIZ, integer N, integer NRHS, complex, dimension( ldb, * ) B, integer LDB, complex, dimension( ldbx, * ) BX, integer LDBX, real, dimension( ldu, * ) U, integer LDU, real, dimension( ldu, * ) VT, integer, dimension( * ) K, real, dimension( ldu, * ) DIFL, real, dimension( ldu, * ) DIFR, real, dimension( ldu, * ) Z, real, dimension( ldu, * ) POLES, integer, dimension( * ) GIVPTR, integer, dimension( ldgcol, * ) GIVCOL, integer LDGCOL, integer, dimension( ldgcol, * ) PERM, real, dimension( ldu, * ) GIVNUM, real, dimension( * ) C, real, dimension( * ) S, real, dimension( * ) RWORK, integer, dimension( * ) IWORK, integer INFO) CLALSA computes the SVD of the coefficient matrix in compact form. Used by sgelsd. Purpose: CLALSA is an itermediate step in solving the least squares problem by computing the SVD of the coefficient matrix in compact form (The singular vectors are computed as products of simple orthorgonal matrices.). If ICOMPQ = 0, CLALSA applies the inverse of the left singular vector matrix of an upper bidiagonal matrix to the right hand side; and if ICOMPQ = 1, CLALSA applies the right singular vector matrix to the right hand side. The singular vector matrices were generated in compact form by CLALSA. Parameters ICOMPQ ICOMPQ is INTEGER Specifies whether the left or the right singular vector matrix is involved. = 0: Left singular vector matrix = 1: Right singular vector matrix SMLSIZ SMLSIZ is INTEGER The maximum size of the subproblems at the bottom of the computation tree. N N is INTEGER The row and column dimensions of the upper bidiagonal matrix. NRHS NRHS is INTEGER The number of columns of B and BX. NRHS must be at least 1. B B is COMPLEX array, dimension ( LDB, NRHS ) On input, B contains the right hand sides of the least squares problem in rows 1 through M. On output, B contains the solution X in rows 1 through N. LDB LDB is INTEGER The leading dimension of B in the calling subprogram. LDB must be at least max(1,MAX( M, N ) ). BX BX is COMPLEX array, dimension ( LDBX, NRHS ) On exit, the result of applying the left or right singular vector matrix to B. LDBX LDBX is INTEGER The leading dimension of BX. U U is REAL array, dimension ( LDU, SMLSIZ ). On entry, U contains the left singular vector matrices of all subproblems at the bottom level. LDU LDU is INTEGER, LDU = > N. The leading dimension of arrays U, VT, DIFL, DIFR, POLES, GIVNUM, and Z. VT VT is REAL array, dimension ( LDU, SMLSIZ+1 ). On entry, VT**H contains the right singular vector matrices of all subproblems at the bottom level. K K is INTEGER array, dimension ( N ). DIFL DIFL is REAL array, dimension ( LDU, NLVL ). where NLVL = INT(log_2 (N/(SMLSIZ+1))) + 1. DIFR DIFR is REAL array, dimension ( LDU, 2 * NLVL ). On entry, DIFL(*, I) and DIFR(*, 2 * I -1) record distances between singular values on the I-th level and singular values on the (I -1)-th level, and DIFR(*, 2 * I) record the normalizing factors of the right singular vectors matrices of subproblems on I-th level. Z Z is REAL array, dimension ( LDU, NLVL ). On entry, Z(1, I) contains the components of the deflation- adjusted updating row vector for subproblems on the I-th level. POLES POLES is REAL array, dimension ( LDU, 2 * NLVL ). On entry, POLES(*, 2 * I -1: 2 * I) contains the new and old singular values involved in the secular equations on the I-th level. GIVPTR GIVPTR is INTEGER array, dimension ( N ). On entry, GIVPTR( I ) records the number of Givens rotations performed on the I-th problem on the computation tree. GIVCOL GIVCOL is INTEGER array, dimension ( LDGCOL, 2 * NLVL ). On entry, for each I, GIVCOL(*, 2 * I - 1: 2 * I) records the locations of Givens rotations performed on the I-th level on the computation tree. LDGCOL LDGCOL is INTEGER, LDGCOL = > N. The leading dimension of arrays GIVCOL and PERM. PERM PERM is INTEGER array, dimension ( LDGCOL, NLVL ). On entry, PERM(*, I) records permutations done on the I-th level of the computation tree. GIVNUM GIVNUM is REAL array, dimension ( LDU, 2 * NLVL ). On entry, GIVNUM(*, 2 *I -1 : 2 * I) records the C- and S- values of Givens rotations performed on the I-th level on the computation tree. C C is REAL array, dimension ( N ). On entry, if the I-th subproblem is not square, C( I ) contains the C-value of a Givens rotation related to the right null space of the I-th subproblem. S S is REAL array, dimension ( N ). On entry, if the I-th subproblem is not square, S( I ) contains the S-value of a Givens rotation related to the right null space of the I-th subproblem. RWORK RWORK is REAL array, dimension at least MAX( (SMLSZ+1)*NRHS*3, N*(1+NRHS) + 2*NRHS ). IWORK IWORK is INTEGER array, dimension (3*N) INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit. < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Contributors: Ming Gu and Ren-Cang Li, Computer Science Division, University of California at Berkeley, USA Osni Marques, LBNL/NERSC, USA subroutine clalsd (character UPLO, integer SMLSIZ, integer N, integer NRHS, real, dimension( * ) D, real, dimension( * ) E, complex, dimension( ldb, * ) B, integer LDB, real RCOND, integer RANK, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, real, dimension( * ) RWORK, integer, dimension( * ) IWORK, integer INFO) CLALSD uses the singular value decomposition of A to solve the least squares problem. Purpose: CLALSD uses the singular value decomposition of A to solve the least squares problem of finding X to minimize the Euclidean norm of each column of A*X-B, where A is N-by-N upper bidiagonal, and X and B are N-by-NRHS. The solution X overwrites B. The singular values of A smaller than RCOND times the largest singular value are treated as zero in solving the least squares problem; in this case a minimum norm solution is returned. The actual singular values are returned in D in ascending order. This code makes very mild assumptions about floating point arithmetic. It will work on machines with a guard digit in add/subtract, or on those binary machines without guard digits which subtract like the Cray XMP, Cray YMP, Cray C 90, or Cray 2. It could conceivably fail on hexadecimal or decimal machines without guard digits, but we know of none. Parameters UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': D and E define an upper bidiagonal matrix. = 'L': D and E define a lower bidiagonal matrix. SMLSIZ SMLSIZ is INTEGER The maximum size of the subproblems at the bottom of the computation tree. N N is INTEGER The dimension of the bidiagonal matrix. N >= 0. NRHS NRHS is INTEGER The number of columns of B. NRHS must be at least 1. D D is REAL array, dimension (N) On entry D contains the main diagonal of the bidiagonal matrix. On exit, if INFO = 0, D contains its singular values. E E is REAL array, dimension (N-1) Contains the super-diagonal entries of the bidiagonal matrix. On exit, E has been destroyed. B B is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDB,NRHS) On input, B contains the right hand sides of the least squares problem. On output, B contains the solution X. LDB LDB is INTEGER The leading dimension of B in the calling subprogram. LDB must be at least max(1,N). RCOND RCOND is REAL The singular values of A less than or equal to RCOND times the largest singular value are treated as zero in solving the least squares problem. If RCOND is negative, machine precision is used instead. For example, if diag(S)*X=B were the least squares problem, where diag(S) is a diagonal matrix of singular values, the solution would be X(i) = B(i) / S(i) if S(i) is greater than RCOND*max(S), and X(i) = 0 if S(i) is less than or equal to RCOND*max(S). RANK RANK is INTEGER The number of singular values of A greater than RCOND times the largest singular value. WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (N * NRHS). RWORK RWORK is REAL array, dimension at least (9*N + 2*N*SMLSIZ + 8*N*NLVL + 3*SMLSIZ*NRHS + MAX( (SMLSIZ+1)**2, N*(1+NRHS) + 2*NRHS ), where NLVL = MAX( 0, INT( LOG_2( MIN( M,N )/(SMLSIZ+1) ) ) + 1 ) IWORK IWORK is INTEGER array, dimension (3*N*NLVL + 11*N). INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit. < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value. > 0: The algorithm failed to compute a singular value while working on the submatrix lying in rows and columns INFO/(N+1) through MOD(INFO,N+1). Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Contributors: Ming Gu and Ren-Cang Li, Computer Science Division, University of California at Berkeley, USA Osni Marques, LBNL/NERSC, USA real function clanhf (character NORM, character TRANSR, character UPLO, integer N, complex, dimension( 0: * ) A, real, dimension( 0: * ) WORK) CLANHF returns the value of the 1-norm, or the Frobenius norm, or the infinity norm, or the element of largest absolute value of a Hermitian matrix in RFP format. Purpose: CLANHF returns the value of the one norm, or the Frobenius norm, or the infinity norm, or the element of largest absolute value of a complex Hermitian matrix A in RFP format. Returns CLANHF CLANHF = ( max(abs(A(i,j))), NORM = 'M' or 'm' ( ( norm1(A), NORM = '1', 'O' or 'o' ( ( normI(A), NORM = 'I' or 'i' ( ( normF(A), NORM = 'F', 'f', 'E' or 'e' where norm1 denotes the one norm of a matrix (maximum column sum), normI denotes the infinity norm of a matrix (maximum row sum) and normF denotes the Frobenius norm of a matrix (square root of sum of squares). Note that max(abs(A(i,j))) is not a matrix norm. Parameters NORM NORM is CHARACTER Specifies the value to be returned in CLANHF as described above. TRANSR TRANSR is CHARACTER Specifies whether the RFP format of A is normal or conjugate-transposed format. = 'N': RFP format is Normal = 'C': RFP format is Conjugate-transposed UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER On entry, UPLO specifies whether the RFP matrix A came from an upper or lower triangular matrix as follows: UPLO = 'U' or 'u' RFP A came from an upper triangular matrix UPLO = 'L' or 'l' RFP A came from a lower triangular matrix N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. When N = 0, CLANHF is set to zero. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension ( N*(N+1)/2 ); On entry, the matrix A in RFP Format. RFP Format is described by TRANSR, UPLO and N as follows: If TRANSR='N' then RFP A is (0:N,0:K-1) when N is even; K=N/2. RFP A is (0:N-1,0:K) when N is odd; K=N/2. If TRANSR = 'C' then RFP is the Conjugate-transpose of RFP A as defined when TRANSR = 'N'. The contents of RFP A are defined by UPLO as follows: If UPLO = 'U' the RFP A contains the ( N*(N+1)/2 ) elements of upper packed A either in normal or conjugate-transpose Format. If UPLO = 'L' the RFP A contains the ( N*(N+1) /2 ) elements of lower packed A either in normal or conjugate-transpose Format. The LDA of RFP A is (N+1)/2 when TRANSR = 'C'. When TRANSR is 'N' the LDA is N+1 when N is even and is N when is odd. See the Note below for more details. Unchanged on exit. WORK WORK is REAL array, dimension (LWORK), where LWORK >= N when NORM = 'I' or '1' or 'O'; otherwise, WORK is not referenced. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Further Details: We first consider Standard Packed Format when N is even. We give an example where N = 6. AP is Upper AP is Lower 00 01 02 03 04 05 00 11 12 13 14 15 10 11 22 23 24 25 20 21 22 33 34 35 30 31 32 33 44 45 40 41 42 43 44 55 50 51 52 53 54 55 Let TRANSR = 'N'. RFP holds AP as follows: For UPLO = 'U' the upper trapezoid A(0:5,0:2) consists of the last three columns of AP upper. The lower triangle A(4:6,0:2) consists of conjugate-transpose of the first three columns of AP upper. For UPLO = 'L' the lower trapezoid A(1:6,0:2) consists of the first three columns of AP lower. The upper triangle A(0:2,0:2) consists of conjugate-transpose of the last three columns of AP lower. To denote conjugate we place -- above the element. This covers the case N even and TRANSR = 'N'. RFP A RFP A -- -- -- 03 04 05 33 43 53 -- -- 13 14 15 00 44 54 -- 23 24 25 10 11 55 33 34 35 20 21 22 -- 00 44 45 30 31 32 -- -- 01 11 55 40 41 42 -- -- -- 02 12 22 50 51 52 Now let TRANSR = 'C'. RFP A in both UPLO cases is just the conjugate- transpose of RFP A above. One therefore gets: RFP A RFP A -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 03 13 23 33 00 01 02 33 00 10 20 30 40 50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 04 14 24 34 44 11 12 43 44 11 21 31 41 51 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 05 15 25 35 45 55 22 53 54 55 22 32 42 52 We next consider Standard Packed Format when N is odd. We give an example where N = 5. AP is Upper AP is Lower 00 01 02 03 04 00 11 12 13 14 10 11 22 23 24 20 21 22 33 34 30 31 32 33 44 40 41 42 43 44 Let TRANSR = 'N'. RFP holds AP as follows: For UPLO = 'U' the upper trapezoid A(0:4,0:2) consists of the last three columns of AP upper. The lower triangle A(3:4,0:1) consists of conjugate-transpose of the first two columns of AP upper. For UPLO = 'L' the lower trapezoid A(0:4,0:2) consists of the first three columns of AP lower. The upper triangle A(0:1,1:2) consists of conjugate-transpose of the last two columns of AP lower. To denote conjugate we place -- above the element. This covers the case N odd and TRANSR = 'N'. RFP A RFP A -- -- 02 03 04 00 33 43 -- 12 13 14 10 11 44 22 23 24 20 21 22 -- 00 33 34 30 31 32 -- -- 01 11 44 40 41 42 Now let TRANSR = 'C'. RFP A in both UPLO cases is just the conjugate- transpose of RFP A above. One therefore gets: RFP A RFP A -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 02 12 22 00 01 00 10 20 30 40 50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 03 13 23 33 11 33 11 21 31 41 51 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 04 14 24 34 44 43 44 22 32 42 52 subroutine clarscl2 (integer M, integer N, real, dimension( * ) D, complex, dimension( ldx, * ) X, integer LDX) CLARSCL2 performs reciprocal diagonal scaling on a matrix. Purpose: CLARSCL2 performs a reciprocal diagonal scaling on a matrix: x <-- inv(D) * x where the REAL diagonal matrix D is stored as a vector. Eventually to be replaced by BLAS_cge_diag_scale in the new BLAS standard. Parameters M M is INTEGER The number of rows of D and X. M >= 0. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of X. N >= 0. D D is REAL array, length M Diagonal matrix D, stored as a vector of length M. X X is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDX,N) On entry, the matrix X to be scaled by D. On exit, the scaled matrix. LDX LDX is INTEGER The leading dimension of the matrix X. LDX >= M. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine clarz (character SIDE, integer M, integer N, integer L, complex, dimension( * ) V, integer INCV, complex TAU, complex, dimension( ldc, * ) C, integer LDC, complex, dimension( * ) WORK) CLARZ applies an elementary reflector (as returned by stzrzf) to a general matrix. Purpose: CLARZ applies a complex elementary reflector H to a complex M-by-N matrix C, from either the left or the right. H is represented in the form H = I - tau * v * v**H where tau is a complex scalar and v is a complex vector. If tau = 0, then H is taken to be the unit matrix. To apply H**H (the conjugate transpose of H), supply conjg(tau) instead tau. H is a product of k elementary reflectors as returned by CTZRZF. Parameters SIDE SIDE is CHARACTER*1 = 'L': form H * C = 'R': form C * H M M is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrix C. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix C. L L is INTEGER The number of entries of the vector V containing the meaningful part of the Householder vectors. If SIDE = 'L', M >= L >= 0, if SIDE = 'R', N >= L >= 0. V V is COMPLEX array, dimension (1+(L-1)*abs(INCV)) The vector v in the representation of H as returned by CTZRZF. V is not used if TAU = 0. INCV INCV is INTEGER The increment between elements of v. INCV <> 0. TAU TAU is COMPLEX The value tau in the representation of H. C C is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDC,N) On entry, the M-by-N matrix C. On exit, C is overwritten by the matrix H * C if SIDE = 'L', or C * H if SIDE = 'R'. LDC LDC is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array C. LDC >= max(1,M). WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (N) if SIDE = 'L' or (M) if SIDE = 'R' Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Contributors: A. Petitet, Computer Science Dept., Univ. of Tenn., Knoxville, USA Further Details: subroutine clarzb (character SIDE, character TRANS, character DIRECT, character STOREV, integer M, integer N, integer K, integer L, complex, dimension( ldv, * ) V, integer LDV, complex, dimension( ldt, * ) T, integer LDT, complex, dimension( ldc, * ) C, integer LDC, complex, dimension( ldwork, * ) WORK, integer LDWORK) CLARZB applies a block reflector or its conjugate-transpose to a general matrix. Purpose: CLARZB applies a complex block reflector H or its transpose H**H to a complex distributed M-by-N C from the left or the right. Currently, only STOREV = 'R' and DIRECT = 'B' are supported. Parameters SIDE SIDE is CHARACTER*1 = 'L': apply H or H**H from the Left = 'R': apply H or H**H from the Right TRANS TRANS is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': apply H (No transpose) = 'C': apply H**H (Conjugate transpose) DIRECT DIRECT is CHARACTER*1 Indicates how H is formed from a product of elementary reflectors = 'F': H = H(1) H(2) . . . H(k) (Forward, not supported yet) = 'B': H = H(k) . . . H(2) H(1) (Backward) STOREV STOREV is CHARACTER*1 Indicates how the vectors which define the elementary reflectors are stored: = 'C': Columnwise (not supported yet) = 'R': Rowwise M M is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrix C. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix C. K K is INTEGER The order of the matrix T (= the number of elementary reflectors whose product defines the block reflector). L L is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix V containing the meaningful part of the Householder reflectors. If SIDE = 'L', M >= L >= 0, if SIDE = 'R', N >= L >= 0. V V is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDV,NV). If STOREV = 'C', NV = K; if STOREV = 'R', NV = L. LDV LDV is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array V. If STOREV = 'C', LDV >= L; if STOREV = 'R', LDV >= K. T T is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDT,K) The triangular K-by-K matrix T in the representation of the block reflector. LDT LDT is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array T. LDT >= K. C C is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDC,N) On entry, the M-by-N matrix C. On exit, C is overwritten by H*C or H**H*C or C*H or C*H**H. LDC LDC is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array C. LDC >= max(1,M). WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDWORK,K) LDWORK LDWORK is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array WORK. If SIDE = 'L', LDWORK >= max(1,N); if SIDE = 'R', LDWORK >= max(1,M). Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Contributors: A. Petitet, Computer Science Dept., Univ. of Tenn., Knoxville, USA Further Details: subroutine clarzt (character DIRECT, character STOREV, integer N, integer K, complex, dimension( ldv, * ) V, integer LDV, complex, dimension( * ) TAU, complex, dimension( ldt, * ) T, integer LDT) CLARZT forms the triangular factor T of a block reflector H = I - vtvH. Purpose: CLARZT forms the triangular factor T of a complex block reflector H of order > n, which is defined as a product of k elementary reflectors. If DIRECT = 'F', H = H(1) H(2) . . . H(k) and T is upper triangular; If DIRECT = 'B', H = H(k) . . . H(2) H(1) and T is lower triangular. If STOREV = 'C', the vector which defines the elementary reflector H(i) is stored in the i-th column of the array V, and H = I - V * T * V**H If STOREV = 'R', the vector which defines the elementary reflector H(i) is stored in the i-th row of the array V, and H = I - V**H * T * V Currently, only STOREV = 'R' and DIRECT = 'B' are supported. Parameters DIRECT DIRECT is CHARACTER*1 Specifies the order in which the elementary reflectors are multiplied to form the block reflector: = 'F': H = H(1) H(2) . . . H(k) (Forward, not supported yet) = 'B': H = H(k) . . . H(2) H(1) (Backward) STOREV STOREV is CHARACTER*1 Specifies how the vectors which define the elementary reflectors are stored (see also Further Details): = 'C': columnwise (not supported yet) = 'R': rowwise N N is INTEGER The order of the block reflector H. N >= 0. K K is INTEGER The order of the triangular factor T (= the number of elementary reflectors). K >= 1. V V is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDV,K) if STOREV = 'C' (LDV,N) if STOREV = 'R' The matrix V. See further details. LDV LDV is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array V. If STOREV = 'C', LDV >= max(1,N); if STOREV = 'R', LDV >= K. TAU TAU is COMPLEX array, dimension (K) TAU(i) must contain the scalar factor of the elementary reflector H(i). T T is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDT,K) The k by k triangular factor T of the block reflector. If DIRECT = 'F', T is upper triangular; if DIRECT = 'B', T is lower triangular. The rest of the array is not used. LDT LDT is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array T. LDT >= K. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Contributors: A. Petitet, Computer Science Dept., Univ. of Tenn., Knoxville, USA Further Details: The shape of the matrix V and the storage of the vectors which define the H(i) is best illustrated by the following example with n = 5 and k = 3. The elements equal to 1 are not stored; the corresponding array elements are modified but restored on exit. The rest of the array is not used. DIRECT = 'F' and STOREV = 'C': DIRECT = 'F' and STOREV = 'R': ______V_____ ( v1 v2 v3 ) / \ ( v1 v2 v3 ) ( v1 v1 v1 v1 v1 . . . . 1 ) V = ( v1 v2 v3 ) ( v2 v2 v2 v2 v2 . . . 1 ) ( v1 v2 v3 ) ( v3 v3 v3 v3 v3 . . 1 ) ( v1 v2 v3 ) . . . . . . 1 . . 1 . 1 DIRECT = 'B' and STOREV = 'C': DIRECT = 'B' and STOREV = 'R': ______V_____ 1 / \ . 1 ( 1 . . . . v1 v1 v1 v1 v1 ) . . 1 ( . 1 . . . v2 v2 v2 v2 v2 ) . . . ( . . 1 . . v3 v3 v3 v3 v3 ) . . . ( v1 v2 v3 ) ( v1 v2 v3 ) V = ( v1 v2 v3 ) ( v1 v2 v3 ) ( v1 v2 v3 ) subroutine clascl2 (integer M, integer N, real, dimension( * ) D, complex, dimension( ldx, * ) X, integer LDX) CLASCL2 performs diagonal scaling on a matrix. Purpose: CLASCL2 performs a diagonal scaling on a matrix: x <-- D * x where the diagonal REAL matrix D is stored as a matrix. Eventually to be replaced by BLAS_cge_diag_scale in the new BLAS standard. Parameters M M is INTEGER The number of rows of D and X. M >= 0. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of X. N >= 0. D D is REAL array, length M Diagonal matrix D, stored as a vector of length M. X X is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDX,N) On entry, the matrix X to be scaled by D. On exit, the scaled matrix. LDX LDX is INTEGER The leading dimension of the matrix X. LDX >= M. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine clatrz (integer M, integer N, integer L, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( * ) TAU, complex, dimension( * ) WORK) CLATRZ factors an upper trapezoidal matrix by means of unitary transformations. Purpose: CLATRZ factors the M-by-(M+L) complex upper trapezoidal matrix [ A1 A2 ] = [ A(1:M,1:M) A(1:M,N-L+1:N) ] as ( R 0 ) * Z by means of unitary transformations, where Z is an (M+L)-by-(M+L) unitary matrix and, R and A1 are M-by-M upper triangular matrices. Parameters M M is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrix A. M >= 0. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix A. N >= 0. L L is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix A containing the meaningful part of the Householder vectors. N-M >= L >= 0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,N) On entry, the leading M-by-N upper trapezoidal part of the array A must contain the matrix to be factorized. On exit, the leading M-by-M upper triangular part of A contains the upper triangular matrix R, and elements N-L+1 to N of the first M rows of A, with the array TAU, represent the unitary matrix Z as a product of M elementary reflectors. LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,M). TAU TAU is COMPLEX array, dimension (M) The scalar factors of the elementary reflectors. WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (M) Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Contributors: A. Petitet, Computer Science Dept., Univ. of Tenn., Knoxville, USA Further Details: The factorization is obtained by Householder's method. The kth transformation matrix, Z( k ), which is used to introduce zeros into the ( m - k + 1 )th row of A, is given in the form Z( k ) = ( I 0 ), ( 0 T( k ) ) where T( k ) = I - tau*u( k )*u( k )**H, u( k ) = ( 1 ), ( 0 ) ( z( k ) ) tau is a scalar and z( k ) is an l element vector. tau and z( k ) are chosen to annihilate the elements of the kth row of A2. The scalar tau is returned in the kth element of TAU and the vector u( k ) in the kth row of A2, such that the elements of z( k ) are in a( k, l + 1 ), ..., a( k, n ). The elements of R are returned in the upper triangular part of A1. Z is given by Z = Z( 1 ) * Z( 2 ) * ... * Z( m ). subroutine cpbcon (character UPLO, integer N, integer KD, complex, dimension( ldab, * ) AB, integer LDAB, real ANORM, real RCOND, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, real, dimension( * ) RWORK, integer INFO) CPBCON Purpose: CPBCON estimates the reciprocal of the condition number (in the 1-norm) of a complex Hermitian positive definite band matrix using the Cholesky factorization A = U**H*U or A = L*L**H computed by CPBTRF. An estimate is obtained for norm(inv(A)), and the reciprocal of the condition number is computed as RCOND = 1 / (ANORM * norm(inv(A))). Parameters UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': Upper triangular factor stored in AB; = 'L': Lower triangular factor stored in AB. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. KD KD is INTEGER The number of superdiagonals of the matrix A if UPLO = 'U', or the number of sub-diagonals if UPLO = 'L'. KD >= 0. AB AB is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDAB,N) The triangular factor U or L from the Cholesky factorization A = U**H*U or A = L*L**H of the band matrix A, stored in the first KD+1 rows of the array. The j-th column of U or L is stored in the j-th column of the array AB as follows: if UPLO ='U', AB(kd+1+i-j,j) = U(i,j) for max(1,j-kd)<=i<=j; if UPLO ='L', AB(1+i-j,j) = L(i,j) for j<=i<=min(n,j+kd). LDAB LDAB is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array AB. LDAB >= KD+1. ANORM ANORM is REAL The 1-norm (or infinity-norm) of the Hermitian band matrix A. RCOND RCOND is REAL The reciprocal of the condition number of the matrix A, computed as RCOND = 1/(ANORM * AINVNM), where AINVNM is an estimate of the 1-norm of inv(A) computed in this routine. WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (2*N) RWORK RWORK is REAL array, dimension (N) INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cpbequ (character UPLO, integer N, integer KD, complex, dimension( ldab, * ) AB, integer LDAB, real, dimension( * ) S, real SCOND, real AMAX, integer INFO) CPBEQU Purpose: CPBEQU computes row and column scalings intended to equilibrate a Hermitian positive definite band matrix A and reduce its condition number (with respect to the two-norm). S contains the scale factors, S(i) = 1/sqrt(A(i,i)), chosen so that the scaled matrix B with elements B(i,j) = S(i)*A(i,j)*S(j) has ones on the diagonal. This choice of S puts the condition number of B within a factor N of the smallest possible condition number over all possible diagonal scalings. Parameters UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': Upper triangular of A is stored; = 'L': Lower triangular of A is stored. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. KD KD is INTEGER The number of superdiagonals of the matrix A if UPLO = 'U', or the number of subdiagonals if UPLO = 'L'. KD >= 0. AB AB is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDAB,N) The upper or lower triangle of the Hermitian band matrix A, stored in the first KD+1 rows of the array. The j-th column of A is stored in the j-th column of the array AB as follows: if UPLO = 'U', AB(kd+1+i-j,j) = A(i,j) for max(1,j-kd)<=i<=j; if UPLO = 'L', AB(1+i-j,j) = A(i,j) for j<=i<=min(n,j+kd). LDAB LDAB is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. LDAB >= KD+1. S S is REAL array, dimension (N) If INFO = 0, S contains the scale factors for A. SCOND SCOND is REAL If INFO = 0, S contains the ratio of the smallest S(i) to the largest S(i). If SCOND >= 0.1 and AMAX is neither too large nor too small, it is not worth scaling by S. AMAX AMAX is REAL Absolute value of largest matrix element. If AMAX is very close to overflow or very close to underflow, the matrix should be scaled. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value. > 0: if INFO = i, the i-th diagonal element is nonpositive. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cpbrfs (character UPLO, integer N, integer KD, integer NRHS, complex, dimension( ldab, * ) AB, integer LDAB, complex, dimension( ldafb, * ) AFB, integer LDAFB, complex, dimension( ldb, * ) B, integer LDB, complex, dimension( ldx, * ) X, integer LDX, real, dimension( * ) FERR, real, dimension( * ) BERR, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, real, dimension( * ) RWORK, integer INFO) CPBRFS Purpose: CPBRFS improves the computed solution to a system of linear equations when the coefficient matrix is Hermitian positive definite and banded, and provides error bounds and backward error estimates for the solution. Parameters UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': Upper triangle of A is stored; = 'L': Lower triangle of A is stored. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. KD KD is INTEGER The number of superdiagonals of the matrix A if UPLO = 'U', or the number of subdiagonals if UPLO = 'L'. KD >= 0. NRHS NRHS is INTEGER The number of right hand sides, i.e., the number of columns of the matrices B and X. NRHS >= 0. AB AB is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDAB,N) The upper or lower triangle of the Hermitian band matrix A, stored in the first KD+1 rows of the array. The j-th column of A is stored in the j-th column of the array AB as follows: if UPLO = 'U', AB(kd+1+i-j,j) = A(i,j) for max(1,j-kd)<=i<=j; if UPLO = 'L', AB(1+i-j,j) = A(i,j) for j<=i<=min(n,j+kd). LDAB LDAB is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array AB. LDAB >= KD+1. AFB AFB is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDAFB,N) The triangular factor U or L from the Cholesky factorization A = U**H*U or A = L*L**H of the band matrix A as computed by CPBTRF, in the same storage format as A (see AB). LDAFB LDAFB is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array AFB. LDAFB >= KD+1. B B is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDB,NRHS) The right hand side matrix B. LDB LDB is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array B. LDB >= max(1,N). X X is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDX,NRHS) On entry, the solution matrix X, as computed by CPBTRS. On exit, the improved solution matrix X. LDX LDX is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array X. LDX >= max(1,N). FERR FERR is REAL array, dimension (NRHS) The estimated forward error bound for each solution vector X(j) (the j-th column of the solution matrix X). If XTRUE is the true solution corresponding to X(j), FERR(j) is an estimated upper bound for the magnitude of the largest element in (X(j) - XTRUE) divided by the magnitude of the largest element in X(j). The estimate is as reliable as the estimate for RCOND, and is almost always a slight overestimate of the true error. BERR BERR is REAL array, dimension (NRHS) The componentwise relative backward error of each solution vector X(j) (i.e., the smallest relative change in any element of A or B that makes X(j) an exact solution). WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (2*N) RWORK RWORK is REAL array, dimension (N) INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Internal Parameters: ITMAX is the maximum number of steps of iterative refinement. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cpbstf (character UPLO, integer N, integer KD, complex, dimension( ldab, * ) AB, integer LDAB, integer INFO) CPBSTF Purpose: CPBSTF computes a split Cholesky factorization of a complex Hermitian positive definite band matrix A. This routine is designed to be used in conjunction with CHBGST. The factorization has the form A = S**H*S where S is a band matrix of the same bandwidth as A and the following structure: S = ( U ) ( M L ) where U is upper triangular of order m = (n+kd)/2, and L is lower triangular of order n-m. Parameters UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': Upper triangle of A is stored; = 'L': Lower triangle of A is stored. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. KD KD is INTEGER The number of superdiagonals of the matrix A if UPLO = 'U', or the number of subdiagonals if UPLO = 'L'. KD >= 0. AB AB is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDAB,N) On entry, the upper or lower triangle of the Hermitian band matrix A, stored in the first kd+1 rows of the array. The j-th column of A is stored in the j-th column of the array AB as follows: if UPLO = 'U', AB(kd+1+i-j,j) = A(i,j) for max(1,j-kd)<=i<=j; if UPLO = 'L', AB(1+i-j,j) = A(i,j) for j<=i<=min(n,j+kd). On exit, if INFO = 0, the factor S from the split Cholesky factorization A = S**H*S. See Further Details. LDAB LDAB is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array AB. LDAB >= KD+1. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value > 0: if INFO = i, the factorization could not be completed, because the updated element a(i,i) was negative; the matrix A is not positive definite. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Further Details: The band storage scheme is illustrated by the following example, when N = 7, KD = 2: S = ( s11 s12 s13 ) ( s22 s23 s24 ) ( s33 s34 ) ( s44 ) ( s53 s54 s55 ) ( s64 s65 s66 ) ( s75 s76 s77 ) If UPLO = 'U', the array AB holds: on entry: on exit: * * a13 a24 a35 a46 a57 * * s13 s24 s53**H s64**H s75**H * a12 a23 a34 a45 a56 a67 * s12 s23 s34 s54**H s65**H s76**H a11 a22 a33 a44 a55 a66 a77 s11 s22 s33 s44 s55 s66 s77 If UPLO = 'L', the array AB holds: on entry: on exit: a11 a22 a33 a44 a55 a66 a77 s11 s22 s33 s44 s55 s66 s77 a21 a32 a43 a54 a65 a76 * s12**H s23**H s34**H s54 s65 s76 * a31 a42 a53 a64 a64 * * s13**H s24**H s53 s64 s75 * * Array elements marked * are not used by the routine; s12**H denotes conjg(s12); the diagonal elements of S are real. subroutine cpbtf2 (character UPLO, integer N, integer KD, complex, dimension( ldab, * ) AB, integer LDAB, integer INFO) CPBTF2 computes the Cholesky factorization of a symmetric/Hermitian positive definite band matrix (unblocked algorithm). Purpose: CPBTF2 computes the Cholesky factorization of a complex Hermitian positive definite band matrix A. The factorization has the form A = U**H * U , if UPLO = 'U', or A = L * L**H, if UPLO = 'L', where U is an upper triangular matrix, U**H is the conjugate transpose of U, and L is lower triangular. This is the unblocked version of the algorithm, calling Level 2 BLAS. Parameters UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 Specifies whether the upper or lower triangular part of the Hermitian matrix A is stored: = 'U': Upper triangular = 'L': Lower triangular N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. KD KD is INTEGER The number of super-diagonals of the matrix A if UPLO = 'U', or the number of sub-diagonals if UPLO = 'L'. KD >= 0. AB AB is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDAB,N) On entry, the upper or lower triangle of the Hermitian band matrix A, stored in the first KD+1 rows of the array. The j-th column of A is stored in the j-th column of the array AB as follows: if UPLO = 'U', AB(kd+1+i-j,j) = A(i,j) for max(1,j-kd)<=i<=j; if UPLO = 'L', AB(1+i-j,j) = A(i,j) for j<=i<=min(n,j+kd). On exit, if INFO = 0, the triangular factor U or L from the Cholesky factorization A = U**H *U or A = L*L**H of the band matrix A, in the same storage format as A. LDAB LDAB is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array AB. LDAB >= KD+1. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -k, the k-th argument had an illegal value > 0: if INFO = k, the leading minor of order k is not positive definite, and the factorization could not be completed. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Further Details: The band storage scheme is illustrated by the following example, when N = 6, KD = 2, and UPLO = 'U': On entry: On exit: * * a13 a24 a35 a46 * * u13 u24 u35 u46 * a12 a23 a34 a45 a56 * u12 u23 u34 u45 u56 a11 a22 a33 a44 a55 a66 u11 u22 u33 u44 u55 u66 Similarly, if UPLO = 'L' the format of A is as follows: On entry: On exit: a11 a22 a33 a44 a55 a66 l11 l22 l33 l44 l55 l66 a21 a32 a43 a54 a65 * l21 l32 l43 l54 l65 * a31 a42 a53 a64 * * l31 l42 l53 l64 * * Array elements marked * are not used by the routine. subroutine cpbtrf (character UPLO, integer N, integer KD, complex, dimension( ldab, * ) AB, integer LDAB, integer INFO) CPBTRF Purpose: CPBTRF computes the Cholesky factorization of a complex Hermitian positive definite band matrix A. The factorization has the form A = U**H * U, if UPLO = 'U', or A = L * L**H, if UPLO = 'L', where U is an upper triangular matrix and L is lower triangular. Parameters UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': Upper triangle of A is stored; = 'L': Lower triangle of A is stored. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. KD KD is INTEGER The number of superdiagonals of the matrix A if UPLO = 'U', or the number of subdiagonals if UPLO = 'L'. KD >= 0. AB AB is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDAB,N) On entry, the upper or lower triangle of the Hermitian band matrix A, stored in the first KD+1 rows of the array. The j-th column of A is stored in the j-th column of the array AB as follows: if UPLO = 'U', AB(kd+1+i-j,j) = A(i,j) for max(1,j-kd)<=i<=j; if UPLO = 'L', AB(1+i-j,j) = A(i,j) for j<=i<=min(n,j+kd). On exit, if INFO = 0, the triangular factor U or L from the Cholesky factorization A = U**H*U or A = L*L**H of the band matrix A, in the same storage format as A. LDAB LDAB is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array AB. LDAB >= KD+1. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value > 0: if INFO = i, the leading minor of order i is not positive definite, and the factorization could not be completed. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Further Details: The band storage scheme is illustrated by the following example, when N = 6, KD = 2, and UPLO = 'U': On entry: On exit: * * a13 a24 a35 a46 * * u13 u24 u35 u46 * a12 a23 a34 a45 a56 * u12 u23 u34 u45 u56 a11 a22 a33 a44 a55 a66 u11 u22 u33 u44 u55 u66 Similarly, if UPLO = 'L' the format of A is as follows: On entry: On exit: a11 a22 a33 a44 a55 a66 l11 l22 l33 l44 l55 l66 a21 a32 a43 a54 a65 * l21 l32 l43 l54 l65 * a31 a42 a53 a64 * * l31 l42 l53 l64 * * Array elements marked * are not used by the routine. Contributors: Peter Mayes and Giuseppe Radicati, IBM ECSEC, Rome, March 23, 1989 subroutine cpbtrs (character UPLO, integer N, integer KD, integer NRHS, complex, dimension( ldab, * ) AB, integer LDAB, complex, dimension( ldb, * ) B, integer LDB, integer INFO) CPBTRS Purpose: CPBTRS solves a system of linear equations A*X = B with a Hermitian positive definite band matrix A using the Cholesky factorization A = U**H*U or A = L*L**H computed by CPBTRF. Parameters UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': Upper triangular factor stored in AB; = 'L': Lower triangular factor stored in AB. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. KD KD is INTEGER The number of superdiagonals of the matrix A if UPLO = 'U', or the number of subdiagonals if UPLO = 'L'. KD >= 0. NRHS NRHS is INTEGER The number of right hand sides, i.e., the number of columns of the matrix B. NRHS >= 0. AB AB is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDAB,N) The triangular factor U or L from the Cholesky factorization A = U**H*U or A = L*L**H of the band matrix A, stored in the first KD+1 rows of the array. The j-th column of U or L is stored in the j-th column of the array AB as follows: if UPLO ='U', AB(kd+1+i-j,j) = U(i,j) for max(1,j-kd)<=i<=j; if UPLO ='L', AB(1+i-j,j) = L(i,j) for j<=i<=min(n,j+kd). LDAB LDAB is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array AB. LDAB >= KD+1. B B is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDB,NRHS) On entry, the right hand side matrix B. On exit, the solution matrix X. LDB LDB is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array B. LDB >= max(1,N). INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cpftrf (character TRANSR, character UPLO, integer N, complex, dimension( 0: * ) A, integer INFO) CPFTRF Purpose: CPFTRF computes the Cholesky factorization of a complex Hermitian positive definite matrix A. The factorization has the form A = U**H * U, if UPLO = 'U', or A = L * L**H, if UPLO = 'L', where U is an upper triangular matrix and L is lower triangular. This is the block version of the algorithm, calling Level 3 BLAS. Parameters TRANSR TRANSR is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': The Normal TRANSR of RFP A is stored; = 'C': The Conjugate-transpose TRANSR of RFP A is stored. UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': Upper triangle of RFP A is stored; = 'L': Lower triangle of RFP A is stored. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension ( N*(N+1)/2 ); On entry, the Hermitian matrix A in RFP format. RFP format is described by TRANSR, UPLO, and N as follows: If TRANSR = 'N' then RFP A is (0:N,0:k-1) when N is even; k=N/2. RFP A is (0:N-1,0:k) when N is odd; k=N/2. IF TRANSR = 'C' then RFP is the Conjugate-transpose of RFP A as defined when TRANSR = 'N'. The contents of RFP A are defined by UPLO as follows: If UPLO = 'U' the RFP A contains the nt elements of upper packed A. If UPLO = 'L' the RFP A contains the elements of lower packed A. The LDA of RFP A is (N+1)/2 when TRANSR = 'C'. When TRANSR is 'N' the LDA is N+1 when N is even and N is odd. See the Note below for more details. On exit, if INFO = 0, the factor U or L from the Cholesky factorization RFP A = U**H*U or RFP A = L*L**H. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value > 0: if INFO = i, the leading minor of order i is not positive definite, and the factorization could not be completed. Further Notes on RFP Format: ============================ We first consider Standard Packed Format when N is even. We give an example where N = 6. AP is Upper AP is Lower 00 01 02 03 04 05 00 11 12 13 14 15 10 11 22 23 24 25 20 21 22 33 34 35 30 31 32 33 44 45 40 41 42 43 44 55 50 51 52 53 54 55 Let TRANSR = 'N'. RFP holds AP as follows: For UPLO = 'U' the upper trapezoid A(0:5,0:2) consists of the last three columns of AP upper. The lower triangle A(4:6,0:2) consists of conjugate-transpose of the first three columns of AP upper. For UPLO = 'L' the lower trapezoid A(1:6,0:2) consists of the first three columns of AP lower. The upper triangle A(0:2,0:2) consists of conjugate-transpose of the last three columns of AP lower. To denote conjugate we place -- above the element. This covers the case N even and TRANSR = 'N'. RFP A RFP A -- -- -- 03 04 05 33 43 53 -- -- 13 14 15 00 44 54 -- 23 24 25 10 11 55 33 34 35 20 21 22 -- 00 44 45 30 31 32 -- -- 01 11 55 40 41 42 -- -- -- 02 12 22 50 51 52 Now let TRANSR = 'C'. RFP A in both UPLO cases is just the conjugate- transpose of RFP A above. One therefore gets: RFP A RFP A -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 03 13 23 33 00 01 02 33 00 10 20 30 40 50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 04 14 24 34 44 11 12 43 44 11 21 31 41 51 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 05 15 25 35 45 55 22 53 54 55 22 32 42 52 We next consider Standard Packed Format when N is odd. We give an example where N = 5. AP is Upper AP is Lower 00 01 02 03 04 00 11 12 13 14 10 11 22 23 24 20 21 22 33 34 30 31 32 33 44 40 41 42 43 44 Let TRANSR = 'N'. RFP holds AP as follows: For UPLO = 'U' the upper trapezoid A(0:4,0:2) consists of the last three columns of AP upper. The lower triangle A(3:4,0:1) consists of conjugate-transpose of the first two columns of AP upper. For UPLO = 'L' the lower trapezoid A(0:4,0:2) consists of the first three columns of AP lower. The upper triangle A(0:1,1:2) consists of conjugate-transpose of the last two columns of AP lower. To denote conjugate we place -- above the element. This covers the case N odd and TRANSR = 'N'. RFP A RFP A -- -- 02 03 04 00 33 43 -- 12 13 14 10 11 44 22 23 24 20 21 22 -- 00 33 34 30 31 32 -- -- 01 11 44 40 41 42 Now let TRANSR = 'C'. RFP A in both UPLO cases is just the conjugate- transpose of RFP A above. One therefore gets: RFP A RFP A -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 02 12 22 00 01 00 10 20 30 40 50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 03 13 23 33 11 33 11 21 31 41 51 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 04 14 24 34 44 43 44 22 32 42 52 Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cpftri (character TRANSR, character UPLO, integer N, complex, dimension( 0: * ) A, integer INFO) CPFTRI Purpose: CPFTRI computes the inverse of a complex Hermitian positive definite matrix A using the Cholesky factorization A = U**H*U or A = L*L**H computed by CPFTRF. Parameters TRANSR TRANSR is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': The Normal TRANSR of RFP A is stored; = 'C': The Conjugate-transpose TRANSR of RFP A is stored. UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': Upper triangle of A is stored; = 'L': Lower triangle of A is stored. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension ( N*(N+1)/2 ); On entry, the Hermitian matrix A in RFP format. RFP format is described by TRANSR, UPLO, and N as follows: If TRANSR = 'N' then RFP A is (0:N,0:k-1) when N is even; k=N/2. RFP A is (0:N-1,0:k) when N is odd; k=N/2. IF TRANSR = 'C' then RFP is the Conjugate-transpose of RFP A as defined when TRANSR = 'N'. The contents of RFP A are defined by UPLO as follows: If UPLO = 'U' the RFP A contains the nt elements of upper packed A. If UPLO = 'L' the RFP A contains the elements of lower packed A. The LDA of RFP A is (N+1)/2 when TRANSR = 'C'. When TRANSR is 'N' the LDA is N+1 when N is even and N is odd. See the Note below for more details. On exit, the Hermitian inverse of the original matrix, in the same storage format. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value > 0: if INFO = i, the (i,i) element of the factor U or L is zero, and the inverse could not be computed. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Further Details: We first consider Standard Packed Format when N is even. We give an example where N = 6. AP is Upper AP is Lower 00 01 02 03 04 05 00 11 12 13 14 15 10 11 22 23 24 25 20 21 22 33 34 35 30 31 32 33 44 45 40 41 42 43 44 55 50 51 52 53 54 55 Let TRANSR = 'N'. RFP holds AP as follows: For UPLO = 'U' the upper trapezoid A(0:5,0:2) consists of the last three columns of AP upper. The lower triangle A(4:6,0:2) consists of conjugate-transpose of the first three columns of AP upper. For UPLO = 'L' the lower trapezoid A(1:6,0:2) consists of the first three columns of AP lower. The upper triangle A(0:2,0:2) consists of conjugate-transpose of the last three columns of AP lower. To denote conjugate we place -- above the element. This covers the case N even and TRANSR = 'N'. RFP A RFP A -- -- -- 03 04 05 33 43 53 -- -- 13 14 15 00 44 54 -- 23 24 25 10 11 55 33 34 35 20 21 22 -- 00 44 45 30 31 32 -- -- 01 11 55 40 41 42 -- -- -- 02 12 22 50 51 52 Now let TRANSR = 'C'. RFP A in both UPLO cases is just the conjugate- transpose of RFP A above. One therefore gets: RFP A RFP A -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 03 13 23 33 00 01 02 33 00 10 20 30 40 50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 04 14 24 34 44 11 12 43 44 11 21 31 41 51 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 05 15 25 35 45 55 22 53 54 55 22 32 42 52 We next consider Standard Packed Format when N is odd. We give an example where N = 5. AP is Upper AP is Lower 00 01 02 03 04 00 11 12 13 14 10 11 22 23 24 20 21 22 33 34 30 31 32 33 44 40 41 42 43 44 Let TRANSR = 'N'. RFP holds AP as follows: For UPLO = 'U' the upper trapezoid A(0:4,0:2) consists of the last three columns of AP upper. The lower triangle A(3:4,0:1) consists of conjugate-transpose of the first two columns of AP upper. For UPLO = 'L' the lower trapezoid A(0:4,0:2) consists of the first three columns of AP lower. The upper triangle A(0:1,1:2) consists of conjugate-transpose of the last two columns of AP lower. To denote conjugate we place -- above the element. This covers the case N odd and TRANSR = 'N'. RFP A RFP A -- -- 02 03 04 00 33 43 -- 12 13 14 10 11 44 22 23 24 20 21 22 -- 00 33 34 30 31 32 -- -- 01 11 44 40 41 42 Now let TRANSR = 'C'. RFP A in both UPLO cases is just the conjugate- transpose of RFP A above. One therefore gets: RFP A RFP A -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 02 12 22 00 01 00 10 20 30 40 50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 03 13 23 33 11 33 11 21 31 41 51 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 04 14 24 34 44 43 44 22 32 42 52 subroutine cpftrs (character TRANSR, character UPLO, integer N, integer NRHS, complex, dimension( 0: * ) A, complex, dimension( ldb, * ) B, integer LDB, integer INFO) CPFTRS Purpose: CPFTRS solves a system of linear equations A*X = B with a Hermitian positive definite matrix A using the Cholesky factorization A = U**H*U or A = L*L**H computed by CPFTRF. Parameters TRANSR TRANSR is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': The Normal TRANSR of RFP A is stored; = 'C': The Conjugate-transpose TRANSR of RFP A is stored. UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': Upper triangle of RFP A is stored; = 'L': Lower triangle of RFP A is stored. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. NRHS NRHS is INTEGER The number of right hand sides, i.e., the number of columns of the matrix B. NRHS >= 0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension ( N*(N+1)/2 ); The triangular factor U or L from the Cholesky factorization of RFP A = U**H*U or RFP A = L*L**H, as computed by CPFTRF. See note below for more details about RFP A. B B is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDB,NRHS) On entry, the right hand side matrix B. On exit, the solution matrix X. LDB LDB is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array B. LDB >= max(1,N). INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Further Details: We first consider Standard Packed Format when N is even. We give an example where N = 6. AP is Upper AP is Lower 00 01 02 03 04 05 00 11 12 13 14 15 10 11 22 23 24 25 20 21 22 33 34 35 30 31 32 33 44 45 40 41 42 43 44 55 50 51 52 53 54 55 Let TRANSR = 'N'. RFP holds AP as follows: For UPLO = 'U' the upper trapezoid A(0:5,0:2) consists of the last three columns of AP upper. The lower triangle A(4:6,0:2) consists of conjugate-transpose of the first three columns of AP upper. For UPLO = 'L' the lower trapezoid A(1:6,0:2) consists of the first three columns of AP lower. The upper triangle A(0:2,0:2) consists of conjugate-transpose of the last three columns of AP lower. To denote conjugate we place -- above the element. This covers the case N even and TRANSR = 'N'. RFP A RFP A -- -- -- 03 04 05 33 43 53 -- -- 13 14 15 00 44 54 -- 23 24 25 10 11 55 33 34 35 20 21 22 -- 00 44 45 30 31 32 -- -- 01 11 55 40 41 42 -- -- -- 02 12 22 50 51 52 Now let TRANSR = 'C'. RFP A in both UPLO cases is just the conjugate- transpose of RFP A above. One therefore gets: RFP A RFP A -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 03 13 23 33 00 01 02 33 00 10 20 30 40 50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 04 14 24 34 44 11 12 43 44 11 21 31 41 51 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 05 15 25 35 45 55 22 53 54 55 22 32 42 52 We next consider Standard Packed Format when N is odd. We give an example where N = 5. AP is Upper AP is Lower 00 01 02 03 04 00 11 12 13 14 10 11 22 23 24 20 21 22 33 34 30 31 32 33 44 40 41 42 43 44 Let TRANSR = 'N'. RFP holds AP as follows: For UPLO = 'U' the upper trapezoid A(0:4,0:2) consists of the last three columns of AP upper. The lower triangle A(3:4,0:1) consists of conjugate-transpose of the first two columns of AP upper. For UPLO = 'L' the lower trapezoid A(0:4,0:2) consists of the first three columns of AP lower. The upper triangle A(0:1,1:2) consists of conjugate-transpose of the last two columns of AP lower. To denote conjugate we place -- above the element. This covers the case N odd and TRANSR = 'N'. RFP A RFP A -- -- 02 03 04 00 33 43 -- 12 13 14 10 11 44 22 23 24 20 21 22 -- 00 33 34 30 31 32 -- -- 01 11 44 40 41 42 Now let TRANSR = 'C'. RFP A in both UPLO cases is just the conjugate- transpose of RFP A above. One therefore gets: RFP A RFP A -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 02 12 22 00 01 00 10 20 30 40 50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 03 13 23 33 11 33 11 21 31 41 51 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 04 14 24 34 44 43 44 22 32 42 52 subroutine cppcon (character UPLO, integer N, complex, dimension( * ) AP, real ANORM, real RCOND, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, real, dimension( * ) RWORK, integer INFO) CPPCON Purpose: CPPCON estimates the reciprocal of the condition number (in the 1-norm) of a complex Hermitian positive definite packed matrix using the Cholesky factorization A = U**H*U or A = L*L**H computed by CPPTRF. An estimate is obtained for norm(inv(A)), and the reciprocal of the condition number is computed as RCOND = 1 / (ANORM * norm(inv(A))). Parameters UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': Upper triangle of A is stored; = 'L': Lower triangle of A is stored. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. AP AP is COMPLEX array, dimension (N*(N+1)/2) The triangular factor U or L from the Cholesky factorization A = U**H*U or A = L*L**H, packed columnwise in a linear array. The j-th column of U or L is stored in the array AP as follows: if UPLO = 'U', AP(i + (j-1)*j/2) = U(i,j) for 1<=i<=j; if UPLO = 'L', AP(i + (j-1)*(2n-j)/2) = L(i,j) for j<=i<=n. ANORM ANORM is REAL The 1-norm (or infinity-norm) of the Hermitian matrix A. RCOND RCOND is REAL The reciprocal of the condition number of the matrix A, computed as RCOND = 1/(ANORM * AINVNM), where AINVNM is an estimate of the 1-norm of inv(A) computed in this routine. WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (2*N) RWORK RWORK is REAL array, dimension (N) INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cppequ (character UPLO, integer N, complex, dimension( * ) AP, real, dimension( * ) S, real SCOND, real AMAX, integer INFO) CPPEQU Purpose: CPPEQU computes row and column scalings intended to equilibrate a Hermitian positive definite matrix A in packed storage and reduce its condition number (with respect to the two-norm). S contains the scale factors, S(i)=1/sqrt(A(i,i)), chosen so that the scaled matrix B with elements B(i,j)=S(i)*A(i,j)*S(j) has ones on the diagonal. This choice of S puts the condition number of B within a factor N of the smallest possible condition number over all possible diagonal scalings. Parameters UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': Upper triangle of A is stored; = 'L': Lower triangle of A is stored. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. AP AP is COMPLEX array, dimension (N*(N+1)/2) The upper or lower triangle of the Hermitian matrix A, packed columnwise in a linear array. The j-th column of A is stored in the array AP as follows: if UPLO = 'U', AP(i + (j-1)*j/2) = A(i,j) for 1<=i<=j; if UPLO = 'L', AP(i + (j-1)*(2n-j)/2) = A(i,j) for j<=i<=n. S S is REAL array, dimension (N) If INFO = 0, S contains the scale factors for A. SCOND SCOND is REAL If INFO = 0, S contains the ratio of the smallest S(i) to the largest S(i). If SCOND >= 0.1 and AMAX is neither too large nor too small, it is not worth scaling by S. AMAX AMAX is REAL Absolute value of largest matrix element. If AMAX is very close to overflow or very close to underflow, the matrix should be scaled. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value > 0: if INFO = i, the i-th diagonal element is nonpositive. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cpprfs (character UPLO, integer N, integer NRHS, complex, dimension( * ) AP, complex, dimension( * ) AFP, complex, dimension( ldb, * ) B, integer LDB, complex, dimension( ldx, * ) X, integer LDX, real, dimension( * ) FERR, real, dimension( * ) BERR, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, real, dimension( * ) RWORK, integer INFO) CPPRFS Purpose: CPPRFS improves the computed solution to a system of linear equations when the coefficient matrix is Hermitian positive definite and packed, and provides error bounds and backward error estimates for the solution. Parameters UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': Upper triangle of A is stored; = 'L': Lower triangle of A is stored. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. NRHS NRHS is INTEGER The number of right hand sides, i.e., the number of columns of the matrices B and X. NRHS >= 0. AP AP is COMPLEX array, dimension (N*(N+1)/2) The upper or lower triangle of the Hermitian matrix A, packed columnwise in a linear array. The j-th column of A is stored in the array AP as follows: if UPLO = 'U', AP(i + (j-1)*j/2) = A(i,j) for 1<=i<=j; if UPLO = 'L', AP(i + (j-1)*(2n-j)/2) = A(i,j) for j<=i<=n. AFP AFP is COMPLEX array, dimension (N*(N+1)/2) The triangular factor U or L from the Cholesky factorization A = U**H*U or A = L*L**H, as computed by SPPTRF/CPPTRF, packed columnwise in a linear array in the same format as A (see AP). B B is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDB,NRHS) The right hand side matrix B. LDB LDB is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array B. LDB >= max(1,N). X X is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDX,NRHS) On entry, the solution matrix X, as computed by CPPTRS. On exit, the improved solution matrix X. LDX LDX is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array X. LDX >= max(1,N). FERR FERR is REAL array, dimension (NRHS) The estimated forward error bound for each solution vector X(j) (the j-th column of the solution matrix X). If XTRUE is the true solution corresponding to X(j), FERR(j) is an estimated upper bound for the magnitude of the largest element in (X(j) - XTRUE) divided by the magnitude of the largest element in X(j). The estimate is as reliable as the estimate for RCOND, and is almost always a slight overestimate of the true error. BERR BERR is REAL array, dimension (NRHS) The componentwise relative backward error of each solution vector X(j) (i.e., the smallest relative change in any element of A or B that makes X(j) an exact solution). WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (2*N) RWORK RWORK is REAL array, dimension (N) INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Internal Parameters: ITMAX is the maximum number of steps of iterative refinement. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cpptrf (character UPLO, integer N, complex, dimension( * ) AP, integer INFO) CPPTRF Purpose: CPPTRF computes the Cholesky factorization of a complex Hermitian positive definite matrix A stored in packed format. The factorization has the form A = U**H * U, if UPLO = 'U', or A = L * L**H, if UPLO = 'L', where U is an upper triangular matrix and L is lower triangular. Parameters UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': Upper triangle of A is stored; = 'L': Lower triangle of A is stored. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. AP AP is COMPLEX array, dimension (N*(N+1)/2) On entry, the upper or lower triangle of the Hermitian matrix A, packed columnwise in a linear array. The j-th column of A is stored in the array AP as follows: if UPLO = 'U', AP(i + (j-1)*j/2) = A(i,j) for 1<=i<=j; if UPLO = 'L', AP(i + (j-1)*(2n-j)/2) = A(i,j) for j<=i<=n. See below for further details. On exit, if INFO = 0, the triangular factor U or L from the Cholesky factorization A = U**H*U or A = L*L**H, in the same storage format as A. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value > 0: if INFO = i, the leading minor of order i is not positive definite, and the factorization could not be completed. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Further Details: The packed storage scheme is illustrated by the following example when N = 4, UPLO = 'U': Two-dimensional storage of the Hermitian matrix A: a11 a12 a13 a14 a22 a23 a24 a33 a34 (aij = conjg(aji)) a44 Packed storage of the upper triangle of A: AP = [ a11, a12, a22, a13, a23, a33, a14, a24, a34, a44 ] subroutine cpptri (character UPLO, integer N, complex, dimension( * ) AP, integer INFO) CPPTRI Purpose: CPPTRI computes the inverse of a complex Hermitian positive definite matrix A using the Cholesky factorization A = U**H*U or A = L*L**H computed by CPPTRF. Parameters UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': Upper triangular factor is stored in AP; = 'L': Lower triangular factor is stored in AP. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. AP AP is COMPLEX array, dimension (N*(N+1)/2) On entry, the triangular factor U or L from the Cholesky factorization A = U**H*U or A = L*L**H, packed columnwise as a linear array. The j-th column of U or L is stored in the array AP as follows: if UPLO = 'U', AP(i + (j-1)*j/2) = U(i,j) for 1<=i<=j; if UPLO = 'L', AP(i + (j-1)*(2n-j)/2) = L(i,j) for j<=i<=n. On exit, the upper or lower triangle of the (Hermitian) inverse of A, overwriting the input factor U or L. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value > 0: if INFO = i, the (i,i) element of the factor U or L is zero, and the inverse could not be computed. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cpptrs (character UPLO, integer N, integer NRHS, complex, dimension( * ) AP, complex, dimension( ldb, * ) B, integer LDB, integer INFO) CPPTRS Purpose: CPPTRS solves a system of linear equations A*X = B with a Hermitian positive definite matrix A in packed storage using the Cholesky factorization A = U**H*U or A = L*L**H computed by CPPTRF. Parameters UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': Upper triangle of A is stored; = 'L': Lower triangle of A is stored. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. NRHS NRHS is INTEGER The number of right hand sides, i.e., the number of columns of the matrix B. NRHS >= 0. AP AP is COMPLEX array, dimension (N*(N+1)/2) The triangular factor U or L from the Cholesky factorization A = U**H*U or A = L*L**H, packed columnwise in a linear array. The j-th column of U or L is stored in the array AP as follows: if UPLO = 'U', AP(i + (j-1)*j/2) = U(i,j) for 1<=i<=j; if UPLO = 'L', AP(i + (j-1)*(2n-j)/2) = L(i,j) for j<=i<=n. B B is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDB,NRHS) On entry, the right hand side matrix B. On exit, the solution matrix X. LDB LDB is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array B. LDB >= max(1,N). INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cpstf2 (character UPLO, integer N, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, integer, dimension( n ) PIV, integer RANK, real TOL, real, dimension( 2*n ) WORK, integer INFO) CPSTF2 computes the Cholesky factorization with complete pivoting of complex Hermitian positive semidefinite matrix. Purpose: CPSTF2 computes the Cholesky factorization with complete pivoting of a complex Hermitian positive semidefinite matrix A. The factorization has the form P**T * A * P = U**H * U , if UPLO = 'U', P**T * A * P = L * L**H, if UPLO = 'L', where U is an upper triangular matrix and L is lower triangular, and P is stored as vector PIV. This algorithm does not attempt to check that A is positive semidefinite. This version of the algorithm calls level 2 BLAS. Parameters UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 Specifies whether the upper or lower triangular part of the symmetric matrix A is stored. = 'U': Upper triangular = 'L': Lower triangular N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,N) On entry, the symmetric matrix A. If UPLO = 'U', the leading n by n upper triangular part of A contains the upper triangular part of the matrix A, and the strictly lower triangular part of A is not referenced. If UPLO = 'L', the leading n by n lower triangular part of A contains the lower triangular part of the matrix A, and the strictly upper triangular part of A is not referenced. On exit, if INFO = 0, the factor U or L from the Cholesky factorization as above. PIV PIV is INTEGER array, dimension (N) PIV is such that the nonzero entries are P( PIV(K), K ) = 1. RANK RANK is INTEGER The rank of A given by the number of steps the algorithm completed. TOL TOL is REAL User defined tolerance. If TOL < 0, then N*U*MAX( A( K,K ) ) will be used. The algorithm terminates at the (K-1)st step if the pivot <= TOL. LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,N). WORK WORK is REAL array, dimension (2*N) Work space. INFO INFO is INTEGER < 0: If INFO = -K, the K-th argument had an illegal value, = 0: algorithm completed successfully, and > 0: the matrix A is either rank deficient with computed rank as returned in RANK, or is not positive semidefinite. See Section 7 of LAPACK Working Note #161 for further information. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cpstrf (character UPLO, integer N, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, integer, dimension( n ) PIV, integer RANK, real TOL, real, dimension( 2*n ) WORK, integer INFO) CPSTRF computes the Cholesky factorization with complete pivoting of complex Hermitian positive semidefinite matrix. Purpose: CPSTRF computes the Cholesky factorization with complete pivoting of a complex Hermitian positive semidefinite matrix A. The factorization has the form P**T * A * P = U**H * U , if UPLO = 'U', P**T * A * P = L * L**H, if UPLO = 'L', where U is an upper triangular matrix and L is lower triangular, and P is stored as vector PIV. This algorithm does not attempt to check that A is positive semidefinite. This version of the algorithm calls level 3 BLAS. Parameters UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 Specifies whether the upper or lower triangular part of the symmetric matrix A is stored. = 'U': Upper triangular = 'L': Lower triangular N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,N) On entry, the symmetric matrix A. If UPLO = 'U', the leading n by n upper triangular part of A contains the upper triangular part of the matrix A, and the strictly lower triangular part of A is not referenced. If UPLO = 'L', the leading n by n lower triangular part of A contains the lower triangular part of the matrix A, and the strictly upper triangular part of A is not referenced. On exit, if INFO = 0, the factor U or L from the Cholesky factorization as above. LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,N). PIV PIV is INTEGER array, dimension (N) PIV is such that the nonzero entries are P( PIV(K), K ) = 1. RANK RANK is INTEGER The rank of A given by the number of steps the algorithm completed. TOL TOL is REAL User defined tolerance. If TOL < 0, then N*U*MAX( A(K,K) ) will be used. The algorithm terminates at the (K-1)st step if the pivot <= TOL. WORK WORK is REAL array, dimension (2*N) Work space. INFO INFO is INTEGER < 0: If INFO = -K, the K-th argument had an illegal value, = 0: algorithm completed successfully, and > 0: the matrix A is either rank deficient with computed rank as returned in RANK, or is not positive semidefinite. See Section 7 of LAPACK Working Note #161 for further information. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cspcon (character UPLO, integer N, complex, dimension( * ) AP, integer, dimension( * ) IPIV, real ANORM, real RCOND, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer INFO) CSPCON Purpose: CSPCON estimates the reciprocal of the condition number (in the 1-norm) of a complex symmetric packed matrix A using the factorization A = U*D*U**T or A = L*D*L**T computed by CSPTRF. An estimate is obtained for norm(inv(A)), and the reciprocal of the condition number is computed as RCOND = 1 / (ANORM * norm(inv(A))). Parameters UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 Specifies whether the details of the factorization are stored as an upper or lower triangular matrix. = 'U': Upper triangular, form is A = U*D*U**T; = 'L': Lower triangular, form is A = L*D*L**T. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. AP AP is COMPLEX array, dimension (N*(N+1)/2) The block diagonal matrix D and the multipliers used to obtain the factor U or L as computed by CSPTRF, stored as a packed triangular matrix. IPIV IPIV is INTEGER array, dimension (N) Details of the interchanges and the block structure of D as determined by CSPTRF. ANORM ANORM is REAL The 1-norm of the original matrix A. RCOND RCOND is REAL The reciprocal of the condition number of the matrix A, computed as RCOND = 1/(ANORM * AINVNM), where AINVNM is an estimate of the 1-norm of inv(A) computed in this routine. WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (2*N) INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine csprfs (character UPLO, integer N, integer NRHS, complex, dimension( * ) AP, complex, dimension( * ) AFP, integer, dimension( * ) IPIV, complex, dimension( ldb, * ) B, integer LDB, complex, dimension( ldx, * ) X, integer LDX, real, dimension( * ) FERR, real, dimension( * ) BERR, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, real, dimension( * ) RWORK, integer INFO) CSPRFS Purpose: CSPRFS improves the computed solution to a system of linear equations when the coefficient matrix is symmetric indefinite and packed, and provides error bounds and backward error estimates for the solution. Parameters UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': Upper triangle of A is stored; = 'L': Lower triangle of A is stored. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. NRHS NRHS is INTEGER The number of right hand sides, i.e., the number of columns of the matrices B and X. NRHS >= 0. AP AP is COMPLEX array, dimension (N*(N+1)/2) The upper or lower triangle of the symmetric matrix A, packed columnwise in a linear array. The j-th column of A is stored in the array AP as follows: if UPLO = 'U', AP(i + (j-1)*j/2) = A(i,j) for 1<=i<=j; if UPLO = 'L', AP(i + (j-1)*(2*n-j)/2) = A(i,j) for j<=i<=n. AFP AFP is COMPLEX array, dimension (N*(N+1)/2) The factored form of the matrix A. AFP contains the block diagonal matrix D and the multipliers used to obtain the factor U or L from the factorization A = U*D*U**T or A = L*D*L**T as computed by CSPTRF, stored as a packed triangular matrix. IPIV IPIV is INTEGER array, dimension (N) Details of the interchanges and the block structure of D as determined by CSPTRF. B B is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDB,NRHS) The right hand side matrix B. LDB LDB is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array B. LDB >= max(1,N). X X is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDX,NRHS) On entry, the solution matrix X, as computed by CSPTRS. On exit, the improved solution matrix X. LDX LDX is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array X. LDX >= max(1,N). FERR FERR is REAL array, dimension (NRHS) The estimated forward error bound for each solution vector X(j) (the j-th column of the solution matrix X). If XTRUE is the true solution corresponding to X(j), FERR(j) is an estimated upper bound for the magnitude of the largest element in (X(j) - XTRUE) divided by the magnitude of the largest element in X(j). The estimate is as reliable as the estimate for RCOND, and is almost always a slight overestimate of the true error. BERR BERR is REAL array, dimension (NRHS) The componentwise relative backward error of each solution vector X(j) (i.e., the smallest relative change in any element of A or B that makes X(j) an exact solution). WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (2*N) RWORK RWORK is REAL array, dimension (N) INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Internal Parameters: ITMAX is the maximum number of steps of iterative refinement. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine csptrf (character UPLO, integer N, complex, dimension( * ) AP, integer, dimension( * ) IPIV, integer INFO) CSPTRF Purpose: CSPTRF computes the factorization of a complex symmetric matrix A stored in packed format using the Bunch-Kaufman diagonal pivoting method: A = U*D*U**T or A = L*D*L**T where U (or L) is a product of permutation and unit upper (lower) triangular matrices, and D is symmetric and block diagonal with 1-by-1 and 2-by-2 diagonal blocks. Parameters UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': Upper triangle of A is stored; = 'L': Lower triangle of A is stored. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. AP AP is COMPLEX array, dimension (N*(N+1)/2) On entry, the upper or lower triangle of the symmetric matrix A, packed columnwise in a linear array. The j-th column of A is stored in the array AP as follows: if UPLO = 'U', AP(i + (j-1)*j/2) = A(i,j) for 1<=i<=j; if UPLO = 'L', AP(i + (j-1)*(2n-j)/2) = A(i,j) for j<=i<=n. On exit, the block diagonal matrix D and the multipliers used to obtain the factor U or L, stored as a packed triangular matrix overwriting A (see below for further details). IPIV IPIV is INTEGER array, dimension (N) Details of the interchanges and the block structure of D. If IPIV(k) > 0, then rows and columns k and IPIV(k) were interchanged and D(k,k) is a 1-by-1 diagonal block. If UPLO = 'U' and IPIV(k) = IPIV(k-1) < 0, then rows and columns k-1 and -IPIV(k) were interchanged and D(k-1:k,k-1:k) is a 2-by-2 diagonal block. If UPLO = 'L' and IPIV(k) = IPIV(k+1) < 0, then rows and columns k+1 and -IPIV(k) were interchanged and D(k:k+1,k:k+1) is a 2-by-2 diagonal block. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value > 0: if INFO = i, D(i,i) is exactly zero. The factorization has been completed, but the block diagonal matrix D is exactly singular, and division by zero will occur if it is used to solve a system of equations. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Further Details: 5-96 - Based on modifications by J. Lewis, Boeing Computer Services Company If UPLO = 'U', then A = U*D*U**T, where U = P(n)*U(n)* ... *P(k)U(k)* ..., i.e., U is a product of terms P(k)*U(k), where k decreases from n to 1 in steps of 1 or 2, and D is a block diagonal matrix with 1-by-1 and 2-by-2 diagonal blocks D(k). P(k) is a permutation matrix as defined by IPIV(k), and U(k) is a unit upper triangular matrix, such that if the diagonal block D(k) is of order s (s = 1 or 2), then ( I v 0 ) k-s U(k) = ( 0 I 0 ) s ( 0 0 I ) n-k k-s s n-k If s = 1, D(k) overwrites A(k,k), and v overwrites A(1:k-1,k). If s = 2, the upper triangle of D(k) overwrites A(k-1,k-1), A(k-1,k), and A(k,k), and v overwrites A(1:k-2,k-1:k). If UPLO = 'L', then A = L*D*L**T, where L = P(1)*L(1)* ... *P(k)*L(k)* ..., i.e., L is a product of terms P(k)*L(k), where k increases from 1 to n in steps of 1 or 2, and D is a block diagonal matrix with 1-by-1 and 2-by-2 diagonal blocks D(k). P(k) is a permutation matrix as defined by IPIV(k), and L(k) is a unit lower triangular matrix, such that if the diagonal block D(k) is of order s (s = 1 or 2), then ( I 0 0 ) k-1 L(k) = ( 0 I 0 ) s ( 0 v I ) n-k-s+1 k-1 s n-k-s+1 If s = 1, D(k) overwrites A(k,k), and v overwrites A(k+1:n,k). If s = 2, the lower triangle of D(k) overwrites A(k,k), A(k+1,k), and A(k+1,k+1), and v overwrites A(k+2:n,k:k+1). subroutine csptri (character UPLO, integer N, complex, dimension( * ) AP, integer, dimension( * ) IPIV, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer INFO) CSPTRI Purpose: CSPTRI computes the inverse of a complex symmetric indefinite matrix A in packed storage using the factorization A = U*D*U**T or A = L*D*L**T computed by CSPTRF. Parameters UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 Specifies whether the details of the factorization are stored as an upper or lower triangular matrix. = 'U': Upper triangular, form is A = U*D*U**T; = 'L': Lower triangular, form is A = L*D*L**T. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. AP AP is COMPLEX array, dimension (N*(N+1)/2) On entry, the block diagonal matrix D and the multipliers used to obtain the factor U or L as computed by CSPTRF, stored as a packed triangular matrix. On exit, if INFO = 0, the (symmetric) inverse of the original matrix, stored as a packed triangular matrix. The j-th column of inv(A) is stored in the array AP as follows: if UPLO = 'U', AP(i + (j-1)*j/2) = inv(A)(i,j) for 1<=i<=j; if UPLO = 'L', AP(i + (j-1)*(2n-j)/2) = inv(A)(i,j) for j<=i<=n. IPIV IPIV is INTEGER array, dimension (N) Details of the interchanges and the block structure of D as determined by CSPTRF. WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (N) INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value > 0: if INFO = i, D(i,i) = 0; the matrix is singular and its inverse could not be computed. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine csptrs (character UPLO, integer N, integer NRHS, complex, dimension( * ) AP, integer, dimension( * ) IPIV, complex, dimension( ldb, * ) B, integer LDB, integer INFO) CSPTRS Purpose: CSPTRS solves a system of linear equations A*X = B with a complex symmetric matrix A stored in packed format using the factorization A = U*D*U**T or A = L*D*L**T computed by CSPTRF. Parameters UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 Specifies whether the details of the factorization are stored as an upper or lower triangular matrix. = 'U': Upper triangular, form is A = U*D*U**T; = 'L': Lower triangular, form is A = L*D*L**T. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. NRHS NRHS is INTEGER The number of right hand sides, i.e., the number of columns of the matrix B. NRHS >= 0. AP AP is COMPLEX array, dimension (N*(N+1)/2) The block diagonal matrix D and the multipliers used to obtain the factor U or L as computed by CSPTRF, stored as a packed triangular matrix. IPIV IPIV is INTEGER array, dimension (N) Details of the interchanges and the block structure of D as determined by CSPTRF. B B is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDB,NRHS) On entry, the right hand side matrix B. On exit, the solution matrix X. LDB LDB is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array B. LDB >= max(1,N). INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cstedc (character COMPZ, integer N, real, dimension( * ) D, real, dimension( * ) E, complex, dimension( ldz, * ) Z, integer LDZ, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer LWORK, real, dimension( * ) RWORK, integer LRWORK, integer, dimension( * ) IWORK, integer LIWORK, integer INFO) CSTEDC Purpose: CSTEDC computes all eigenvalues and, optionally, eigenvectors of a symmetric tridiagonal matrix using the divide and conquer method. The eigenvectors of a full or band complex Hermitian matrix can also be found if CHETRD or CHPTRD or CHBTRD has been used to reduce this matrix to tridiagonal form. This code makes very mild assumptions about floating point arithmetic. It will work on machines with a guard digit in add/subtract, or on those binary machines without guard digits which subtract like the Cray X-MP, Cray Y-MP, Cray C-90, or Cray-2. It could conceivably fail on hexadecimal or decimal machines without guard digits, but we know of none. See SLAED3 for details. Parameters COMPZ COMPZ is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': Compute eigenvalues only. = 'I': Compute eigenvectors of tridiagonal matrix also. = 'V': Compute eigenvectors of original Hermitian matrix also. On entry, Z contains the unitary matrix used to reduce the original matrix to tridiagonal form. N N is INTEGER The dimension of the symmetric tridiagonal matrix. N >= 0. D D is REAL array, dimension (N) On entry, the diagonal elements of the tridiagonal matrix. On exit, if INFO = 0, the eigenvalues in ascending order. E E is REAL array, dimension (N-1) On entry, the subdiagonal elements of the tridiagonal matrix. On exit, E has been destroyed. Z Z is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDZ,N) On entry, if COMPZ = 'V', then Z contains the unitary matrix used in the reduction to tridiagonal form. On exit, if INFO = 0, then if COMPZ = 'V', Z contains the orthonormal eigenvectors of the original Hermitian matrix, and if COMPZ = 'I', Z contains the orthonormal eigenvectors of the symmetric tridiagonal matrix. If COMPZ = 'N', then Z is not referenced. LDZ LDZ is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array Z. LDZ >= 1. If eigenvectors are desired, then LDZ >= max(1,N). WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK)) On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK. LWORK LWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array WORK. If COMPZ = 'N' or 'I', or N <= 1, LWORK must be at least 1. If COMPZ = 'V' and N > 1, LWORK must be at least N*N. Note that for COMPZ = 'V', then if N is less than or equal to the minimum divide size, usually 25, then LWORK need only be 1. If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal sizes of the WORK, RWORK and IWORK arrays, returns these values as the first entries of the WORK, RWORK and IWORK arrays, and no error message related to LWORK or LRWORK or LIWORK is issued by XERBLA. RWORK RWORK is REAL array, dimension (MAX(1,LRWORK)) On exit, if INFO = 0, RWORK(1) returns the optimal LRWORK. LRWORK LRWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array RWORK. If COMPZ = 'N' or N <= 1, LRWORK must be at least 1. If COMPZ = 'V' and N > 1, LRWORK must be at least 1 + 3*N + 2*N*lg N + 4*N**2 , where lg( N ) = smallest integer k such that 2**k >= N. If COMPZ = 'I' and N > 1, LRWORK must be at least 1 + 4*N + 2*N**2 . Note that for COMPZ = 'I' or 'V', then if N is less than or equal to the minimum divide size, usually 25, then LRWORK need only be max(1,2*(N-1)). If LRWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal sizes of the WORK, RWORK and IWORK arrays, returns these values as the first entries of the WORK, RWORK and IWORK arrays, and no error message related to LWORK or LRWORK or LIWORK is issued by XERBLA. IWORK IWORK is INTEGER array, dimension (MAX(1,LIWORK)) On exit, if INFO = 0, IWORK(1) returns the optimal LIWORK. LIWORK LIWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array IWORK. If COMPZ = 'N' or N <= 1, LIWORK must be at least 1. If COMPZ = 'V' or N > 1, LIWORK must be at least 6 + 6*N + 5*N*lg N. If COMPZ = 'I' or N > 1, LIWORK must be at least 3 + 5*N . Note that for COMPZ = 'I' or 'V', then if N is less than or equal to the minimum divide size, usually 25, then LIWORK need only be 1. If LIWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal sizes of the WORK, RWORK and IWORK arrays, returns these values as the first entries of the WORK, RWORK and IWORK arrays, and no error message related to LWORK or LRWORK or LIWORK is issued by XERBLA. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit. < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value. > 0: The algorithm failed to compute an eigenvalue while working on the submatrix lying in rows and columns INFO/(N+1) through mod(INFO,N+1). Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Contributors: Jeff Rutter, Computer Science Division, University of California at Berkeley, USA subroutine cstegr (character JOBZ, character RANGE, integer N, real, dimension( * ) D, real, dimension( * ) E, real VL, real VU, integer IL, integer IU, real ABSTOL, integer M, real, dimension( * ) W, complex, dimension( ldz, * ) Z, integer LDZ, integer, dimension( * ) ISUPPZ, real, dimension( * ) WORK, integer LWORK, integer, dimension( * ) IWORK, integer LIWORK, integer INFO) CSTEGR Purpose: CSTEGR computes selected eigenvalues and, optionally, eigenvectors of a real symmetric tridiagonal matrix T. Any such unreduced matrix has a well defined set of pairwise different real eigenvalues, the corresponding real eigenvectors are pairwise orthogonal. The spectrum may be computed either completely or partially by specifying either an interval (VL,VU] or a range of indices IL:IU for the desired eigenvalues. CSTEGR is a compatibility wrapper around the improved CSTEMR routine. See SSTEMR for further details. One important change is that the ABSTOL parameter no longer provides any benefit and hence is no longer used. Note : CSTEGR and CSTEMR work only on machines which follow IEEE-754 floating-point standard in their handling of infinities and NaNs. Normal execution may create these exceptiona values and hence may abort due to a floating point exception in environments which do not conform to the IEEE-754 standard. Parameters JOBZ JOBZ is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': Compute eigenvalues only; = 'V': Compute eigenvalues and eigenvectors. RANGE RANGE is CHARACTER*1 = 'A': all eigenvalues will be found. = 'V': all eigenvalues in the half-open interval (VL,VU] will be found. = 'I': the IL-th through IU-th eigenvalues will be found. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix. N >= 0. D D is REAL array, dimension (N) On entry, the N diagonal elements of the tridiagonal matrix T. On exit, D is overwritten. E E is REAL array, dimension (N) On entry, the (N-1) subdiagonal elements of the tridiagonal matrix T in elements 1 to N-1 of E. E(N) need not be set on input, but is used internally as workspace. On exit, E is overwritten. VL VL is REAL If RANGE='V', the lower bound of the interval to be searched for eigenvalues. VL < VU. Not referenced if RANGE = 'A' or 'I'. VU VU is REAL If RANGE='V', the upper bound of the interval to be searched for eigenvalues. VL < VU. Not referenced if RANGE = 'A' or 'I'. IL IL is INTEGER If RANGE='I', the index of the smallest eigenvalue to be returned. 1 <= IL <= IU <= N, if N > 0. Not referenced if RANGE = 'A' or 'V'. IU IU is INTEGER If RANGE='I', the index of the largest eigenvalue to be returned. 1 <= IL <= IU <= N, if N > 0. Not referenced if RANGE = 'A' or 'V'. ABSTOL ABSTOL is REAL Unused. Was the absolute error tolerance for the eigenvalues/eigenvectors in previous versions. M M is INTEGER The total number of eigenvalues found. 0 <= M <= N. If RANGE = 'A', M = N, and if RANGE = 'I', M = IU-IL+1. W W is REAL array, dimension (N) The first M elements contain the selected eigenvalues in ascending order. Z Z is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDZ, max(1,M) ) If JOBZ = 'V', and if INFO = 0, then the first M columns of Z contain the orthonormal eigenvectors of the matrix T corresponding to the selected eigenvalues, with the i-th column of Z holding the eigenvector associated with W(i). If JOBZ = 'N', then Z is not referenced. Note: the user must ensure that at least max(1,M) columns are supplied in the array Z; if RANGE = 'V', the exact value of M is not known in advance and an upper bound must be used. Supplying N columns is always safe. LDZ LDZ is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array Z. LDZ >= 1, and if JOBZ = 'V', then LDZ >= max(1,N). ISUPPZ ISUPPZ is INTEGER array, dimension ( 2*max(1,M) ) The support of the eigenvectors in Z, i.e., the indices indicating the nonzero elements in Z. The i-th computed eigenvector is nonzero only in elements ISUPPZ( 2*i-1 ) through ISUPPZ( 2*i ). This is relevant in the case when the matrix is split. ISUPPZ is only accessed when JOBZ is 'V' and N > 0. WORK WORK is REAL array, dimension (LWORK) On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal (and minimal) LWORK. LWORK LWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array WORK. LWORK >= max(1,18*N) if JOBZ = 'V', and LWORK >= max(1,12*N) if JOBZ = 'N'. If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA. IWORK IWORK is INTEGER array, dimension (LIWORK) On exit, if INFO = 0, IWORK(1) returns the optimal LIWORK. LIWORK LIWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array IWORK. LIWORK >= max(1,10*N) if the eigenvectors are desired, and LIWORK >= max(1,8*N) if only the eigenvalues are to be computed. If LIWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the IWORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the IWORK array, and no error message related to LIWORK is issued by XERBLA. INFO INFO is INTEGER On exit, INFO = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value > 0: if INFO = 1X, internal error in SLARRE, if INFO = 2X, internal error in CLARRV. Here, the digit X = ABS( IINFO ) < 10, where IINFO is the nonzero error code returned by SLARRE or CLARRV, respectively. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Contributors: Inderjit Dhillon, IBM Almaden, USA Osni Marques, LBNL/NERSC, USA Christof Voemel, LBNL/NERSC, USA subroutine cstein (integer N, real, dimension( * ) D, real, dimension( * ) E, integer M, real, dimension( * ) W, integer, dimension( * ) IBLOCK, integer, dimension( * ) ISPLIT, complex, dimension( ldz, * ) Z, integer LDZ, real, dimension( * ) WORK, integer, dimension( * ) IWORK, integer, dimension( * ) IFAIL, integer INFO) CSTEIN Purpose: CSTEIN computes the eigenvectors of a real symmetric tridiagonal matrix T corresponding to specified eigenvalues, using inverse iteration. The maximum number of iterations allowed for each eigenvector is specified by an internal parameter MAXITS (currently set to 5). Although the eigenvectors are real, they are stored in a complex array, which may be passed to CUNMTR or CUPMTR for back transformation to the eigenvectors of a complex Hermitian matrix which was reduced to tridiagonal form. Parameters N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix. N >= 0. D D is REAL array, dimension (N) The n diagonal elements of the tridiagonal matrix T. E E is REAL array, dimension (N-1) The (n-1) subdiagonal elements of the tridiagonal matrix T, stored in elements 1 to N-1. M M is INTEGER The number of eigenvectors to be found. 0 <= M <= N. W W is REAL array, dimension (N) The first M elements of W contain the eigenvalues for which eigenvectors are to be computed. The eigenvalues should be grouped by split-off block and ordered from smallest to largest within the block. ( The output array W from SSTEBZ with ORDER = 'B' is expected here. ) IBLOCK IBLOCK is INTEGER array, dimension (N) The submatrix indices associated with the corresponding eigenvalues in W; IBLOCK(i)=1 if eigenvalue W(i) belongs to the first submatrix from the top, =2 if W(i) belongs to the second submatrix, etc. ( The output array IBLOCK from SSTEBZ is expected here. ) ISPLIT ISPLIT is INTEGER array, dimension (N) The splitting points, at which T breaks up into submatrices. The first submatrix consists of rows/columns 1 to ISPLIT( 1 ), the second of rows/columns ISPLIT( 1 )+1 through ISPLIT( 2 ), etc. ( The output array ISPLIT from SSTEBZ is expected here. ) Z Z is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDZ, M) The computed eigenvectors. The eigenvector associated with the eigenvalue W(i) is stored in the i-th column of Z. Any vector which fails to converge is set to its current iterate after MAXITS iterations. The imaginary parts of the eigenvectors are set to zero. LDZ LDZ is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array Z. LDZ >= max(1,N). WORK WORK is REAL array, dimension (5*N) IWORK IWORK is INTEGER array, dimension (N) IFAIL IFAIL is INTEGER array, dimension (M) On normal exit, all elements of IFAIL are zero. If one or more eigenvectors fail to converge after MAXITS iterations, then their indices are stored in array IFAIL. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value > 0: if INFO = i, then i eigenvectors failed to converge in MAXITS iterations. Their indices are stored in array IFAIL. Internal Parameters: MAXITS INTEGER, default = 5 The maximum number of iterations performed. EXTRA INTEGER, default = 2 The number of iterations performed after norm growth criterion is satisfied, should be at least 1. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cstemr (character JOBZ, character RANGE, integer N, real, dimension( * ) D, real, dimension( * ) E, real VL, real VU, integer IL, integer IU, integer M, real, dimension( * ) W, complex, dimension( ldz, * ) Z, integer LDZ, integer NZC, integer, dimension( * ) ISUPPZ, logical TRYRAC, real, dimension( * ) WORK, integer LWORK, integer, dimension( * ) IWORK, integer LIWORK, integer INFO) CSTEMR Purpose: CSTEMR computes selected eigenvalues and, optionally, eigenvectors of a real symmetric tridiagonal matrix T. Any such unreduced matrix has a well defined set of pairwise different real eigenvalues, the corresponding real eigenvectors are pairwise orthogonal. The spectrum may be computed either completely or partially by specifying either an interval (VL,VU] or a range of indices IL:IU for the desired eigenvalues. Depending on the number of desired eigenvalues, these are computed either by bisection or the dqds algorithm. Numerically orthogonal eigenvectors are computed by the use of various suitable L D L^T factorizations near clusters of close eigenvalues (referred to as RRRs, Relatively Robust Representations). An informal sketch of the algorithm follows. For each unreduced block (submatrix) of T, (a) Compute T - sigma I = L D L^T, so that L and D define all the wanted eigenvalues to high relative accuracy. This means that small relative changes in the entries of D and L cause only small relative changes in the eigenvalues and eigenvectors. The standard (unfactored) representation of the tridiagonal matrix T does not have this property in general. (b) Compute the eigenvalues to suitable accuracy. If the eigenvectors are desired, the algorithm attains full accuracy of the computed eigenvalues only right before the corresponding vectors have to be computed, see steps c) and d). (c) For each cluster of close eigenvalues, select a new shift close to the cluster, find a new factorization, and refine the shifted eigenvalues to suitable accuracy. (d) For each eigenvalue with a large enough relative separation compute the corresponding eigenvector by forming a rank revealing twisted factorization. Go back to (c) for any clusters that remain. For more details, see: - Inderjit S. Dhillon and Beresford N. Parlett: 'Multiple representations to compute orthogonal eigenvectors of symmetric tridiagonal matrices,' Linear Algebra and its Applications, 387(1), pp. 1-28, August 2004. - Inderjit Dhillon and Beresford Parlett: 'Orthogonal Eigenvectors and Relative Gaps,' SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications, Vol. 25, 2004. Also LAPACK Working Note 154. - Inderjit Dhillon: 'A new O(n^2) algorithm for the symmetric tridiagonal eigenvalue/eigenvector problem', Computer Science Division Technical Report No. UCB/CSD-97-971, UC Berkeley, May 1997. Further Details 1.CSTEMR works only on machines which follow IEEE-754 floating-point standard in their handling of infinities and NaNs. This permits the use of efficient inner loops avoiding a check for zero divisors. 2. LAPACK routines can be used to reduce a complex Hermitean matrix to real symmetric tridiagonal form. (Any complex Hermitean tridiagonal matrix has real values on its diagonal and potentially complex numbers on its off-diagonals. By applying a similarity transform with an appropriate diagonal matrix diag(1,e^{i \phy_1}, ... , e^{i \phy_{n-1}}), the complex Hermitean matrix can be transformed into a real symmetric matrix and complex arithmetic can be entirely avoided.) While the eigenvectors of the real symmetric tridiagonal matrix are real, the eigenvectors of original complex Hermitean matrix have complex entries in general. Since LAPACK drivers overwrite the matrix data with the eigenvectors, CSTEMR accepts complex workspace to facilitate interoperability with CUNMTR or CUPMTR. Parameters JOBZ JOBZ is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': Compute eigenvalues only; = 'V': Compute eigenvalues and eigenvectors. RANGE RANGE is CHARACTER*1 = 'A': all eigenvalues will be found. = 'V': all eigenvalues in the half-open interval (VL,VU] will be found. = 'I': the IL-th through IU-th eigenvalues will be found. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix. N >= 0. D D is REAL array, dimension (N) On entry, the N diagonal elements of the tridiagonal matrix T. On exit, D is overwritten. E E is REAL array, dimension (N) On entry, the (N-1) subdiagonal elements of the tridiagonal matrix T in elements 1 to N-1 of E. E(N) need not be set on input, but is used internally as workspace. On exit, E is overwritten. VL VL is REAL If RANGE='V', the lower bound of the interval to be searched for eigenvalues. VL < VU. Not referenced if RANGE = 'A' or 'I'. VU VU is REAL If RANGE='V', the upper bound of the interval to be searched for eigenvalues. VL < VU. Not referenced if RANGE = 'A' or 'I'. IL IL is INTEGER If RANGE='I', the index of the smallest eigenvalue to be returned. 1 <= IL <= IU <= N, if N > 0. Not referenced if RANGE = 'A' or 'V'. IU IU is INTEGER If RANGE='I', the index of the largest eigenvalue to be returned. 1 <= IL <= IU <= N, if N > 0. Not referenced if RANGE = 'A' or 'V'. M M is INTEGER The total number of eigenvalues found. 0 <= M <= N. If RANGE = 'A', M = N, and if RANGE = 'I', M = IU-IL+1. W W is REAL array, dimension (N) The first M elements contain the selected eigenvalues in ascending order. Z Z is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDZ, max(1,M) ) If JOBZ = 'V', and if INFO = 0, then the first M columns of Z contain the orthonormal eigenvectors of the matrix T corresponding to the selected eigenvalues, with the i-th column of Z holding the eigenvector associated with W(i). If JOBZ = 'N', then Z is not referenced. Note: the user must ensure that at least max(1,M) columns are supplied in the array Z; if RANGE = 'V', the exact value of M is not known in advance and can be computed with a workspace query by setting NZC = -1, see below. LDZ LDZ is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array Z. LDZ >= 1, and if JOBZ = 'V', then LDZ >= max(1,N). NZC NZC is INTEGER The number of eigenvectors to be held in the array Z. If RANGE = 'A', then NZC >= max(1,N). If RANGE = 'V', then NZC >= the number of eigenvalues in (VL,VU]. If RANGE = 'I', then NZC >= IU-IL+1. If NZC = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine calculates the number of columns of the array Z that are needed to hold the eigenvectors. This value is returned as the first entry of the Z array, and no error message related to NZC is issued by XERBLA. ISUPPZ ISUPPZ is INTEGER array, dimension ( 2*max(1,M) ) The support of the eigenvectors in Z, i.e., the indices indicating the nonzero elements in Z. The i-th computed eigenvector is nonzero only in elements ISUPPZ( 2*i-1 ) through ISUPPZ( 2*i ). This is relevant in the case when the matrix is split. ISUPPZ is only accessed when JOBZ is 'V' and N > 0. TRYRAC TRYRAC is LOGICAL If TRYRAC = .TRUE., indicates that the code should check whether the tridiagonal matrix defines its eigenvalues to high relative accuracy. If so, the code uses relative-accuracy preserving algorithms that might be (a bit) slower depending on the matrix. If the matrix does not define its eigenvalues to high relative accuracy, the code can uses possibly faster algorithms. If TRYRAC = .FALSE., the code is not required to guarantee relatively accurate eigenvalues and can use the fastest possible techniques. On exit, a .TRUE. TRYRAC will be set to .FALSE. if the matrix does not define its eigenvalues to high relative accuracy. WORK WORK is REAL array, dimension (LWORK) On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal (and minimal) LWORK. LWORK LWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array WORK. LWORK >= max(1,18*N) if JOBZ = 'V', and LWORK >= max(1,12*N) if JOBZ = 'N'. If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA. IWORK IWORK is INTEGER array, dimension (LIWORK) On exit, if INFO = 0, IWORK(1) returns the optimal LIWORK. LIWORK LIWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array IWORK. LIWORK >= max(1,10*N) if the eigenvectors are desired, and LIWORK >= max(1,8*N) if only the eigenvalues are to be computed. If LIWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the IWORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the IWORK array, and no error message related to LIWORK is issued by XERBLA. INFO INFO is INTEGER On exit, INFO = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value > 0: if INFO = 1X, internal error in SLARRE, if INFO = 2X, internal error in CLARRV. Here, the digit X = ABS( IINFO ) < 10, where IINFO is the nonzero error code returned by SLARRE or CLARRV, respectively. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Contributors: Beresford Parlett, University of California, Berkeley, USA Jim Demmel, University of California, Berkeley, USA Inderjit Dhillon, University of Texas, Austin, USA Osni Marques, LBNL/NERSC, USA Christof Voemel, University of California, Berkeley, USA subroutine csteqr (character COMPZ, integer N, real, dimension( * ) D, real, dimension( * ) E, complex, dimension( ldz, * ) Z, integer LDZ, real, dimension( * ) WORK, integer INFO) CSTEQR Purpose: CSTEQR computes all eigenvalues and, optionally, eigenvectors of a symmetric tridiagonal matrix using the implicit QL or QR method. The eigenvectors of a full or band complex Hermitian matrix can also be found if CHETRD or CHPTRD or CHBTRD has been used to reduce this matrix to tridiagonal form. Parameters COMPZ COMPZ is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': Compute eigenvalues only. = 'V': Compute eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the original Hermitian matrix. On entry, Z must contain the unitary matrix used to reduce the original matrix to tridiagonal form. = 'I': Compute eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the tridiagonal matrix. Z is initialized to the identity matrix. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix. N >= 0. D D is REAL array, dimension (N) On entry, the diagonal elements of the tridiagonal matrix. On exit, if INFO = 0, the eigenvalues in ascending order. E E is REAL array, dimension (N-1) On entry, the (n-1) subdiagonal elements of the tridiagonal matrix. On exit, E has been destroyed. Z Z is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDZ, N) On entry, if COMPZ = 'V', then Z contains the unitary matrix used in the reduction to tridiagonal form. On exit, if INFO = 0, then if COMPZ = 'V', Z contains the orthonormal eigenvectors of the original Hermitian matrix, and if COMPZ = 'I', Z contains the orthonormal eigenvectors of the symmetric tridiagonal matrix. If COMPZ = 'N', then Z is not referenced. LDZ LDZ is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array Z. LDZ >= 1, and if eigenvectors are desired, then LDZ >= max(1,N). WORK WORK is REAL array, dimension (max(1,2*N-2)) If COMPZ = 'N', then WORK is not referenced. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value > 0: the algorithm has failed to find all the eigenvalues in a total of 30*N iterations; if INFO = i, then i elements of E have not converged to zero; on exit, D and E contain the elements of a symmetric tridiagonal matrix which is unitarily similar to the original matrix. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine ctbcon (character NORM, character UPLO, character DIAG, integer N, integer KD, complex, dimension( ldab, * ) AB, integer LDAB, real RCOND, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, real, dimension( * ) RWORK, integer INFO) CTBCON Purpose: CTBCON estimates the reciprocal of the condition number of a triangular band matrix A, in either the 1-norm or the infinity-norm. The norm of A is computed and an estimate is obtained for norm(inv(A)), then the reciprocal of the condition number is computed as RCOND = 1 / ( norm(A) * norm(inv(A)) ). Parameters NORM NORM is CHARACTER*1 Specifies whether the 1-norm condition number or the infinity-norm condition number is required: = '1' or 'O': 1-norm; = 'I': Infinity-norm. UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': A is upper triangular; = 'L': A is lower triangular. DIAG DIAG is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': A is non-unit triangular; = 'U': A is unit triangular. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. KD KD is INTEGER The number of superdiagonals or subdiagonals of the triangular band matrix A. KD >= 0. AB AB is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDAB,N) The upper or lower triangular band matrix A, stored in the first kd+1 rows of the array. The j-th column of A is stored in the j-th column of the array AB as follows: if UPLO = 'U', AB(kd+1+i-j,j) = A(i,j) for max(1,j-kd)<=i<=j; if UPLO = 'L', AB(1+i-j,j) = A(i,j) for j<=i<=min(n,j+kd). If DIAG = 'U', the diagonal elements of A are not referenced and are assumed to be 1. LDAB LDAB is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array AB. LDAB >= KD+1. RCOND RCOND is REAL The reciprocal of the condition number of the matrix A, computed as RCOND = 1/(norm(A) * norm(inv(A))). WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (2*N) RWORK RWORK is REAL array, dimension (N) INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine ctbrfs (character UPLO, character TRANS, character DIAG, integer N, integer KD, integer NRHS, complex, dimension( ldab, * ) AB, integer LDAB, complex, dimension( ldb, * ) B, integer LDB, complex, dimension( ldx, * ) X, integer LDX, real, dimension( * ) FERR, real, dimension( * ) BERR, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, real, dimension( * ) RWORK, integer INFO) CTBRFS Purpose: CTBRFS provides error bounds and backward error estimates for the solution to a system of linear equations with a triangular band coefficient matrix. The solution matrix X must be computed by CTBTRS or some other means before entering this routine. CTBRFS does not do iterative refinement because doing so cannot improve the backward error. Parameters UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': A is upper triangular; = 'L': A is lower triangular. TRANS TRANS is CHARACTER*1 Specifies the form of the system of equations: = 'N': A * X = B (No transpose) = 'T': A**T * X = B (Transpose) = 'C': A**H * X = B (Conjugate transpose) DIAG DIAG is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': A is non-unit triangular; = 'U': A is unit triangular. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. KD KD is INTEGER The number of superdiagonals or subdiagonals of the triangular band matrix A. KD >= 0. NRHS NRHS is INTEGER The number of right hand sides, i.e., the number of columns of the matrices B and X. NRHS >= 0. AB AB is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDAB,N) The upper or lower triangular band matrix A, stored in the first kd+1 rows of the array. The j-th column of A is stored in the j-th column of the array AB as follows: if UPLO = 'U', AB(kd+1+i-j,j) = A(i,j) for max(1,j-kd)<=i<=j; if UPLO = 'L', AB(1+i-j,j) = A(i,j) for j<=i<=min(n,j+kd). If DIAG = 'U', the diagonal elements of A are not referenced and are assumed to be 1. LDAB LDAB is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array AB. LDAB >= KD+1. B B is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDB,NRHS) The right hand side matrix B. LDB LDB is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array B. LDB >= max(1,N). X X is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDX,NRHS) The solution matrix X. LDX LDX is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array X. LDX >= max(1,N). FERR FERR is REAL array, dimension (NRHS) The estimated forward error bound for each solution vector X(j) (the j-th column of the solution matrix X). If XTRUE is the true solution corresponding to X(j), FERR(j) is an estimated upper bound for the magnitude of the largest element in (X(j) - XTRUE) divided by the magnitude of the largest element in X(j). The estimate is as reliable as the estimate for RCOND, and is almost always a slight overestimate of the true error. BERR BERR is REAL array, dimension (NRHS) The componentwise relative backward error of each solution vector X(j) (i.e., the smallest relative change in any element of A or B that makes X(j) an exact solution). WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (2*N) RWORK RWORK is REAL array, dimension (N) INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine ctbtrs (character UPLO, character TRANS, character DIAG, integer N, integer KD, integer NRHS, complex, dimension( ldab, * ) AB, integer LDAB, complex, dimension( ldb, * ) B, integer LDB, integer INFO) CTBTRS Purpose: CTBTRS solves a triangular system of the form A * X = B, A**T * X = B, or A**H * X = B, where A is a triangular band matrix of order N, and B is an N-by-NRHS matrix. A check is made to verify that A is nonsingular. Parameters UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': A is upper triangular; = 'L': A is lower triangular. TRANS TRANS is CHARACTER*1 Specifies the form of the system of equations: = 'N': A * X = B (No transpose) = 'T': A**T * X = B (Transpose) = 'C': A**H * X = B (Conjugate transpose) DIAG DIAG is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': A is non-unit triangular; = 'U': A is unit triangular. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. KD KD is INTEGER The number of superdiagonals or subdiagonals of the triangular band matrix A. KD >= 0. NRHS NRHS is INTEGER The number of right hand sides, i.e., the number of columns of the matrix B. NRHS >= 0. AB AB is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDAB,N) The upper or lower triangular band matrix A, stored in the first kd+1 rows of AB. The j-th column of A is stored in the j-th column of the array AB as follows: if UPLO = 'U', AB(kd+1+i-j,j) = A(i,j) for max(1,j-kd)<=i<=j; if UPLO = 'L', AB(1+i-j,j) = A(i,j) for j<=i<=min(n,j+kd). If DIAG = 'U', the diagonal elements of A are not referenced and are assumed to be 1. LDAB LDAB is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array AB. LDAB >= KD+1. B B is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDB,NRHS) On entry, the right hand side matrix B. On exit, if INFO = 0, the solution matrix X. LDB LDB is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array B. LDB >= max(1,N). INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value > 0: if INFO = i, the i-th diagonal element of A is zero, indicating that the matrix is singular and the solutions X have not been computed. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine ctfsm (character TRANSR, character SIDE, character UPLO, character TRANS, character DIAG, integer M, integer N, complex ALPHA, complex, dimension( 0: * ) A, complex, dimension( 0: ldb-1, 0: * ) B, integer LDB) CTFSM solves a matrix equation (one operand is a triangular matrix in RFP format). Purpose: Level 3 BLAS like routine for A in RFP Format. CTFSM solves the matrix equation op( A )*X = alpha*B or X*op( A ) = alpha*B where alpha is a scalar, X and B are m by n matrices, A is a unit, or non-unit, upper or lower triangular matrix and op( A ) is one of op( A ) = A or op( A ) = A**H. A is in Rectangular Full Packed (RFP) Format. The matrix X is overwritten on B. Parameters TRANSR TRANSR is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': The Normal Form of RFP A is stored; = 'C': The Conjugate-transpose Form of RFP A is stored. SIDE SIDE is CHARACTER*1 On entry, SIDE specifies whether op( A ) appears on the left or right of X as follows: SIDE = 'L' or 'l' op( A )*X = alpha*B. SIDE = 'R' or 'r' X*op( A ) = alpha*B. Unchanged on exit. UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 On entry, UPLO specifies whether the RFP matrix A came from an upper or lower triangular matrix as follows: UPLO = 'U' or 'u' RFP A came from an upper triangular matrix UPLO = 'L' or 'l' RFP A came from a lower triangular matrix Unchanged on exit. TRANS TRANS is CHARACTER*1 On entry, TRANS specifies the form of op( A ) to be used in the matrix multiplication as follows: TRANS = 'N' or 'n' op( A ) = A. TRANS = 'C' or 'c' op( A ) = conjg( A' ). Unchanged on exit. DIAG DIAG is CHARACTER*1 On entry, DIAG specifies whether or not RFP A is unit triangular as follows: DIAG = 'U' or 'u' A is assumed to be unit triangular. DIAG = 'N' or 'n' A is not assumed to be unit triangular. Unchanged on exit. M M is INTEGER On entry, M specifies the number of rows of B. M must be at least zero. Unchanged on exit. N N is INTEGER On entry, N specifies the number of columns of B. N must be at least zero. Unchanged on exit. ALPHA ALPHA is COMPLEX On entry, ALPHA specifies the scalar alpha. When alpha is zero then A is not referenced and B need not be set before entry. Unchanged on exit. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (N*(N+1)/2) NT = N*(N+1)/2. On entry, the matrix A in RFP Format. RFP Format is described by TRANSR, UPLO and N as follows: If TRANSR='N' then RFP A is (0:N,0:K-1) when N is even; K=N/2. RFP A is (0:N-1,0:K) when N is odd; K=N/2. If TRANSR = 'C' then RFP is the Conjugate-transpose of RFP A as defined when TRANSR = 'N'. The contents of RFP A are defined by UPLO as follows: If UPLO = 'U' the RFP A contains the NT elements of upper packed A either in normal or conjugate-transpose Format. If UPLO = 'L' the RFP A contains the NT elements of lower packed A either in normal or conjugate-transpose Format. The LDA of RFP A is (N+1)/2 when TRANSR = 'C'. When TRANSR is 'N' the LDA is N+1 when N is even and is N when is odd. See the Note below for more details. Unchanged on exit. B B is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDB,N) Before entry, the leading m by n part of the array B must contain the right-hand side matrix B, and on exit is overwritten by the solution matrix X. LDB LDB is INTEGER On entry, LDB specifies the first dimension of B as declared in the calling (sub) program. LDB must be at least max( 1, m ). Unchanged on exit. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Further Details: We first consider Standard Packed Format when N is even. We give an example where N = 6. AP is Upper AP is Lower 00 01 02 03 04 05 00 11 12 13 14 15 10 11 22 23 24 25 20 21 22 33 34 35 30 31 32 33 44 45 40 41 42 43 44 55 50 51 52 53 54 55 Let TRANSR = 'N'. RFP holds AP as follows: For UPLO = 'U' the upper trapezoid A(0:5,0:2) consists of the last three columns of AP upper. The lower triangle A(4:6,0:2) consists of conjugate-transpose of the first three columns of AP upper. For UPLO = 'L' the lower trapezoid A(1:6,0:2) consists of the first three columns of AP lower. The upper triangle A(0:2,0:2) consists of conjugate-transpose of the last three columns of AP lower. To denote conjugate we place -- above the element. This covers the case N even and TRANSR = 'N'. RFP A RFP A -- -- -- 03 04 05 33 43 53 -- -- 13 14 15 00 44 54 -- 23 24 25 10 11 55 33 34 35 20 21 22 -- 00 44 45 30 31 32 -- -- 01 11 55 40 41 42 -- -- -- 02 12 22 50 51 52 Now let TRANSR = 'C'. RFP A in both UPLO cases is just the conjugate- transpose of RFP A above. One therefore gets: RFP A RFP A -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 03 13 23 33 00 01 02 33 00 10 20 30 40 50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 04 14 24 34 44 11 12 43 44 11 21 31 41 51 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 05 15 25 35 45 55 22 53 54 55 22 32 42 52 We next consider Standard Packed Format when N is odd. We give an example where N = 5. AP is Upper AP is Lower 00 01 02 03 04 00 11 12 13 14 10 11 22 23 24 20 21 22 33 34 30 31 32 33 44 40 41 42 43 44 Let TRANSR = 'N'. RFP holds AP as follows: For UPLO = 'U' the upper trapezoid A(0:4,0:2) consists of the last three columns of AP upper. The lower triangle A(3:4,0:1) consists of conjugate-transpose of the first two columns of AP upper. For UPLO = 'L' the lower trapezoid A(0:4,0:2) consists of the first three columns of AP lower. The upper triangle A(0:1,1:2) consists of conjugate-transpose of the last two columns of AP lower. To denote conjugate we place -- above the element. This covers the case N odd and TRANSR = 'N'. RFP A RFP A -- -- 02 03 04 00 33 43 -- 12 13 14 10 11 44 22 23 24 20 21 22 -- 00 33 34 30 31 32 -- -- 01 11 44 40 41 42 Now let TRANSR = 'C'. RFP A in both UPLO cases is just the conjugate- transpose of RFP A above. One therefore gets: RFP A RFP A -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 02 12 22 00 01 00 10 20 30 40 50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 03 13 23 33 11 33 11 21 31 41 51 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 04 14 24 34 44 43 44 22 32 42 52 subroutine ctftri (character TRANSR, character UPLO, character DIAG, integer N, complex, dimension( 0: * ) A, integer INFO) CTFTRI Purpose: CTFTRI computes the inverse of a triangular matrix A stored in RFP format. This is a Level 3 BLAS version of the algorithm. Parameters TRANSR TRANSR is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': The Normal TRANSR of RFP A is stored; = 'C': The Conjugate-transpose TRANSR of RFP A is stored. UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': A is upper triangular; = 'L': A is lower triangular. DIAG DIAG is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': A is non-unit triangular; = 'U': A is unit triangular. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension ( N*(N+1)/2 ); On entry, the triangular matrix A in RFP format. RFP format is described by TRANSR, UPLO, and N as follows: If TRANSR = 'N' then RFP A is (0:N,0:k-1) when N is even; k=N/2. RFP A is (0:N-1,0:k) when N is odd; k=N/2. IF TRANSR = 'C' then RFP is the Conjugate-transpose of RFP A as defined when TRANSR = 'N'. The contents of RFP A are defined by UPLO as follows: If UPLO = 'U' the RFP A contains the nt elements of upper packed A; If UPLO = 'L' the RFP A contains the nt elements of lower packed A. The LDA of RFP A is (N+1)/2 when TRANSR = 'C'. When TRANSR is 'N' the LDA is N+1 when N is even and N is odd. See the Note below for more details. On exit, the (triangular) inverse of the original matrix, in the same storage format. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value > 0: if INFO = i, A(i,i) is exactly zero. The triangular matrix is singular and its inverse can not be computed. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Further Details: We first consider Standard Packed Format when N is even. We give an example where N = 6. AP is Upper AP is Lower 00 01 02 03 04 05 00 11 12 13 14 15 10 11 22 23 24 25 20 21 22 33 34 35 30 31 32 33 44 45 40 41 42 43 44 55 50 51 52 53 54 55 Let TRANSR = 'N'. RFP holds AP as follows: For UPLO = 'U' the upper trapezoid A(0:5,0:2) consists of the last three columns of AP upper. The lower triangle A(4:6,0:2) consists of conjugate-transpose of the first three columns of AP upper. For UPLO = 'L' the lower trapezoid A(1:6,0:2) consists of the first three columns of AP lower. The upper triangle A(0:2,0:2) consists of conjugate-transpose of the last three columns of AP lower. To denote conjugate we place -- above the element. This covers the case N even and TRANSR = 'N'. RFP A RFP A -- -- -- 03 04 05 33 43 53 -- -- 13 14 15 00 44 54 -- 23 24 25 10 11 55 33 34 35 20 21 22 -- 00 44 45 30 31 32 -- -- 01 11 55 40 41 42 -- -- -- 02 12 22 50 51 52 Now let TRANSR = 'C'. RFP A in both UPLO cases is just the conjugate- transpose of RFP A above. One therefore gets: RFP A RFP A -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 03 13 23 33 00 01 02 33 00 10 20 30 40 50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 04 14 24 34 44 11 12 43 44 11 21 31 41 51 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 05 15 25 35 45 55 22 53 54 55 22 32 42 52 We next consider Standard Packed Format when N is odd. We give an example where N = 5. AP is Upper AP is Lower 00 01 02 03 04 00 11 12 13 14 10 11 22 23 24 20 21 22 33 34 30 31 32 33 44 40 41 42 43 44 Let TRANSR = 'N'. RFP holds AP as follows: For UPLO = 'U' the upper trapezoid A(0:4,0:2) consists of the last three columns of AP upper. The lower triangle A(3:4,0:1) consists of conjugate-transpose of the first two columns of AP upper. For UPLO = 'L' the lower trapezoid A(0:4,0:2) consists of the first three columns of AP lower. The upper triangle A(0:1,1:2) consists of conjugate-transpose of the last two columns of AP lower. To denote conjugate we place -- above the element. This covers the case N odd and TRANSR = 'N'. RFP A RFP A -- -- 02 03 04 00 33 43 -- 12 13 14 10 11 44 22 23 24 20 21 22 -- 00 33 34 30 31 32 -- -- 01 11 44 40 41 42 Now let TRANSR = 'C'. RFP A in both UPLO cases is just the conjugate- transpose of RFP A above. One therefore gets: RFP A RFP A -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 02 12 22 00 01 00 10 20 30 40 50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 03 13 23 33 11 33 11 21 31 41 51 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 04 14 24 34 44 43 44 22 32 42 52 subroutine ctfttp (character TRANSR, character UPLO, integer N, complex, dimension( 0: * ) ARF, complex, dimension( 0: * ) AP, integer INFO) CTFTTP copies a triangular matrix from the rectangular full packed format (TF) to the standard packed format (TP). Purpose: CTFTTP copies a triangular matrix A from rectangular full packed format (TF) to standard packed format (TP). Parameters TRANSR TRANSR is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': ARF is in Normal format; = 'C': ARF is in Conjugate-transpose format; UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': A is upper triangular; = 'L': A is lower triangular. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. ARF ARF is COMPLEX array, dimension ( N*(N+1)/2 ), On entry, the upper or lower triangular matrix A stored in RFP format. For a further discussion see Notes below. AP AP is COMPLEX array, dimension ( N*(N+1)/2 ), On exit, the upper or lower triangular matrix A, packed columnwise in a linear array. The j-th column of A is stored in the array AP as follows: if UPLO = 'U', AP(i + (j-1)*j/2) = A(i,j) for 1<=i<=j; if UPLO = 'L', AP(i + (j-1)*(2n-j)/2) = A(i,j) for j<=i<=n. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Further Details: We first consider Standard Packed Format when N is even. We give an example where N = 6. AP is Upper AP is Lower 00 01 02 03 04 05 00 11 12 13 14 15 10 11 22 23 24 25 20 21 22 33 34 35 30 31 32 33 44 45 40 41 42 43 44 55 50 51 52 53 54 55 Let TRANSR = 'N'. RFP holds AP as follows: For UPLO = 'U' the upper trapezoid A(0:5,0:2) consists of the last three columns of AP upper. The lower triangle A(4:6,0:2) consists of conjugate-transpose of the first three columns of AP upper. For UPLO = 'L' the lower trapezoid A(1:6,0:2) consists of the first three columns of AP lower. The upper triangle A(0:2,0:2) consists of conjugate-transpose of the last three columns of AP lower. To denote conjugate we place -- above the element. This covers the case N even and TRANSR = 'N'. RFP A RFP A -- -- -- 03 04 05 33 43 53 -- -- 13 14 15 00 44 54 -- 23 24 25 10 11 55 33 34 35 20 21 22 -- 00 44 45 30 31 32 -- -- 01 11 55 40 41 42 -- -- -- 02 12 22 50 51 52 Now let TRANSR = 'C'. RFP A in both UPLO cases is just the conjugate- transpose of RFP A above. One therefore gets: RFP A RFP A -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 03 13 23 33 00 01 02 33 00 10 20 30 40 50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 04 14 24 34 44 11 12 43 44 11 21 31 41 51 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 05 15 25 35 45 55 22 53 54 55 22 32 42 52 We next consider Standard Packed Format when N is odd. We give an example where N = 5. AP is Upper AP is Lower 00 01 02 03 04 00 11 12 13 14 10 11 22 23 24 20 21 22 33 34 30 31 32 33 44 40 41 42 43 44 Let TRANSR = 'N'. RFP holds AP as follows: For UPLO = 'U' the upper trapezoid A(0:4,0:2) consists of the last three columns of AP upper. The lower triangle A(3:4,0:1) consists of conjugate-transpose of the first two columns of AP upper. For UPLO = 'L' the lower trapezoid A(0:4,0:2) consists of the first three columns of AP lower. The upper triangle A(0:1,1:2) consists of conjugate-transpose of the last two columns of AP lower. To denote conjugate we place -- above the element. This covers the case N odd and TRANSR = 'N'. RFP A RFP A -- -- 02 03 04 00 33 43 -- 12 13 14 10 11 44 22 23 24 20 21 22 -- 00 33 34 30 31 32 -- -- 01 11 44 40 41 42 Now let TRANSR = 'C'. RFP A in both UPLO cases is just the conjugate- transpose of RFP A above. One therefore gets: RFP A RFP A -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 02 12 22 00 01 00 10 20 30 40 50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 03 13 23 33 11 33 11 21 31 41 51 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 04 14 24 34 44 43 44 22 32 42 52 subroutine ctfttr (character TRANSR, character UPLO, integer N, complex, dimension( 0: * ) ARF, complex, dimension( 0: lda-1, 0: * ) A, integer LDA, integer INFO) CTFTTR copies a triangular matrix from the rectangular full packed format (TF) to the standard full format (TR). Purpose: CTFTTR copies a triangular matrix A from rectangular full packed format (TF) to standard full format (TR). Parameters TRANSR TRANSR is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': ARF is in Normal format; = 'C': ARF is in Conjugate-transpose format; UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': A is upper triangular; = 'L': A is lower triangular. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. ARF ARF is COMPLEX array, dimension ( N*(N+1)/2 ), On entry, the upper or lower triangular matrix A stored in RFP format. For a further discussion see Notes below. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension ( LDA, N ) On exit, the triangular matrix A. If UPLO = 'U', the leading N-by-N upper triangular part of the array A contains the upper triangular matrix, and the strictly lower triangular part of A is not referenced. If UPLO = 'L', the leading N-by-N lower triangular part of the array A contains the lower triangular matrix, and the strictly upper triangular part of A is not referenced. LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,N). INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Further Details: We first consider Standard Packed Format when N is even. We give an example where N = 6. AP is Upper AP is Lower 00 01 02 03 04 05 00 11 12 13 14 15 10 11 22 23 24 25 20 21 22 33 34 35 30 31 32 33 44 45 40 41 42 43 44 55 50 51 52 53 54 55 Let TRANSR = 'N'. RFP holds AP as follows: For UPLO = 'U' the upper trapezoid A(0:5,0:2) consists of the last three columns of AP upper. The lower triangle A(4:6,0:2) consists of conjugate-transpose of the first three columns of AP upper. For UPLO = 'L' the lower trapezoid A(1:6,0:2) consists of the first three columns of AP lower. The upper triangle A(0:2,0:2) consists of conjugate-transpose of the last three columns of AP lower. To denote conjugate we place -- above the element. This covers the case N even and TRANSR = 'N'. RFP A RFP A -- -- -- 03 04 05 33 43 53 -- -- 13 14 15 00 44 54 -- 23 24 25 10 11 55 33 34 35 20 21 22 -- 00 44 45 30 31 32 -- -- 01 11 55 40 41 42 -- -- -- 02 12 22 50 51 52 Now let TRANSR = 'C'. RFP A in both UPLO cases is just the conjugate- transpose of RFP A above. One therefore gets: RFP A RFP A -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 03 13 23 33 00 01 02 33 00 10 20 30 40 50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 04 14 24 34 44 11 12 43 44 11 21 31 41 51 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 05 15 25 35 45 55 22 53 54 55 22 32 42 52 We next consider Standard Packed Format when N is odd. We give an example where N = 5. AP is Upper AP is Lower 00 01 02 03 04 00 11 12 13 14 10 11 22 23 24 20 21 22 33 34 30 31 32 33 44 40 41 42 43 44 Let TRANSR = 'N'. RFP holds AP as follows: For UPLO = 'U' the upper trapezoid A(0:4,0:2) consists of the last three columns of AP upper. The lower triangle A(3:4,0:1) consists of conjugate-transpose of the first two columns of AP upper. For UPLO = 'L' the lower trapezoid A(0:4,0:2) consists of the first three columns of AP lower. The upper triangle A(0:1,1:2) consists of conjugate-transpose of the last two columns of AP lower. To denote conjugate we place -- above the element. This covers the case N odd and TRANSR = 'N'. RFP A RFP A -- -- 02 03 04 00 33 43 -- 12 13 14 10 11 44 22 23 24 20 21 22 -- 00 33 34 30 31 32 -- -- 01 11 44 40 41 42 Now let TRANSR = 'C'. RFP A in both UPLO cases is just the conjugate- transpose of RFP A above. One therefore gets: RFP A RFP A -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 02 12 22 00 01 00 10 20 30 40 50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 03 13 23 33 11 33 11 21 31 41 51 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 04 14 24 34 44 43 44 22 32 42 52 subroutine ctgsen (integer IJOB, logical WANTQ, logical WANTZ, logical, dimension( * ) SELECT, integer N, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( ldb, * ) B, integer LDB, complex, dimension( * ) ALPHA, complex, dimension( * ) BETA, complex, dimension( ldq, * ) Q, integer LDQ, complex, dimension( ldz, * ) Z, integer LDZ, integer M, real PL, real PR, real, dimension( * ) DIF, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer LWORK, integer, dimension( * ) IWORK, integer LIWORK, integer INFO) CTGSEN Purpose: CTGSEN reorders the generalized Schur decomposition of a complex matrix pair (A, B) (in terms of an unitary equivalence trans- formation Q**H * (A, B) * Z), so that a selected cluster of eigenvalues appears in the leading diagonal blocks of the pair (A,B). The leading columns of Q and Z form unitary bases of the corresponding left and right eigenspaces (deflating subspaces). (A, B) must be in generalized Schur canonical form, that is, A and B are both upper triangular. CTGSEN also computes the generalized eigenvalues w(j)= ALPHA(j) / BETA(j) of the reordered matrix pair (A, B). Optionally, the routine computes estimates of reciprocal condition numbers for eigenvalues and eigenspaces. These are Difu[(A11,B11), (A22,B22)] and Difl[(A11,B11), (A22,B22)], i.e. the separation(s) between the matrix pairs (A11, B11) and (A22,B22) that correspond to the selected cluster and the eigenvalues outside the cluster, resp., and norms of 'projections' onto left and right eigenspaces w.r.t. the selected cluster in the (1,1)-block. Parameters IJOB IJOB is INTEGER Specifies whether condition numbers are required for the cluster of eigenvalues (PL and PR) or the deflating subspaces (Difu and Difl): =0: Only reorder w.r.t. SELECT. No extras. =1: Reciprocal of norms of 'projections' onto left and right eigenspaces w.r.t. the selected cluster (PL and PR). =2: Upper bounds on Difu and Difl. F-norm-based estimate (DIF(1:2)). =3: Estimate of Difu and Difl. 1-norm-based estimate (DIF(1:2)). About 5 times as expensive as IJOB = 2. =4: Compute PL, PR and DIF (i.e. 0, 1 and 2 above): Economic version to get it all. =5: Compute PL, PR and DIF (i.e. 0, 1 and 3 above) WANTQ WANTQ is LOGICAL .TRUE. : update the left transformation matrix Q; .FALSE.: do not update Q. WANTZ WANTZ is LOGICAL .TRUE. : update the right transformation matrix Z; .FALSE.: do not update Z. SELECT SELECT is LOGICAL array, dimension (N) SELECT specifies the eigenvalues in the selected cluster. To select an eigenvalue w(j), SELECT(j) must be set to .TRUE.. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrices A and B. N >= 0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension(LDA,N) On entry, the upper triangular matrix A, in generalized Schur canonical form. On exit, A is overwritten by the reordered matrix A. LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,N). B B is COMPLEX array, dimension(LDB,N) On entry, the upper triangular matrix B, in generalized Schur canonical form. On exit, B is overwritten by the reordered matrix B. LDB LDB is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array B. LDB >= max(1,N). ALPHA ALPHA is COMPLEX array, dimension (N) BETA BETA is COMPLEX array, dimension (N) The diagonal elements of A and B, respectively, when the pair (A,B) has been reduced to generalized Schur form. ALPHA(i)/BETA(i) i=1,...,N are the generalized eigenvalues. Q Q is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDQ,N) On entry, if WANTQ = .TRUE., Q is an N-by-N matrix. On exit, Q has been postmultiplied by the left unitary transformation matrix which reorder (A, B); The leading M columns of Q form orthonormal bases for the specified pair of left eigenspaces (deflating subspaces). If WANTQ = .FALSE., Q is not referenced. LDQ LDQ is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array Q. LDQ >= 1. If WANTQ = .TRUE., LDQ >= N. Z Z is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDZ,N) On entry, if WANTZ = .TRUE., Z is an N-by-N matrix. On exit, Z has been postmultiplied by the left unitary transformation matrix which reorder (A, B); The leading M columns of Z form orthonormal bases for the specified pair of left eigenspaces (deflating subspaces). If WANTZ = .FALSE., Z is not referenced. LDZ LDZ is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array Z. LDZ >= 1. If WANTZ = .TRUE., LDZ >= N. M M is INTEGER The dimension of the specified pair of left and right eigenspaces, (deflating subspaces) 0 <= M <= N. PL PL is REAL PR PR is REAL If IJOB = 1, 4 or 5, PL, PR are lower bounds on the reciprocal of the norm of 'projections' onto left and right eigenspace with respect to the selected cluster. 0 < PL, PR <= 1. If M = 0 or M = N, PL = PR = 1. If IJOB = 0, 2 or 3 PL, PR are not referenced. DIF DIF is REAL array, dimension (2). If IJOB >= 2, DIF(1:2) store the estimates of Difu and Difl. If IJOB = 2 or 4, DIF(1:2) are F-norm-based upper bounds on Difu and Difl. If IJOB = 3 or 5, DIF(1:2) are 1-norm-based estimates of Difu and Difl, computed using reversed communication with CLACN2. If M = 0 or N, DIF(1:2) = F-norm([A, B]). If IJOB = 0 or 1, DIF is not referenced. WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK)) On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK. LWORK LWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array WORK. LWORK >= 1 If IJOB = 1, 2 or 4, LWORK >= 2*M*(N-M) If IJOB = 3 or 5, LWORK >= 4*M*(N-M) If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA. IWORK IWORK is INTEGER array, dimension (MAX(1,LIWORK)) On exit, if INFO = 0, IWORK(1) returns the optimal LIWORK. LIWORK LIWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array IWORK. LIWORK >= 1. If IJOB = 1, 2 or 4, LIWORK >= N+2; If IJOB = 3 or 5, LIWORK >= MAX(N+2, 2*M*(N-M)); If LIWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the IWORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the IWORK array, and no error message related to LIWORK is issued by XERBLA. INFO INFO is INTEGER =0: Successful exit. <0: If INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value. =1: Reordering of (A, B) failed because the transformed matrix pair (A, B) would be too far from generalized Schur form; the problem is very ill-conditioned. (A, B) may have been partially reordered. If requested, 0 is returned in DIF(*), PL and PR. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Further Details: CTGSEN first collects the selected eigenvalues by computing unitary U and W that move them to the top left corner of (A, B). In other words, the selected eigenvalues are the eigenvalues of (A11, B11) in U**H*(A, B)*W = (A11 A12) (B11 B12) n1 ( 0 A22),( 0 B22) n2 n1 n2 n1 n2 where N = n1+n2 and U**H means the conjugate transpose of U. The first n1 columns of U and W span the specified pair of left and right eigenspaces (deflating subspaces) of (A, B). If (A, B) has been obtained from the generalized real Schur decomposition of a matrix pair (C, D) = Q*(A, B)*Z', then the reordered generalized Schur form of (C, D) is given by (C, D) = (Q*U)*(U**H *(A, B)*W)*(Z*W)**H, and the first n1 columns of Q*U and Z*W span the corresponding deflating subspaces of (C, D) (Q and Z store Q*U and Z*W, resp.). Note that if the selected eigenvalue is sufficiently ill-conditioned, then its value may differ significantly from its value before reordering. The reciprocal condition numbers of the left and right eigenspaces spanned by the first n1 columns of U and W (or Q*U and Z*W) may be returned in DIF(1:2), corresponding to Difu and Difl, resp. The Difu and Difl are defined as: Difu[(A11, B11), (A22, B22)] = sigma-min( Zu ) and Difl[(A11, B11), (A22, B22)] = Difu[(A22, B22), (A11, B11)], where sigma-min(Zu) is the smallest singular value of the (2*n1*n2)-by-(2*n1*n2) matrix Zu = [ kron(In2, A11) -kron(A22**H, In1) ] [ kron(In2, B11) -kron(B22**H, In1) ]. Here, Inx is the identity matrix of size nx and A22**H is the conjuguate transpose of A22. kron(X, Y) is the Kronecker product between the matrices X and Y. When DIF(2) is small, small changes in (A, B) can cause large changes in the deflating subspace. An approximate (asymptotic) bound on the maximum angular error in the computed deflating subspaces is EPS * norm((A, B)) / DIF(2), where EPS is the machine precision. The reciprocal norm of the projectors on the left and right eigenspaces associated with (A11, B11) may be returned in PL and PR. They are computed as follows. First we compute L and R so that P*(A, B)*Q is block diagonal, where P = ( I -L ) n1 Q = ( I R ) n1 ( 0 I ) n2 and ( 0 I ) n2 n1 n2 n1 n2 and (L, R) is the solution to the generalized Sylvester equation A11*R - L*A22 = -A12 B11*R - L*B22 = -B12 Then PL = (F-norm(L)**2+1)**(-1/2) and PR = (F-norm(R)**2+1)**(-1/2). An approximate (asymptotic) bound on the average absolute error of the selected eigenvalues is EPS * norm((A, B)) / PL. There are also global error bounds which valid for perturbations up to a certain restriction: A lower bound (x) on the smallest F-norm(E,F) for which an eigenvalue of (A11, B11) may move and coalesce with an eigenvalue of (A22, B22) under perturbation (E,F), (i.e. (A + E, B + F), is x = min(Difu,Difl)/((1/(PL*PL)+1/(PR*PR))**(1/2)+2*max(1/PL,1/PR)). An approximate bound on x can be computed from DIF(1:2), PL and PR. If y = ( F-norm(E,F) / x) <= 1, the angles between the perturbed (L', R') and unperturbed (L, R) left and right deflating subspaces associated with the selected cluster in the (1,1)-blocks can be bounded as max-angle(L, L') <= arctan( y * PL / (1 - y * (1 - PL * PL)**(1/2)) max-angle(R, R') <= arctan( y * PR / (1 - y * (1 - PR * PR)**(1/2)) See LAPACK User's Guide section 4.11 or the following references for more information. Note that if the default method for computing the Frobenius-norm- based estimate DIF is not wanted (see CLATDF), then the parameter IDIFJB (see below) should be changed from 3 to 4 (routine CLATDF (IJOB = 2 will be used)). See CTGSYL for more details. Contributors: Bo Kagstrom and Peter Poromaa, Department of Computing Science, Umea University, S-901 87 Umea, Sweden. References: [1] B. Kagstrom; A Direct Method for Reordering Eigenvalues in the Generalized Real Schur Form of a Regular Matrix Pair (A, B), in M.S. Moonen et al (eds), Linear Algebra for Large Scale and Real-Time Applications, Kluwer Academic Publ. 1993, pp 195-218. [2] B. Kagstrom and P. Poromaa; Computing Eigenspaces with Specified Eigenvalues of a Regular Matrix Pair (A, B) and Condition Estimation: Theory, Algorithms and Software, Report UMINF - 94.04, Department of Computing Science, Umea University, S-901 87 Umea, Sweden, 1994. Also as LAPACK Working Note 87. To appear in Numerical Algorithms, 1996. [3] B. Kagstrom and P. Poromaa, LAPACK-Style Algorithms and Software for Solving the Generalized Sylvester Equation and Estimating the Separation between Regular Matrix Pairs, Report UMINF - 93.23, Department of Computing Science, Umea University, S-901 87 Umea, Sweden, December 1993, Revised April 1994, Also as LAPACK working Note 75. To appear in ACM Trans. on Math. Software, Vol 22, No 1, 1996. subroutine ctgsja (character JOBU, character JOBV, character JOBQ, integer M, integer P, integer N, integer K, integer L, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( ldb, * ) B, integer LDB, real TOLA, real TOLB, real, dimension( * ) ALPHA, real, dimension( * ) BETA, complex, dimension( ldu, * ) U, integer LDU, complex, dimension( ldv, * ) V, integer LDV, complex, dimension( ldq, * ) Q, integer LDQ, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer NCYCLE, integer INFO) CTGSJA Purpose: CTGSJA computes the generalized singular value decomposition (GSVD) of two complex upper triangular (or trapezoidal) matrices A and B. On entry, it is assumed that matrices A and B have the following forms, which may be obtained by the preprocessing subroutine CGGSVP from a general M-by-N matrix A and P-by-N matrix B: N-K-L K L A = K ( 0 A12 A13 ) if M-K-L >= 0; L ( 0 0 A23 ) M-K-L ( 0 0 0 ) N-K-L K L A = K ( 0 A12 A13 ) if M-K-L < 0; M-K ( 0 0 A23 ) N-K-L K L B = L ( 0 0 B13 ) P-L ( 0 0 0 ) where the K-by-K matrix A12 and L-by-L matrix B13 are nonsingular upper triangular; A23 is L-by-L upper triangular if M-K-L >= 0, otherwise A23 is (M-K)-by-L upper trapezoidal. On exit, U**H *A*Q = D1*( 0 R ), V**H *B*Q = D2*( 0 R ), where U, V and Q are unitary matrices. R is a nonsingular upper triangular matrix, and D1 and D2 are ``diagonal'' matrices, which are of the following structures: If M-K-L >= 0, K L D1 = K ( I 0 ) L ( 0 C ) M-K-L ( 0 0 ) K L D2 = L ( 0 S ) P-L ( 0 0 ) N-K-L K L ( 0 R ) = K ( 0 R11 R12 ) K L ( 0 0 R22 ) L where C = diag( ALPHA(K+1), ... , ALPHA(K+L) ), S = diag( BETA(K+1), ... , BETA(K+L) ), C**2 + S**2 = I. R is stored in A(1:K+L,N-K-L+1:N) on exit. If M-K-L < 0, K M-K K+L-M D1 = K ( I 0 0 ) M-K ( 0 C 0 ) K M-K K+L-M D2 = M-K ( 0 S 0 ) K+L-M ( 0 0 I ) P-L ( 0 0 0 ) N-K-L K M-K K+L-M ( 0 R ) = K ( 0 R11 R12 R13 ) M-K ( 0 0 R22 R23 ) K+L-M ( 0 0 0 R33 ) where C = diag( ALPHA(K+1), ... , ALPHA(M) ), S = diag( BETA(K+1), ... , BETA(M) ), C**2 + S**2 = I. R = ( R11 R12 R13 ) is stored in A(1:M, N-K-L+1:N) and R33 is stored ( 0 R22 R23 ) in B(M-K+1:L,N+M-K-L+1:N) on exit. The computation of the unitary transformation matrices U, V or Q is optional. These matrices may either be formed explicitly, or they may be postmultiplied into input matrices U1, V1, or Q1. Parameters JOBU JOBU is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': U must contain a unitary matrix U1 on entry, and the product U1*U is returned; = 'I': U is initialized to the unit matrix, and the unitary matrix U is returned; = 'N': U is not computed. JOBV JOBV is CHARACTER*1 = 'V': V must contain a unitary matrix V1 on entry, and the product V1*V is returned; = 'I': V is initialized to the unit matrix, and the unitary matrix V is returned; = 'N': V is not computed. JOBQ JOBQ is CHARACTER*1 = 'Q': Q must contain a unitary matrix Q1 on entry, and the product Q1*Q is returned; = 'I': Q is initialized to the unit matrix, and the unitary matrix Q is returned; = 'N': Q is not computed. M M is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrix A. M >= 0. P P is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrix B. P >= 0. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrices A and B. N >= 0. K K is INTEGER L L is INTEGER K and L specify the subblocks in the input matrices A and B: A23 = A(K+1:MIN(K+L,M),N-L+1:N) and B13 = B(1:L,,N-L+1:N) of A and B, whose GSVD is going to be computed by CTGSJA. See Further Details. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,N) On entry, the M-by-N matrix A. On exit, A(N-K+1:N,1:MIN(K+L,M) ) contains the triangular matrix R or part of R. See Purpose for details. LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,M). B B is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDB,N) On entry, the P-by-N matrix B. On exit, if necessary, B(M-K+1:L,N+M-K-L+1:N) contains a part of R. See Purpose for details. LDB LDB is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array B. LDB >= max(1,P). TOLA TOLA is REAL TOLB TOLB is REAL TOLA and TOLB are the convergence criteria for the Jacobi- Kogbetliantz iteration procedure. Generally, they are the same as used in the preprocessing step, say TOLA = MAX(M,N)*norm(A)*MACHEPS, TOLB = MAX(P,N)*norm(B)*MACHEPS. ALPHA ALPHA is REAL array, dimension (N) BETA BETA is REAL array, dimension (N) On exit, ALPHA and BETA contain the generalized singular value pairs of A and B; ALPHA(1:K) = 1, BETA(1:K) = 0, and if M-K-L >= 0, ALPHA(K+1:K+L) = diag(C), BETA(K+1:K+L) = diag(S), or if M-K-L < 0, ALPHA(K+1:M)= C, ALPHA(M+1:K+L)= 0 BETA(K+1:M) = S, BETA(M+1:K+L) = 1. Furthermore, if K+L < N, ALPHA(K+L+1:N) = 0 BETA(K+L+1:N) = 0. U U is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDU,M) On entry, if JOBU = 'U', U must contain a matrix U1 (usually the unitary matrix returned by CGGSVP). On exit, if JOBU = 'I', U contains the unitary matrix U; if JOBU = 'U', U contains the product U1*U. If JOBU = 'N', U is not referenced. LDU LDU is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array U. LDU >= max(1,M) if JOBU = 'U'; LDU >= 1 otherwise. V V is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDV,P) On entry, if JOBV = 'V', V must contain a matrix V1 (usually the unitary matrix returned by CGGSVP). On exit, if JOBV = 'I', V contains the unitary matrix V; if JOBV = 'V', V contains the product V1*V. If JOBV = 'N', V is not referenced. LDV LDV is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array V. LDV >= max(1,P) if JOBV = 'V'; LDV >= 1 otherwise. Q Q is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDQ,N) On entry, if JOBQ = 'Q', Q must contain a matrix Q1 (usually the unitary matrix returned by CGGSVP). On exit, if JOBQ = 'I', Q contains the unitary matrix Q; if JOBQ = 'Q', Q contains the product Q1*Q. If JOBQ = 'N', Q is not referenced. LDQ LDQ is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array Q. LDQ >= max(1,N) if JOBQ = 'Q'; LDQ >= 1 otherwise. WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (2*N) NCYCLE NCYCLE is INTEGER The number of cycles required for convergence. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value. = 1: the procedure does not converge after MAXIT cycles. Internal Parameters: MAXIT INTEGER MAXIT specifies the total loops that the iterative procedure may take. If after MAXIT cycles, the routine fails to converge, we return INFO = 1. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Further Details: CTGSJA essentially uses a variant of Kogbetliantz algorithm to reduce min(L,M-K)-by-L triangular (or trapezoidal) matrix A23 and L-by-L matrix B13 to the form: U1**H *A13*Q1 = C1*R1; V1**H *B13*Q1 = S1*R1, where U1, V1 and Q1 are unitary matrix. C1 and S1 are diagonal matrices satisfying C1**2 + S1**2 = I, and R1 is an L-by-L nonsingular upper triangular matrix. subroutine ctgsna (character JOB, character HOWMNY, logical, dimension( * ) SELECT, integer N, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( ldb, * ) B, integer LDB, complex, dimension( ldvl, * ) VL, integer LDVL, complex, dimension( ldvr, * ) VR, integer LDVR, real, dimension( * ) S, real, dimension( * ) DIF, integer MM, integer M, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer LWORK, integer, dimension( * ) IWORK, integer INFO) CTGSNA Purpose: CTGSNA estimates reciprocal condition numbers for specified eigenvalues and/or eigenvectors of a matrix pair (A, B). (A, B) must be in generalized Schur canonical form, that is, A and B are both upper triangular. Parameters JOB JOB is CHARACTER*1 Specifies whether condition numbers are required for eigenvalues (S) or eigenvectors (DIF): = 'E': for eigenvalues only (S); = 'V': for eigenvectors only (DIF); = 'B': for both eigenvalues and eigenvectors (S and DIF). HOWMNY HOWMNY is CHARACTER*1 = 'A': compute condition numbers for all eigenpairs; = 'S': compute condition numbers for selected eigenpairs specified by the array SELECT. SELECT SELECT is LOGICAL array, dimension (N) If HOWMNY = 'S', SELECT specifies the eigenpairs for which condition numbers are required. To select condition numbers for the corresponding j-th eigenvalue and/or eigenvector, SELECT(j) must be set to .TRUE.. If HOWMNY = 'A', SELECT is not referenced. N N is INTEGER The order of the square matrix pair (A, B). N >= 0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,N) The upper triangular matrix A in the pair (A,B). LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,N). B B is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDB,N) The upper triangular matrix B in the pair (A, B). LDB LDB is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array B. LDB >= max(1,N). VL VL is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDVL,M) IF JOB = 'E' or 'B', VL must contain left eigenvectors of (A, B), corresponding to the eigenpairs specified by HOWMNY and SELECT. The eigenvectors must be stored in consecutive columns of VL, as returned by CTGEVC. If JOB = 'V', VL is not referenced. LDVL LDVL is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array VL. LDVL >= 1; and If JOB = 'E' or 'B', LDVL >= N. VR VR is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDVR,M) IF JOB = 'E' or 'B', VR must contain right eigenvectors of (A, B), corresponding to the eigenpairs specified by HOWMNY and SELECT. The eigenvectors must be stored in consecutive columns of VR, as returned by CTGEVC. If JOB = 'V', VR is not referenced. LDVR LDVR is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array VR. LDVR >= 1; If JOB = 'E' or 'B', LDVR >= N. S S is REAL array, dimension (MM) If JOB = 'E' or 'B', the reciprocal condition numbers of the selected eigenvalues, stored in consecutive elements of the array. If JOB = 'V', S is not referenced. DIF DIF is REAL array, dimension (MM) If JOB = 'V' or 'B', the estimated reciprocal condition numbers of the selected eigenvectors, stored in consecutive elements of the array. If the eigenvalues cannot be reordered to compute DIF(j), DIF(j) is set to 0; this can only occur when the true value would be very small anyway. For each eigenvalue/vector specified by SELECT, DIF stores a Frobenius norm-based estimate of Difl. If JOB = 'E', DIF is not referenced. MM MM is INTEGER The number of elements in the arrays S and DIF. MM >= M. M M is INTEGER The number of elements of the arrays S and DIF used to store the specified condition numbers; for each selected eigenvalue one element is used. If HOWMNY = 'A', M is set to N. WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK)) On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK. LWORK LWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array WORK. LWORK >= max(1,N). If JOB = 'V' or 'B', LWORK >= max(1,2*N*N). IWORK IWORK is INTEGER array, dimension (N+2) If JOB = 'E', IWORK is not referenced. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: Successful exit < 0: If INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Further Details: The reciprocal of the condition number of the i-th generalized eigenvalue w = (a, b) is defined as S(I) = (|v**HAu|**2 + |v**HBu|**2)**(1/2) / (norm(u)*norm(v)) where u and v are the right and left eigenvectors of (A, B) corresponding to w; |z| denotes the absolute value of the complex number, and norm(u) denotes the 2-norm of the vector u. The pair (a, b) corresponds to an eigenvalue w = a/b (= v**HAu/v**HBu) of the matrix pair (A, B). If both a and b equal zero, then (A,B) is singular and S(I) = -1 is returned. An approximate error bound on the chordal distance between the i-th computed generalized eigenvalue w and the corresponding exact eigenvalue lambda is chord(w, lambda) <= EPS * norm(A, B) / S(I), where EPS is the machine precision. The reciprocal of the condition number of the right eigenvector u and left eigenvector v corresponding to the generalized eigenvalue w is defined as follows. Suppose (A, B) = ( a * ) ( b * ) 1 ( 0 A22 ),( 0 B22 ) n-1 1 n-1 1 n-1 Then the reciprocal condition number DIF(I) is Difl[(a, b), (A22, B22)] = sigma-min( Zl ) where sigma-min(Zl) denotes the smallest singular value of Zl = [ kron(a, In-1) -kron(1, A22) ] [ kron(b, In-1) -kron(1, B22) ]. Here In-1 is the identity matrix of size n-1 and X**H is the conjugate transpose of X. kron(X, Y) is the Kronecker product between the matrices X and Y. We approximate the smallest singular value of Zl with an upper bound. This is done by CLATDF. An approximate error bound for a computed eigenvector VL(i) or VR(i) is given by EPS * norm(A, B) / DIF(i). See ref. [2-3] for more details and further references. Contributors: Bo Kagstrom and Peter Poromaa, Department of Computing Science, Umea University, S-901 87 Umea, Sweden. References: [1] B. Kagstrom; A Direct Method for Reordering Eigenvalues in the Generalized Real Schur Form of a Regular Matrix Pair (A, B), in M.S. Moonen et al (eds), Linear Algebra for Large Scale and Real-Time Applications, Kluwer Academic Publ. 1993, pp 195-218. [2] B. Kagstrom and P. Poromaa; Computing Eigenspaces with Specified Eigenvalues of a Regular Matrix Pair (A, B) and Condition Estimation: Theory, Algorithms and Software, Report UMINF - 94.04, Department of Computing Science, Umea University, S-901 87 Umea, Sweden, 1994. Also as LAPACK Working Note 87. To appear in Numerical Algorithms, 1996. [3] B. Kagstrom and P. Poromaa, LAPACK-Style Algorithms and Software for Solving the Generalized Sylvester Equation and Estimating the Separation between Regular Matrix Pairs, Report UMINF - 93.23, Department of Computing Science, Umea University, S-901 87 Umea, Sweden, December 1993, Revised April 1994, Also as LAPACK Working Note 75. To appear in ACM Trans. on Math. Software, Vol 22, No 1, 1996. subroutine ctpcon (character NORM, character UPLO, character DIAG, integer N, complex, dimension( * ) AP, real RCOND, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, real, dimension( * ) RWORK, integer INFO) CTPCON Purpose: CTPCON estimates the reciprocal of the condition number of a packed triangular matrix A, in either the 1-norm or the infinity-norm. The norm of A is computed and an estimate is obtained for norm(inv(A)), then the reciprocal of the condition number is computed as RCOND = 1 / ( norm(A) * norm(inv(A)) ). Parameters NORM NORM is CHARACTER*1 Specifies whether the 1-norm condition number or the infinity-norm condition number is required: = '1' or 'O': 1-norm; = 'I': Infinity-norm. UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': A is upper triangular; = 'L': A is lower triangular. DIAG DIAG is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': A is non-unit triangular; = 'U': A is unit triangular. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. AP AP is COMPLEX array, dimension (N*(N+1)/2) The upper or lower triangular matrix A, packed columnwise in a linear array. The j-th column of A is stored in the array AP as follows: if UPLO = 'U', AP(i + (j-1)*j/2) = A(i,j) for 1<=i<=j; if UPLO = 'L', AP(i + (j-1)*(2n-j)/2) = A(i,j) for j<=i<=n. If DIAG = 'U', the diagonal elements of A are not referenced and are assumed to be 1. RCOND RCOND is REAL The reciprocal of the condition number of the matrix A, computed as RCOND = 1/(norm(A) * norm(inv(A))). WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (2*N) RWORK RWORK is REAL array, dimension (N) INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine ctpmqrt (character SIDE, character TRANS, integer M, integer N, integer K, integer L, integer NB, complex, dimension( ldv, * ) V, integer LDV, complex, dimension( ldt, * ) T, integer LDT, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( ldb, * ) B, integer LDB, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer INFO) CTPMQRT Purpose: CTPMQRT applies a complex orthogonal matrix Q obtained from a 'triangular-pentagonal' complex block reflector H to a general complex matrix C, which consists of two blocks A and B. Parameters SIDE SIDE is CHARACTER*1 = 'L': apply Q or Q**H from the Left; = 'R': apply Q or Q**H from the Right. TRANS TRANS is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': No transpose, apply Q; = 'C': Conjugate transpose, apply Q**H. M M is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrix B. M >= 0. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix B. N >= 0. K K is INTEGER The number of elementary reflectors whose product defines the matrix Q. L L is INTEGER The order of the trapezoidal part of V. K >= L >= 0. See Further Details. NB NB is INTEGER The block size used for the storage of T. K >= NB >= 1. This must be the same value of NB used to generate T in CTPQRT. V V is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDV,K) The i-th column must contain the vector which defines the elementary reflector H(i), for i = 1,2,...,k, as returned by CTPQRT in B. See Further Details. LDV LDV is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array V. If SIDE = 'L', LDV >= max(1,M); if SIDE = 'R', LDV >= max(1,N). T T is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDT,K) The upper triangular factors of the block reflectors as returned by CTPQRT, stored as a NB-by-K matrix. LDT LDT is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array T. LDT >= NB. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,N) if SIDE = 'L' or (LDA,K) if SIDE = 'R' On entry, the K-by-N or M-by-K matrix A. On exit, A is overwritten by the corresponding block of Q*C or Q**H*C or C*Q or C*Q**H. See Further Details. LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. If SIDE = 'L', LDC >= max(1,K); If SIDE = 'R', LDC >= max(1,M). B B is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDB,N) On entry, the M-by-N matrix B. On exit, B is overwritten by the corresponding block of Q*C or Q**H*C or C*Q or C*Q**H. See Further Details. LDB LDB is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array B. LDB >= max(1,M). WORK WORK is COMPLEX array. The dimension of WORK is N*NB if SIDE = 'L', or M*NB if SIDE = 'R'. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Further Details: The columns of the pentagonal matrix V contain the elementary reflectors H(1), H(2), ..., H(K); V is composed of a rectangular block V1 and a trapezoidal block V2: V = [V1] [V2]. The size of the trapezoidal block V2 is determined by the parameter L, where 0 <= L <= K; V2 is upper trapezoidal, consisting of the first L rows of a K-by-K upper triangular matrix. If L=K, V2 is upper triangular; if L=0, there is no trapezoidal block, hence V = V1 is rectangular. If SIDE = 'L': C = [A] where A is K-by-N, B is M-by-N and V is M-by-K. [B] If SIDE = 'R': C = [A B] where A is M-by-K, B is M-by-N and V is N-by-K. The complex orthogonal matrix Q is formed from V and T. If TRANS='N' and SIDE='L', C is on exit replaced with Q * C. If TRANS='C' and SIDE='L', C is on exit replaced with Q**H * C. If TRANS='N' and SIDE='R', C is on exit replaced with C * Q. If TRANS='C' and SIDE='R', C is on exit replaced with C * Q**H. subroutine ctpqrt (integer M, integer N, integer L, integer NB, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( ldb, * ) B, integer LDB, complex, dimension( ldt, * ) T, integer LDT, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer INFO) CTPQRT Purpose: CTPQRT computes a blocked QR factorization of a complex 'triangular-pentagonal' matrix C, which is composed of a triangular block A and pentagonal block B, using the compact WY representation for Q. Parameters M M is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrix B. M >= 0. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix B, and the order of the triangular matrix A. N >= 0. L L is INTEGER The number of rows of the upper trapezoidal part of B. MIN(M,N) >= L >= 0. See Further Details. NB NB is INTEGER The block size to be used in the blocked QR. N >= NB >= 1. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,N) On entry, the upper triangular N-by-N matrix A. On exit, the elements on and above the diagonal of the array contain the upper triangular matrix R. LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,N). B B is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDB,N) On entry, the pentagonal M-by-N matrix B. The first M-L rows are rectangular, and the last L rows are upper trapezoidal. On exit, B contains the pentagonal matrix V. See Further Details. LDB LDB is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array B. LDB >= max(1,M). T T is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDT,N) The upper triangular block reflectors stored in compact form as a sequence of upper triangular blocks. See Further Details. LDT LDT is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array T. LDT >= NB. WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (NB*N) INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Further Details: The input matrix C is a (N+M)-by-N matrix C = [ A ] [ B ] where A is an upper triangular N-by-N matrix, and B is M-by-N pentagonal matrix consisting of a (M-L)-by-N rectangular matrix B1 on top of a L-by-N upper trapezoidal matrix B2: B = [ B1 ] <- (M-L)-by-N rectangular [ B2 ] <- L-by-N upper trapezoidal. The upper trapezoidal matrix B2 consists of the first L rows of a N-by-N upper triangular matrix, where 0 <= L <= MIN(M,N). If L=0, B is rectangular M-by-N; if M=L=N, B is upper triangular. The matrix W stores the elementary reflectors H(i) in the i-th column below the diagonal (of A) in the (N+M)-by-N input matrix C C = [ A ] <- upper triangular N-by-N [ B ] <- M-by-N pentagonal so that W can be represented as W = [ I ] <- identity, N-by-N [ V ] <- M-by-N, same form as B. Thus, all of information needed for W is contained on exit in B, which we call V above. Note that V has the same form as B; that is, V = [ V1 ] <- (M-L)-by-N rectangular [ V2 ] <- L-by-N upper trapezoidal. The columns of V represent the vectors which define the H(i)'s. The number of blocks is B = ceiling(N/NB), where each block is of order NB except for the last block, which is of order IB = N - (B-1)*NB. For each of the B blocks, a upper triangular block reflector factor is computed: T1, T2, ..., TB. The NB-by-NB (and IB-by-IB for the last block) T's are stored in the NB-by-N matrix T as T = [T1 T2 ... TB]. subroutine ctpqrt2 (integer M, integer N, integer L, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( ldb, * ) B, integer LDB, complex, dimension( ldt, * ) T, integer LDT, integer INFO) CTPQRT2 computes a QR factorization of a real or complex 'triangular-pentagonal' matrix, which is composed of a triangular block and a pentagonal block, using the compact WY representation for Q. Purpose: CTPQRT2 computes a QR factorization of a complex 'triangular-pentagonal' matrix C, which is composed of a triangular block A and pentagonal block B, using the compact WY representation for Q. Parameters M M is INTEGER The total number of rows of the matrix B. M >= 0. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix B, and the order of the triangular matrix A. N >= 0. L L is INTEGER The number of rows of the upper trapezoidal part of B. MIN(M,N) >= L >= 0. See Further Details. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,N) On entry, the upper triangular N-by-N matrix A. On exit, the elements on and above the diagonal of the array contain the upper triangular matrix R. LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,N). B B is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDB,N) On entry, the pentagonal M-by-N matrix B. The first M-L rows are rectangular, and the last L rows are upper trapezoidal. On exit, B contains the pentagonal matrix V. See Further Details. LDB LDB is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array B. LDB >= max(1,M). T T is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDT,N) The N-by-N upper triangular factor T of the block reflector. See Further Details. LDT LDT is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array T. LDT >= max(1,N) INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Further Details: The input matrix C is a (N+M)-by-N matrix C = [ A ] [ B ] where A is an upper triangular N-by-N matrix, and B is M-by-N pentagonal matrix consisting of a (M-L)-by-N rectangular matrix B1 on top of a L-by-N upper trapezoidal matrix B2: B = [ B1 ] <- (M-L)-by-N rectangular [ B2 ] <- L-by-N upper trapezoidal. The upper trapezoidal matrix B2 consists of the first L rows of a N-by-N upper triangular matrix, where 0 <= L <= MIN(M,N). If L=0, B is rectangular M-by-N; if M=L=N, B is upper triangular. The matrix W stores the elementary reflectors H(i) in the i-th column below the diagonal (of A) in the (N+M)-by-N input matrix C C = [ A ] <- upper triangular N-by-N [ B ] <- M-by-N pentagonal so that W can be represented as W = [ I ] <- identity, N-by-N [ V ] <- M-by-N, same form as B. Thus, all of information needed for W is contained on exit in B, which we call V above. Note that V has the same form as B; that is, V = [ V1 ] <- (M-L)-by-N rectangular [ V2 ] <- L-by-N upper trapezoidal. The columns of V represent the vectors which define the H(i)'s. The (M+N)-by-(M+N) block reflector H is then given by H = I - W * T * W**H where W**H is the conjugate transpose of W and T is the upper triangular factor of the block reflector. subroutine ctprfs (character UPLO, character TRANS, character DIAG, integer N, integer NRHS, complex, dimension( * ) AP, complex, dimension( ldb, * ) B, integer LDB, complex, dimension( ldx, * ) X, integer LDX, real, dimension( * ) FERR, real, dimension( * ) BERR, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, real, dimension( * ) RWORK, integer INFO) CTPRFS Purpose: CTPRFS provides error bounds and backward error estimates for the solution to a system of linear equations with a triangular packed coefficient matrix. The solution matrix X must be computed by CTPTRS or some other means before entering this routine. CTPRFS does not do iterative refinement because doing so cannot improve the backward error. Parameters UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': A is upper triangular; = 'L': A is lower triangular. TRANS TRANS is CHARACTER*1 Specifies the form of the system of equations: = 'N': A * X = B (No transpose) = 'T': A**T * X = B (Transpose) = 'C': A**H * X = B (Conjugate transpose) DIAG DIAG is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': A is non-unit triangular; = 'U': A is unit triangular. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. NRHS NRHS is INTEGER The number of right hand sides, i.e., the number of columns of the matrices B and X. NRHS >= 0. AP AP is COMPLEX array, dimension (N*(N+1)/2) The upper or lower triangular matrix A, packed columnwise in a linear array. The j-th column of A is stored in the array AP as follows: if UPLO = 'U', AP(i + (j-1)*j/2) = A(i,j) for 1<=i<=j; if UPLO = 'L', AP(i + (j-1)*(2n-j)/2) = A(i,j) for j<=i<=n. If DIAG = 'U', the diagonal elements of A are not referenced and are assumed to be 1. B B is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDB,NRHS) The right hand side matrix B. LDB LDB is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array B. LDB >= max(1,N). X X is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDX,NRHS) The solution matrix X. LDX LDX is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array X. LDX >= max(1,N). FERR FERR is REAL array, dimension (NRHS) The estimated forward error bound for each solution vector X(j) (the j-th column of the solution matrix X). If XTRUE is the true solution corresponding to X(j), FERR(j) is an estimated upper bound for the magnitude of the largest element in (X(j) - XTRUE) divided by the magnitude of the largest element in X(j). The estimate is as reliable as the estimate for RCOND, and is almost always a slight overestimate of the true error. BERR BERR is REAL array, dimension (NRHS) The componentwise relative backward error of each solution vector X(j) (i.e., the smallest relative change in any element of A or B that makes X(j) an exact solution). WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (2*N) RWORK RWORK is REAL array, dimension (N) INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine ctptri (character UPLO, character DIAG, integer N, complex, dimension( * ) AP, integer INFO) CTPTRI Purpose: CTPTRI computes the inverse of a complex upper or lower triangular matrix A stored in packed format. Parameters UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': A is upper triangular; = 'L': A is lower triangular. DIAG DIAG is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': A is non-unit triangular; = 'U': A is unit triangular. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. AP AP is COMPLEX array, dimension (N*(N+1)/2) On entry, the upper or lower triangular matrix A, stored columnwise in a linear array. The j-th column of A is stored in the array AP as follows: if UPLO = 'U', AP(i + (j-1)*j/2) = A(i,j) for 1<=i<=j; if UPLO = 'L', AP(i + (j-1)*((2*n-j)/2) = A(i,j) for j<=i<=n. See below for further details. On exit, the (triangular) inverse of the original matrix, in the same packed storage format. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value > 0: if INFO = i, A(i,i) is exactly zero. The triangular matrix is singular and its inverse can not be computed. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Further Details: A triangular matrix A can be transferred to packed storage using one of the following program segments: UPLO = 'U': UPLO = 'L': JC = 1 JC = 1 DO 2 J = 1, N DO 2 J = 1, N DO 1 I = 1, J DO 1 I = J, N AP(JC+I-1) = A(I,J) AP(JC+I-J) = A(I,J) 1 CONTINUE 1 CONTINUE JC = JC + J JC = JC + N - J + 1 2 CONTINUE 2 CONTINUE subroutine ctptrs (character UPLO, character TRANS, character DIAG, integer N, integer NRHS, complex, dimension( * ) AP, complex, dimension( ldb, * ) B, integer LDB, integer INFO) CTPTRS Purpose: CTPTRS solves a triangular system of the form A * X = B, A**T * X = B, or A**H * X = B, where A is a triangular matrix of order N stored in packed format, and B is an N-by-NRHS matrix. A check is made to verify that A is nonsingular. Parameters UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': A is upper triangular; = 'L': A is lower triangular. TRANS TRANS is CHARACTER*1 Specifies the form of the system of equations: = 'N': A * X = B (No transpose) = 'T': A**T * X = B (Transpose) = 'C': A**H * X = B (Conjugate transpose) DIAG DIAG is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': A is non-unit triangular; = 'U': A is unit triangular. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. NRHS NRHS is INTEGER The number of right hand sides, i.e., the number of columns of the matrix B. NRHS >= 0. AP AP is COMPLEX array, dimension (N*(N+1)/2) The upper or lower triangular matrix A, packed columnwise in a linear array. The j-th column of A is stored in the array AP as follows: if UPLO = 'U', AP(i + (j-1)*j/2) = A(i,j) for 1<=i<=j; if UPLO = 'L', AP(i + (j-1)*(2*n-j)/2) = A(i,j) for j<=i<=n. B B is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDB,NRHS) On entry, the right hand side matrix B. On exit, if INFO = 0, the solution matrix X. LDB LDB is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array B. LDB >= max(1,N). INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value > 0: if INFO = i, the i-th diagonal element of A is zero, indicating that the matrix is singular and the solutions X have not been computed. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine ctpttf (character TRANSR, character UPLO, integer N, complex, dimension( 0: * ) AP, complex, dimension( 0: * ) ARF, integer INFO) CTPTTF copies a triangular matrix from the standard packed format (TP) to the rectangular full packed format (TF). Purpose: CTPTTF copies a triangular matrix A from standard packed format (TP) to rectangular full packed format (TF). Parameters TRANSR TRANSR is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': ARF in Normal format is wanted; = 'C': ARF in Conjugate-transpose format is wanted. UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': A is upper triangular; = 'L': A is lower triangular. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. AP AP is COMPLEX array, dimension ( N*(N+1)/2 ), On entry, the upper or lower triangular matrix A, packed columnwise in a linear array. The j-th column of A is stored in the array AP as follows: if UPLO = 'U', AP(i + (j-1)*j/2) = A(i,j) for 1<=i<=j; if UPLO = 'L', AP(i + (j-1)*(2n-j)/2) = A(i,j) for j<=i<=n. ARF ARF is COMPLEX array, dimension ( N*(N+1)/2 ), On exit, the upper or lower triangular matrix A stored in RFP format. For a further discussion see Notes below. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Further Details: We first consider Standard Packed Format when N is even. We give an example where N = 6. AP is Upper AP is Lower 00 01 02 03 04 05 00 11 12 13 14 15 10 11 22 23 24 25 20 21 22 33 34 35 30 31 32 33 44 45 40 41 42 43 44 55 50 51 52 53 54 55 Let TRANSR = 'N'. RFP holds AP as follows: For UPLO = 'U' the upper trapezoid A(0:5,0:2) consists of the last three columns of AP upper. The lower triangle A(4:6,0:2) consists of conjugate-transpose of the first three columns of AP upper. For UPLO = 'L' the lower trapezoid A(1:6,0:2) consists of the first three columns of AP lower. The upper triangle A(0:2,0:2) consists of conjugate-transpose of the last three columns of AP lower. To denote conjugate we place -- above the element. This covers the case N even and TRANSR = 'N'. RFP A RFP A -- -- -- 03 04 05 33 43 53 -- -- 13 14 15 00 44 54 -- 23 24 25 10 11 55 33 34 35 20 21 22 -- 00 44 45 30 31 32 -- -- 01 11 55 40 41 42 -- -- -- 02 12 22 50 51 52 Now let TRANSR = 'C'. RFP A in both UPLO cases is just the conjugate- transpose of RFP A above. One therefore gets: RFP A RFP A -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 03 13 23 33 00 01 02 33 00 10 20 30 40 50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 04 14 24 34 44 11 12 43 44 11 21 31 41 51 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 05 15 25 35 45 55 22 53 54 55 22 32 42 52 We next consider Standard Packed Format when N is odd. We give an example where N = 5. AP is Upper AP is Lower 00 01 02 03 04 00 11 12 13 14 10 11 22 23 24 20 21 22 33 34 30 31 32 33 44 40 41 42 43 44 Let TRANSR = 'N'. RFP holds AP as follows: For UPLO = 'U' the upper trapezoid A(0:4,0:2) consists of the last three columns of AP upper. The lower triangle A(3:4,0:1) consists of conjugate-transpose of the first two columns of AP upper. For UPLO = 'L' the lower trapezoid A(0:4,0:2) consists of the first three columns of AP lower. The upper triangle A(0:1,1:2) consists of conjugate-transpose of the last two columns of AP lower. To denote conjugate we place -- above the element. This covers the case N odd and TRANSR = 'N'. RFP A RFP A -- -- 02 03 04 00 33 43 -- 12 13 14 10 11 44 22 23 24 20 21 22 -- 00 33 34 30 31 32 -- -- 01 11 44 40 41 42 Now let TRANSR = 'C'. RFP A in both UPLO cases is just the conjugate- transpose of RFP A above. One therefore gets: RFP A RFP A -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 02 12 22 00 01 00 10 20 30 40 50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 03 13 23 33 11 33 11 21 31 41 51 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 04 14 24 34 44 43 44 22 32 42 52 subroutine ctpttr (character UPLO, integer N, complex, dimension( * ) AP, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, integer INFO) CTPTTR copies a triangular matrix from the standard packed format (TP) to the standard full format (TR). Purpose: CTPTTR copies a triangular matrix A from standard packed format (TP) to standard full format (TR). Parameters UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': A is upper triangular. = 'L': A is lower triangular. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. AP AP is COMPLEX array, dimension ( N*(N+1)/2 ), On entry, the upper or lower triangular matrix A, packed columnwise in a linear array. The j-th column of A is stored in the array AP as follows: if UPLO = 'U', AP(i + (j-1)*j/2) = A(i,j) for 1<=i<=j; if UPLO = 'L', AP(i + (j-1)*(2n-j)/2) = A(i,j) for j<=i<=n. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension ( LDA, N ) On exit, the triangular matrix A. If UPLO = 'U', the leading N-by-N upper triangular part of A contains the upper triangular part of the matrix A, and the strictly lower triangular part of A is not referenced. If UPLO = 'L', the leading N-by-N lower triangular part of A contains the lower triangular part of the matrix A, and the strictly upper triangular part of A is not referenced. LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,N). INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine ctrcon (character NORM, character UPLO, character DIAG, integer N, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, real RCOND, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, real, dimension( * ) RWORK, integer INFO) CTRCON Purpose: CTRCON estimates the reciprocal of the condition number of a triangular matrix A, in either the 1-norm or the infinity-norm. The norm of A is computed and an estimate is obtained for norm(inv(A)), then the reciprocal of the condition number is computed as RCOND = 1 / ( norm(A) * norm(inv(A)) ). Parameters NORM NORM is CHARACTER*1 Specifies whether the 1-norm condition number or the infinity-norm condition number is required: = '1' or 'O': 1-norm; = 'I': Infinity-norm. UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': A is upper triangular; = 'L': A is lower triangular. DIAG DIAG is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': A is non-unit triangular; = 'U': A is unit triangular. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,N) The triangular matrix A. If UPLO = 'U', the leading N-by-N upper triangular part of the array A contains the upper triangular matrix, and the strictly lower triangular part of A is not referenced. If UPLO = 'L', the leading N-by-N lower triangular part of the array A contains the lower triangular matrix, and the strictly upper triangular part of A is not referenced. If DIAG = 'U', the diagonal elements of A are also not referenced and are assumed to be 1. LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,N). RCOND RCOND is REAL The reciprocal of the condition number of the matrix A, computed as RCOND = 1/(norm(A) * norm(inv(A))). WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (2*N) RWORK RWORK is REAL array, dimension (N) INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine ctrevc (character SIDE, character HOWMNY, logical, dimension( * ) SELECT, integer N, complex, dimension( ldt, * ) T, integer LDT, complex, dimension( ldvl, * ) VL, integer LDVL, complex, dimension( ldvr, * ) VR, integer LDVR, integer MM, integer M, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, real, dimension( * ) RWORK, integer INFO) CTREVC Purpose: CTREVC computes some or all of the right and/or left eigenvectors of a complex upper triangular matrix T. Matrices of this type are produced by the Schur factorization of a complex general matrix: A = Q*T*Q**H, as computed by CHSEQR. The right eigenvector x and the left eigenvector y of T corresponding to an eigenvalue w are defined by: T*x = w*x, (y**H)*T = w*(y**H) where y**H denotes the conjugate transpose of the vector y. The eigenvalues are not input to this routine, but are read directly from the diagonal of T. This routine returns the matrices X and/or Y of right and left eigenvectors of T, or the products Q*X and/or Q*Y, where Q is an input matrix. If Q is the unitary factor that reduces a matrix A to Schur form T, then Q*X and Q*Y are the matrices of right and left eigenvectors of A. Parameters SIDE SIDE is CHARACTER*1 = 'R': compute right eigenvectors only; = 'L': compute left eigenvectors only; = 'B': compute both right and left eigenvectors. HOWMNY HOWMNY is CHARACTER*1 = 'A': compute all right and/or left eigenvectors; = 'B': compute all right and/or left eigenvectors, backtransformed using the matrices supplied in VR and/or VL; = 'S': compute selected right and/or left eigenvectors, as indicated by the logical array SELECT. SELECT SELECT is LOGICAL array, dimension (N) If HOWMNY = 'S', SELECT specifies the eigenvectors to be computed. The eigenvector corresponding to the j-th eigenvalue is computed if SELECT(j) = .TRUE.. Not referenced if HOWMNY = 'A' or 'B'. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix T. N >= 0. T T is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDT,N) The upper triangular matrix T. T is modified, but restored on exit. LDT LDT is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array T. LDT >= max(1,N). VL VL is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDVL,MM) On entry, if SIDE = 'L' or 'B' and HOWMNY = 'B', VL must contain an N-by-N matrix Q (usually the unitary matrix Q of Schur vectors returned by CHSEQR). On exit, if SIDE = 'L' or 'B', VL contains: if HOWMNY = 'A', the matrix Y of left eigenvectors of T; if HOWMNY = 'B', the matrix Q*Y; if HOWMNY = 'S', the left eigenvectors of T specified by SELECT, stored consecutively in the columns of VL, in the same order as their eigenvalues. Not referenced if SIDE = 'R'. LDVL LDVL is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array VL. LDVL >= 1, and if SIDE = 'L' or 'B', LDVL >= N. VR VR is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDVR,MM) On entry, if SIDE = 'R' or 'B' and HOWMNY = 'B', VR must contain an N-by-N matrix Q (usually the unitary matrix Q of Schur vectors returned by CHSEQR). On exit, if SIDE = 'R' or 'B', VR contains: if HOWMNY = 'A', the matrix X of right eigenvectors of T; if HOWMNY = 'B', the matrix Q*X; if HOWMNY = 'S', the right eigenvectors of T specified by SELECT, stored consecutively in the columns of VR, in the same order as their eigenvalues. Not referenced if SIDE = 'L'. LDVR LDVR is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array VR. LDVR >= 1, and if SIDE = 'R' or 'B'; LDVR >= N. MM MM is INTEGER The number of columns in the arrays VL and/or VR. MM >= M. M M is INTEGER The number of columns in the arrays VL and/or VR actually used to store the eigenvectors. If HOWMNY = 'A' or 'B', M is set to N. Each selected eigenvector occupies one column. WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (2*N) RWORK RWORK is REAL array, dimension (N) INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Further Details: The algorithm used in this program is basically backward (forward) substitution, with scaling to make the the code robust against possible overflow. Each eigenvector is normalized so that the element of largest magnitude has magnitude 1; here the magnitude of a complex number (x,y) is taken to be |x| + |y|. subroutine ctrevc3 (character SIDE, character HOWMNY, logical, dimension( * ) SELECT, integer N, complex, dimension( ldt, * ) T, integer LDT, complex, dimension( ldvl, * ) VL, integer LDVL, complex, dimension( ldvr, * ) VR, integer LDVR, integer MM, integer M, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer LWORK, real, dimension( * ) RWORK, integer LRWORK, integer INFO) CTREVC3 Purpose: CTREVC3 computes some or all of the right and/or left eigenvectors of a complex upper triangular matrix T. Matrices of this type are produced by the Schur factorization of a complex general matrix: A = Q*T*Q**H, as computed by CHSEQR. The right eigenvector x and the left eigenvector y of T corresponding to an eigenvalue w are defined by: T*x = w*x, (y**H)*T = w*(y**H) where y**H denotes the conjugate transpose of the vector y. The eigenvalues are not input to this routine, but are read directly from the diagonal of T. This routine returns the matrices X and/or Y of right and left eigenvectors of T, or the products Q*X and/or Q*Y, where Q is an input matrix. If Q is the unitary factor that reduces a matrix A to Schur form T, then Q*X and Q*Y are the matrices of right and left eigenvectors of A. This uses a Level 3 BLAS version of the back transformation. Parameters SIDE SIDE is CHARACTER*1 = 'R': compute right eigenvectors only; = 'L': compute left eigenvectors only; = 'B': compute both right and left eigenvectors. HOWMNY HOWMNY is CHARACTER*1 = 'A': compute all right and/or left eigenvectors; = 'B': compute all right and/or left eigenvectors, backtransformed using the matrices supplied in VR and/or VL; = 'S': compute selected right and/or left eigenvectors, as indicated by the logical array SELECT. SELECT SELECT is LOGICAL array, dimension (N) If HOWMNY = 'S', SELECT specifies the eigenvectors to be computed. The eigenvector corresponding to the j-th eigenvalue is computed if SELECT(j) = .TRUE.. Not referenced if HOWMNY = 'A' or 'B'. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix T. N >= 0. T T is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDT,N) The upper triangular matrix T. T is modified, but restored on exit. LDT LDT is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array T. LDT >= max(1,N). VL VL is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDVL,MM) On entry, if SIDE = 'L' or 'B' and HOWMNY = 'B', VL must contain an N-by-N matrix Q (usually the unitary matrix Q of Schur vectors returned by CHSEQR). On exit, if SIDE = 'L' or 'B', VL contains: if HOWMNY = 'A', the matrix Y of left eigenvectors of T; if HOWMNY = 'B', the matrix Q*Y; if HOWMNY = 'S', the left eigenvectors of T specified by SELECT, stored consecutively in the columns of VL, in the same order as their eigenvalues. Not referenced if SIDE = 'R'. LDVL LDVL is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array VL. LDVL >= 1, and if SIDE = 'L' or 'B', LDVL >= N. VR VR is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDVR,MM) On entry, if SIDE = 'R' or 'B' and HOWMNY = 'B', VR must contain an N-by-N matrix Q (usually the unitary matrix Q of Schur vectors returned by CHSEQR). On exit, if SIDE = 'R' or 'B', VR contains: if HOWMNY = 'A', the matrix X of right eigenvectors of T; if HOWMNY = 'B', the matrix Q*X; if HOWMNY = 'S', the right eigenvectors of T specified by SELECT, stored consecutively in the columns of VR, in the same order as their eigenvalues. Not referenced if SIDE = 'L'. LDVR LDVR is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array VR. LDVR >= 1, and if SIDE = 'R' or 'B', LDVR >= N. MM MM is INTEGER The number of columns in the arrays VL and/or VR. MM >= M. M M is INTEGER The number of columns in the arrays VL and/or VR actually used to store the eigenvectors. If HOWMNY = 'A' or 'B', M is set to N. Each selected eigenvector occupies one column. WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK)) LWORK LWORK is INTEGER The dimension of array WORK. LWORK >= max(1,2*N). For optimum performance, LWORK >= N + 2*N*NB, where NB is the optimal blocksize. If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA. RWORK RWORK is REAL array, dimension (LRWORK) LRWORK LRWORK is INTEGER The dimension of array RWORK. LRWORK >= max(1,N). If LRWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the RWORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the RWORK array, and no error message related to LRWORK is issued by XERBLA. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Further Details: The algorithm used in this program is basically backward (forward) substitution, with scaling to make the the code robust against possible overflow. Each eigenvector is normalized so that the element of largest magnitude has magnitude 1; here the magnitude of a complex number (x,y) is taken to be |x| + |y|. subroutine ctrexc (character COMPQ, integer N, complex, dimension( ldt, * ) T, integer LDT, complex, dimension( ldq, * ) Q, integer LDQ, integer IFST, integer ILST, integer INFO) CTREXC Purpose: CTREXC reorders the Schur factorization of a complex matrix A = Q*T*Q**H, so that the diagonal element of T with row index IFST is moved to row ILST. The Schur form T is reordered by a unitary similarity transformation Z**H*T*Z, and optionally the matrix Q of Schur vectors is updated by postmultplying it with Z. Parameters COMPQ COMPQ is CHARACTER*1 = 'V': update the matrix Q of Schur vectors; = 'N': do not update Q. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix T. N >= 0. If N == 0 arguments ILST and IFST may be any value. T T is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDT,N) On entry, the upper triangular matrix T. On exit, the reordered upper triangular matrix. LDT LDT is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array T. LDT >= max(1,N). Q Q is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDQ,N) On entry, if COMPQ = 'V', the matrix Q of Schur vectors. On exit, if COMPQ = 'V', Q has been postmultiplied by the unitary transformation matrix Z which reorders T. If COMPQ = 'N', Q is not referenced. LDQ LDQ is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array Q. LDQ >= 1, and if COMPQ = 'V', LDQ >= max(1,N). IFST IFST is INTEGER ILST ILST is INTEGER Specify the reordering of the diagonal elements of T: The element with row index IFST is moved to row ILST by a sequence of transpositions between adjacent elements. 1 <= IFST <= N; 1 <= ILST <= N. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine ctrrfs (character UPLO, character TRANS, character DIAG, integer N, integer NRHS, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( ldb, * ) B, integer LDB, complex, dimension( ldx, * ) X, integer LDX, real, dimension( * ) FERR, real, dimension( * ) BERR, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, real, dimension( * ) RWORK, integer INFO) CTRRFS Purpose: CTRRFS provides error bounds and backward error estimates for the solution to a system of linear equations with a triangular coefficient matrix. The solution matrix X must be computed by CTRTRS or some other means before entering this routine. CTRRFS does not do iterative refinement because doing so cannot improve the backward error. Parameters UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': A is upper triangular; = 'L': A is lower triangular. TRANS TRANS is CHARACTER*1 Specifies the form of the system of equations: = 'N': A * X = B (No transpose) = 'T': A**T * X = B (Transpose) = 'C': A**H * X = B (Conjugate transpose) DIAG DIAG is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': A is non-unit triangular; = 'U': A is unit triangular. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. NRHS NRHS is INTEGER The number of right hand sides, i.e., the number of columns of the matrices B and X. NRHS >= 0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,N) The triangular matrix A. If UPLO = 'U', the leading N-by-N upper triangular part of the array A contains the upper triangular matrix, and the strictly lower triangular part of A is not referenced. If UPLO = 'L', the leading N-by-N lower triangular part of the array A contains the lower triangular matrix, and the strictly upper triangular part of A is not referenced. If DIAG = 'U', the diagonal elements of A are also not referenced and are assumed to be 1. LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,N). B B is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDB,NRHS) The right hand side matrix B. LDB LDB is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array B. LDB >= max(1,N). X X is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDX,NRHS) The solution matrix X. LDX LDX is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array X. LDX >= max(1,N). FERR FERR is REAL array, dimension (NRHS) The estimated forward error bound for each solution vector X(j) (the j-th column of the solution matrix X). If XTRUE is the true solution corresponding to X(j), FERR(j) is an estimated upper bound for the magnitude of the largest element in (X(j) - XTRUE) divided by the magnitude of the largest element in X(j). The estimate is as reliable as the estimate for RCOND, and is almost always a slight overestimate of the true error. BERR BERR is REAL array, dimension (NRHS) The componentwise relative backward error of each solution vector X(j) (i.e., the smallest relative change in any element of A or B that makes X(j) an exact solution). WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (2*N) RWORK RWORK is REAL array, dimension (N) INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine ctrsen (character JOB, character COMPQ, logical, dimension( * ) SELECT, integer N, complex, dimension( ldt, * ) T, integer LDT, complex, dimension( ldq, * ) Q, integer LDQ, complex, dimension( * ) W, integer M, real S, real SEP, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer LWORK, integer INFO) CTRSEN Purpose: CTRSEN reorders the Schur factorization of a complex matrix A = Q*T*Q**H, so that a selected cluster of eigenvalues appears in the leading positions on the diagonal of the upper triangular matrix T, and the leading columns of Q form an orthonormal basis of the corresponding right invariant subspace. Optionally the routine computes the reciprocal condition numbers of the cluster of eigenvalues and/or the invariant subspace. Parameters JOB JOB is CHARACTER*1 Specifies whether condition numbers are required for the cluster of eigenvalues (S) or the invariant subspace (SEP): = 'N': none; = 'E': for eigenvalues only (S); = 'V': for invariant subspace only (SEP); = 'B': for both eigenvalues and invariant subspace (S and SEP). COMPQ COMPQ is CHARACTER*1 = 'V': update the matrix Q of Schur vectors; = 'N': do not update Q. SELECT SELECT is LOGICAL array, dimension (N) SELECT specifies the eigenvalues in the selected cluster. To select the j-th eigenvalue, SELECT(j) must be set to .TRUE.. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix T. N >= 0. T T is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDT,N) On entry, the upper triangular matrix T. On exit, T is overwritten by the reordered matrix T, with the selected eigenvalues as the leading diagonal elements. LDT LDT is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array T. LDT >= max(1,N). Q Q is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDQ,N) On entry, if COMPQ = 'V', the matrix Q of Schur vectors. On exit, if COMPQ = 'V', Q has been postmultiplied by the unitary transformation matrix which reorders T; the leading M columns of Q form an orthonormal basis for the specified invariant subspace. If COMPQ = 'N', Q is not referenced. LDQ LDQ is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array Q. LDQ >= 1; and if COMPQ = 'V', LDQ >= N. W W is COMPLEX array, dimension (N) The reordered eigenvalues of T, in the same order as they appear on the diagonal of T. M M is INTEGER The dimension of the specified invariant subspace. 0 <= M <= N. S S is REAL If JOB = 'E' or 'B', S is a lower bound on the reciprocal condition number for the selected cluster of eigenvalues. S cannot underestimate the true reciprocal condition number by more than a factor of sqrt(N). If M = 0 or N, S = 1. If JOB = 'N' or 'V', S is not referenced. SEP SEP is REAL If JOB = 'V' or 'B', SEP is the estimated reciprocal condition number of the specified invariant subspace. If M = 0 or N, SEP = norm(T). If JOB = 'N' or 'E', SEP is not referenced. WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK)) On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK. LWORK LWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array WORK. If JOB = 'N', LWORK >= 1; if JOB = 'E', LWORK = max(1,M*(N-M)); if JOB = 'V' or 'B', LWORK >= max(1,2*M*(N-M)). If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Further Details: CTRSEN first collects the selected eigenvalues by computing a unitary transformation Z to move them to the top left corner of T. In other words, the selected eigenvalues are the eigenvalues of T11 in: Z**H * T * Z = ( T11 T12 ) n1 ( 0 T22 ) n2 n1 n2 where N = n1+n2. The first n1 columns of Z span the specified invariant subspace of T. If T has been obtained from the Schur factorization of a matrix A = Q*T*Q**H, then the reordered Schur factorization of A is given by A = (Q*Z)*(Z**H*T*Z)*(Q*Z)**H, and the first n1 columns of Q*Z span the corresponding invariant subspace of A. The reciprocal condition number of the average of the eigenvalues of T11 may be returned in S. S lies between 0 (very badly conditioned) and 1 (very well conditioned). It is computed as follows. First we compute R so that P = ( I R ) n1 ( 0 0 ) n2 n1 n2 is the projector on the invariant subspace associated with T11. R is the solution of the Sylvester equation: T11*R - R*T22 = T12. Let F-norm(M) denote the Frobenius-norm of M and 2-norm(M) denote the two-norm of M. Then S is computed as the lower bound (1 + F-norm(R)**2)**(-1/2) on the reciprocal of 2-norm(P), the true reciprocal condition number. S cannot underestimate 1 / 2-norm(P) by more than a factor of sqrt(N). An approximate error bound for the computed average of the eigenvalues of T11 is EPS * norm(T) / S where EPS is the machine precision. The reciprocal condition number of the right invariant subspace spanned by the first n1 columns of Z (or of Q*Z) is returned in SEP. SEP is defined as the separation of T11 and T22: sep( T11, T22 ) = sigma-min( C ) where sigma-min(C) is the smallest singular value of the n1*n2-by-n1*n2 matrix C = kprod( I(n2), T11 ) - kprod( transpose(T22), I(n1) ) I(m) is an m by m identity matrix, and kprod denotes the Kronecker product. We estimate sigma-min(C) by the reciprocal of an estimate of the 1-norm of inverse(C). The true reciprocal 1-norm of inverse(C) cannot differ from sigma-min(C) by more than a factor of sqrt(n1*n2). When SEP is small, small changes in T can cause large changes in the invariant subspace. An approximate bound on the maximum angular error in the computed right invariant subspace is EPS * norm(T) / SEP subroutine ctrsna (character JOB, character HOWMNY, logical, dimension( * ) SELECT, integer N, complex, dimension( ldt, * ) T, integer LDT, complex, dimension( ldvl, * ) VL, integer LDVL, complex, dimension( ldvr, * ) VR, integer LDVR, real, dimension( * ) S, real, dimension( * ) SEP, integer MM, integer M, complex, dimension( ldwork, * ) WORK, integer LDWORK, real, dimension( * ) RWORK, integer INFO) CTRSNA Purpose: CTRSNA estimates reciprocal condition numbers for specified eigenvalues and/or right eigenvectors of a complex upper triangular matrix T (or of any matrix Q*T*Q**H with Q unitary). Parameters JOB JOB is CHARACTER*1 Specifies whether condition numbers are required for eigenvalues (S) or eigenvectors (SEP): = 'E': for eigenvalues only (S); = 'V': for eigenvectors only (SEP); = 'B': for both eigenvalues and eigenvectors (S and SEP). HOWMNY HOWMNY is CHARACTER*1 = 'A': compute condition numbers for all eigenpairs; = 'S': compute condition numbers for selected eigenpairs specified by the array SELECT. SELECT SELECT is LOGICAL array, dimension (N) If HOWMNY = 'S', SELECT specifies the eigenpairs for which condition numbers are required. To select condition numbers for the j-th eigenpair, SELECT(j) must be set to .TRUE.. If HOWMNY = 'A', SELECT is not referenced. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix T. N >= 0. T T is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDT,N) The upper triangular matrix T. LDT LDT is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array T. LDT >= max(1,N). VL VL is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDVL,M) If JOB = 'E' or 'B', VL must contain left eigenvectors of T (or of any Q*T*Q**H with Q unitary), corresponding to the eigenpairs specified by HOWMNY and SELECT. The eigenvectors must be stored in consecutive columns of VL, as returned by CHSEIN or CTREVC. If JOB = 'V', VL is not referenced. LDVL LDVL is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array VL. LDVL >= 1; and if JOB = 'E' or 'B', LDVL >= N. VR VR is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDVR,M) If JOB = 'E' or 'B', VR must contain right eigenvectors of T (or of any Q*T*Q**H with Q unitary), corresponding to the eigenpairs specified by HOWMNY and SELECT. The eigenvectors must be stored in consecutive columns of VR, as returned by CHSEIN or CTREVC. If JOB = 'V', VR is not referenced. LDVR LDVR is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array VR. LDVR >= 1; and if JOB = 'E' or 'B', LDVR >= N. S S is REAL array, dimension (MM) If JOB = 'E' or 'B', the reciprocal condition numbers of the selected eigenvalues, stored in consecutive elements of the array. Thus S(j), SEP(j), and the j-th columns of VL and VR all correspond to the same eigenpair (but not in general the j-th eigenpair, unless all eigenpairs are selected). If JOB = 'V', S is not referenced. SEP SEP is REAL array, dimension (MM) If JOB = 'V' or 'B', the estimated reciprocal condition numbers of the selected eigenvectors, stored in consecutive elements of the array. If JOB = 'E', SEP is not referenced. MM MM is INTEGER The number of elements in the arrays S (if JOB = 'E' or 'B') and/or SEP (if JOB = 'V' or 'B'). MM >= M. M M is INTEGER The number of elements of the arrays S and/or SEP actually used to store the estimated condition numbers. If HOWMNY = 'A', M is set to N. WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDWORK,N+6) If JOB = 'E', WORK is not referenced. LDWORK LDWORK is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array WORK. LDWORK >= 1; and if JOB = 'V' or 'B', LDWORK >= N. RWORK RWORK is REAL array, dimension (N) If JOB = 'E', RWORK is not referenced. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Further Details: The reciprocal of the condition number of an eigenvalue lambda is defined as S(lambda) = |v**H*u| / (norm(u)*norm(v)) where u and v are the right and left eigenvectors of T corresponding to lambda; v**H denotes the conjugate transpose of v, and norm(u) denotes the Euclidean norm. These reciprocal condition numbers always lie between zero (very badly conditioned) and one (very well conditioned). If n = 1, S(lambda) is defined to be 1. An approximate error bound for a computed eigenvalue W(i) is given by EPS * norm(T) / S(i) where EPS is the machine precision. The reciprocal of the condition number of the right eigenvector u corresponding to lambda is defined as follows. Suppose T = ( lambda c ) ( 0 T22 ) Then the reciprocal condition number is SEP( lambda, T22 ) = sigma-min( T22 - lambda*I ) where sigma-min denotes the smallest singular value. We approximate the smallest singular value by the reciprocal of an estimate of the one-norm of the inverse of T22 - lambda*I. If n = 1, SEP(1) is defined to be abs(T(1,1)). An approximate error bound for a computed right eigenvector VR(i) is given by EPS * norm(T) / SEP(i) subroutine ctrti2 (character UPLO, character DIAG, integer N, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, integer INFO) CTRTI2 computes the inverse of a triangular matrix (unblocked algorithm). Purpose: CTRTI2 computes the inverse of a complex upper or lower triangular matrix. This is the Level 2 BLAS version of the algorithm. Parameters UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 Specifies whether the matrix A is upper or lower triangular. = 'U': Upper triangular = 'L': Lower triangular DIAG DIAG is CHARACTER*1 Specifies whether or not the matrix A is unit triangular. = 'N': Non-unit triangular = 'U': Unit triangular N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,N) On entry, the triangular matrix A. If UPLO = 'U', the leading n by n upper triangular part of the array A contains the upper triangular matrix, and the strictly lower triangular part of A is not referenced. If UPLO = 'L', the leading n by n lower triangular part of the array A contains the lower triangular matrix, and the strictly upper triangular part of A is not referenced. If DIAG = 'U', the diagonal elements of A are also not referenced and are assumed to be 1. On exit, the (triangular) inverse of the original matrix, in the same storage format. LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,N). INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -k, the k-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine ctrtri (character UPLO, character DIAG, integer N, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, integer INFO) CTRTRI Purpose: CTRTRI computes the inverse of a complex upper or lower triangular matrix A. This is the Level 3 BLAS version of the algorithm. Parameters UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': A is upper triangular; = 'L': A is lower triangular. DIAG DIAG is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': A is non-unit triangular; = 'U': A is unit triangular. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,N) On entry, the triangular matrix A. If UPLO = 'U', the leading N-by-N upper triangular part of the array A contains the upper triangular matrix, and the strictly lower triangular part of A is not referenced. If UPLO = 'L', the leading N-by-N lower triangular part of the array A contains the lower triangular matrix, and the strictly upper triangular part of A is not referenced. If DIAG = 'U', the diagonal elements of A are also not referenced and are assumed to be 1. On exit, the (triangular) inverse of the original matrix, in the same storage format. LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,N). INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value > 0: if INFO = i, A(i,i) is exactly zero. The triangular matrix is singular and its inverse can not be computed. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine ctrtrs (character UPLO, character TRANS, character DIAG, integer N, integer NRHS, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( ldb, * ) B, integer LDB, integer INFO) CTRTRS Purpose: CTRTRS solves a triangular system of the form A * X = B, A**T * X = B, or A**H * X = B, where A is a triangular matrix of order N, and B is an N-by-NRHS matrix. A check is made to verify that A is nonsingular. Parameters UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': A is upper triangular; = 'L': A is lower triangular. TRANS TRANS is CHARACTER*1 Specifies the form of the system of equations: = 'N': A * X = B (No transpose) = 'T': A**T * X = B (Transpose) = 'C': A**H * X = B (Conjugate transpose) DIAG DIAG is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': A is non-unit triangular; = 'U': A is unit triangular. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. NRHS NRHS is INTEGER The number of right hand sides, i.e., the number of columns of the matrix B. NRHS >= 0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,N) The triangular matrix A. If UPLO = 'U', the leading N-by-N upper triangular part of the array A contains the upper triangular matrix, and the strictly lower triangular part of A is not referenced. If UPLO = 'L', the leading N-by-N lower triangular part of the array A contains the lower triangular matrix, and the strictly upper triangular part of A is not referenced. If DIAG = 'U', the diagonal elements of A are also not referenced and are assumed to be 1. LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,N). B B is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDB,NRHS) On entry, the right hand side matrix B. On exit, if INFO = 0, the solution matrix X. LDB LDB is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array B. LDB >= max(1,N). INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value > 0: if INFO = i, the i-th diagonal element of A is zero, indicating that the matrix is singular and the solutions X have not been computed. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine ctrttf (character TRANSR, character UPLO, integer N, complex, dimension( 0: lda-1, 0: * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( 0: * ) ARF, integer INFO) CTRTTF copies a triangular matrix from the standard full format (TR) to the rectangular full packed format (TF). Purpose: CTRTTF copies a triangular matrix A from standard full format (TR) to rectangular full packed format (TF) . Parameters TRANSR TRANSR is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': ARF in Normal mode is wanted; = 'C': ARF in Conjugate Transpose mode is wanted; UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': A is upper triangular; = 'L': A is lower triangular. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension ( LDA, N ) On entry, the triangular matrix A. If UPLO = 'U', the leading N-by-N upper triangular part of the array A contains the upper triangular matrix, and the strictly lower triangular part of A is not referenced. If UPLO = 'L', the leading N-by-N lower triangular part of the array A contains the lower triangular matrix, and the strictly upper triangular part of A is not referenced. LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the matrix A. LDA >= max(1,N). ARF ARF is COMPLEX array, dimension ( N*(N+1)/2 ), On exit, the upper or lower triangular matrix A stored in RFP format. For a further discussion see Notes below. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Further Details: We first consider Standard Packed Format when N is even. We give an example where N = 6. AP is Upper AP is Lower 00 01 02 03 04 05 00 11 12 13 14 15 10 11 22 23 24 25 20 21 22 33 34 35 30 31 32 33 44 45 40 41 42 43 44 55 50 51 52 53 54 55 Let TRANSR = 'N'. RFP holds AP as follows: For UPLO = 'U' the upper trapezoid A(0:5,0:2) consists of the last three columns of AP upper. The lower triangle A(4:6,0:2) consists of conjugate-transpose of the first three columns of AP upper. For UPLO = 'L' the lower trapezoid A(1:6,0:2) consists of the first three columns of AP lower. The upper triangle A(0:2,0:2) consists of conjugate-transpose of the last three columns of AP lower. To denote conjugate we place -- above the element. This covers the case N even and TRANSR = 'N'. RFP A RFP A -- -- -- 03 04 05 33 43 53 -- -- 13 14 15 00 44 54 -- 23 24 25 10 11 55 33 34 35 20 21 22 -- 00 44 45 30 31 32 -- -- 01 11 55 40 41 42 -- -- -- 02 12 22 50 51 52 Now let TRANSR = 'C'. RFP A in both UPLO cases is just the conjugate- transpose of RFP A above. One therefore gets: RFP A RFP A -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 03 13 23 33 00 01 02 33 00 10 20 30 40 50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 04 14 24 34 44 11 12 43 44 11 21 31 41 51 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 05 15 25 35 45 55 22 53 54 55 22 32 42 52 We next consider Standard Packed Format when N is odd. We give an example where N = 5. AP is Upper AP is Lower 00 01 02 03 04 00 11 12 13 14 10 11 22 23 24 20 21 22 33 34 30 31 32 33 44 40 41 42 43 44 Let TRANSR = 'N'. RFP holds AP as follows: For UPLO = 'U' the upper trapezoid A(0:4,0:2) consists of the last three columns of AP upper. The lower triangle A(3:4,0:1) consists of conjugate-transpose of the first two columns of AP upper. For UPLO = 'L' the lower trapezoid A(0:4,0:2) consists of the first three columns of AP lower. The upper triangle A(0:1,1:2) consists of conjugate-transpose of the last two columns of AP lower. To denote conjugate we place -- above the element. This covers the case N odd and TRANSR = 'N'. RFP A RFP A -- -- 02 03 04 00 33 43 -- 12 13 14 10 11 44 22 23 24 20 21 22 -- 00 33 34 30 31 32 -- -- 01 11 44 40 41 42 Now let TRANSR = 'C'. RFP A in both UPLO cases is just the conjugate- transpose of RFP A above. One therefore gets: RFP A RFP A -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 02 12 22 00 01 00 10 20 30 40 50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 03 13 23 33 11 33 11 21 31 41 51 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 04 14 24 34 44 43 44 22 32 42 52 subroutine ctrttp (character UPLO, integer N, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( * ) AP, integer INFO) CTRTTP copies a triangular matrix from the standard full format (TR) to the standard packed format (TP). Purpose: CTRTTP copies a triangular matrix A from full format (TR) to standard packed format (TP). Parameters UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': A is upper triangular; = 'L': A is lower triangular. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrices AP and A. N >= 0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,N) On entry, the triangular matrix A. If UPLO = 'U', the leading N-by-N upper triangular part of A contains the upper triangular part of the matrix A, and the strictly lower triangular part of A is not referenced. If UPLO = 'L', the leading N-by-N lower triangular part of A contains the lower triangular part of the matrix A, and the strictly upper triangular part of A is not referenced. LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,N). AP AP is COMPLEX array, dimension ( N*(N+1)/2 ), On exit, the upper or lower triangular matrix A, packed columnwise in a linear array. The j-th column of A is stored in the array AP as follows: if UPLO = 'U', AP(i + (j-1)*j/2) = A(i,j) for 1<=i<=j; if UPLO = 'L', AP(i + (j-1)*(2n-j)/2) = A(i,j) for j<=i<=n. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine ctzrzf (integer M, integer N, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( * ) TAU, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer LWORK, integer INFO) CTZRZF Purpose: CTZRZF reduces the M-by-N ( M<=N ) complex upper trapezoidal matrix A to upper triangular form by means of unitary transformations. The upper trapezoidal matrix A is factored as A = ( R 0 ) * Z, where Z is an N-by-N unitary matrix and R is an M-by-M upper triangular matrix. Parameters M M is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrix A. M >= 0. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix A. N >= M. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,N) On entry, the leading M-by-N upper trapezoidal part of the array A must contain the matrix to be factorized. On exit, the leading M-by-M upper triangular part of A contains the upper triangular matrix R, and elements M+1 to N of the first M rows of A, with the array TAU, represent the unitary matrix Z as a product of M elementary reflectors. LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,M). TAU TAU is COMPLEX array, dimension (M) The scalar factors of the elementary reflectors. WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK)) On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK. LWORK LWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array WORK. LWORK >= max(1,M). For optimum performance LWORK >= M*NB, where NB is the optimal blocksize. If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Contributors: A. Petitet, Computer Science Dept., Univ. of Tenn., Knoxville, USA Further Details: The N-by-N matrix Z can be computed by Z = Z(1)*Z(2)* ... *Z(M) where each N-by-N Z(k) is given by Z(k) = I - tau(k)*v(k)*v(k)**H with v(k) is the kth row vector of the M-by-N matrix V = ( I A(:,M+1:N) ) I is the M-by-M identity matrix, A(:,M+1:N) is the output stored in A on exit from CTZRZF, and tau(k) is the kth element of the array TAU. subroutine cunbdb (character TRANS, character SIGNS, integer M, integer P, integer Q, complex, dimension( ldx11, * ) X11, integer LDX11, complex, dimension( ldx12, * ) X12, integer LDX12, complex, dimension( ldx21, * ) X21, integer LDX21, complex, dimension( ldx22, * ) X22, integer LDX22, real, dimension( * ) THETA, real, dimension( * ) PHI, complex, dimension( * ) TAUP1, complex, dimension( * ) TAUP2, complex, dimension( * ) TAUQ1, complex, dimension( * ) TAUQ2, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer LWORK, integer INFO) CUNBDB Purpose: CUNBDB simultaneously bidiagonalizes the blocks of an M-by-M partitioned unitary matrix X: [ B11 | B12 0 0 ] [ X11 | X12 ] [ P1 | ] [ 0 | 0 -I 0 ] [ Q1 | ]**H X = [-----------] = [---------] [----------------] [---------] . [ X21 | X22 ] [ | P2 ] [ B21 | B22 0 0 ] [ | Q2 ] [ 0 | 0 0 I ] X11 is P-by-Q. Q must be no larger than P, M-P, or M-Q. (If this is not the case, then X must be transposed and/or permuted. This can be done in constant time using the TRANS and SIGNS options. See CUNCSD for details.) The unitary matrices P1, P2, Q1, and Q2 are P-by-P, (M-P)-by- (M-P), Q-by-Q, and (M-Q)-by-(M-Q), respectively. They are represented implicitly by Householder vectors. B11, B12, B21, and B22 are Q-by-Q bidiagonal matrices represented implicitly by angles THETA, PHI. Parameters TRANS TRANS is CHARACTER = 'T': X, U1, U2, V1T, and V2T are stored in row-major order; otherwise: X, U1, U2, V1T, and V2T are stored in column- major order. SIGNS SIGNS is CHARACTER = 'O': The lower-left block is made nonpositive (the 'other' convention); otherwise: The upper-right block is made nonpositive (the 'default' convention). M M is INTEGER The number of rows and columns in X. P P is INTEGER The number of rows in X11 and X12. 0 <= P <= M. Q Q is INTEGER The number of columns in X11 and X21. 0 <= Q <= MIN(P,M-P,M-Q). X11 X11 is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDX11,Q) On entry, the top-left block of the unitary matrix to be reduced. On exit, the form depends on TRANS: If TRANS = 'N', then the columns of tril(X11) specify reflectors for P1, the rows of triu(X11,1) specify reflectors for Q1; else TRANS = 'T', and the rows of triu(X11) specify reflectors for P1, the columns of tril(X11,-1) specify reflectors for Q1. LDX11 LDX11 is INTEGER The leading dimension of X11. If TRANS = 'N', then LDX11 >= P; else LDX11 >= Q. X12 X12 is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDX12,M-Q) On entry, the top-right block of the unitary matrix to be reduced. On exit, the form depends on TRANS: If TRANS = 'N', then the rows of triu(X12) specify the first P reflectors for Q2; else TRANS = 'T', and the columns of tril(X12) specify the first P reflectors for Q2. LDX12 LDX12 is INTEGER The leading dimension of X12. If TRANS = 'N', then LDX12 >= P; else LDX11 >= M-Q. X21 X21 is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDX21,Q) On entry, the bottom-left block of the unitary matrix to be reduced. On exit, the form depends on TRANS: If TRANS = 'N', then the columns of tril(X21) specify reflectors for P2; else TRANS = 'T', and the rows of triu(X21) specify reflectors for P2. LDX21 LDX21 is INTEGER The leading dimension of X21. If TRANS = 'N', then LDX21 >= M-P; else LDX21 >= Q. X22 X22 is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDX22,M-Q) On entry, the bottom-right block of the unitary matrix to be reduced. On exit, the form depends on TRANS: If TRANS = 'N', then the rows of triu(X22(Q+1:M-P,P+1:M-Q)) specify the last M-P-Q reflectors for Q2, else TRANS = 'T', and the columns of tril(X22(P+1:M-Q,Q+1:M-P)) specify the last M-P-Q reflectors for P2. LDX22 LDX22 is INTEGER The leading dimension of X22. If TRANS = 'N', then LDX22 >= M-P; else LDX22 >= M-Q. THETA THETA is REAL array, dimension (Q) The entries of the bidiagonal blocks B11, B12, B21, B22 can be computed from the angles THETA and PHI. See Further Details. PHI PHI is REAL array, dimension (Q-1) The entries of the bidiagonal blocks B11, B12, B21, B22 can be computed from the angles THETA and PHI. See Further Details. TAUP1 TAUP1 is COMPLEX array, dimension (P) The scalar factors of the elementary reflectors that define P1. TAUP2 TAUP2 is COMPLEX array, dimension (M-P) The scalar factors of the elementary reflectors that define P2. TAUQ1 TAUQ1 is COMPLEX array, dimension (Q) The scalar factors of the elementary reflectors that define Q1. TAUQ2 TAUQ2 is COMPLEX array, dimension (M-Q) The scalar factors of the elementary reflectors that define Q2. WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (LWORK) LWORK LWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array WORK. LWORK >= M-Q. If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit. < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Further Details: The bidiagonal blocks B11, B12, B21, and B22 are represented implicitly by angles THETA(1), ..., THETA(Q) and PHI(1), ..., PHI(Q-1). B11 and B21 are upper bidiagonal, while B21 and B22 are lower bidiagonal. Every entry in each bidiagonal band is a product of a sine or cosine of a THETA with a sine or cosine of a PHI. See [1] or CUNCSD for details. P1, P2, Q1, and Q2 are represented as products of elementary reflectors. See CUNCSD for details on generating P1, P2, Q1, and Q2 using CUNGQR and CUNGLQ. References: [1] Brian D. Sutton. Computing the complete CS decomposition. Numer. Algorithms, 50(1):33-65, 2009. subroutine cunbdb1 (integer M, integer P, integer Q, complex, dimension(ldx11,*) X11, integer LDX11, complex, dimension(ldx21,*) X21, integer LDX21, real, dimension(*) THETA, real, dimension(*) PHI, complex, dimension(*) TAUP1, complex, dimension(*) TAUP2, complex, dimension(*) TAUQ1, complex, dimension(*) WORK, integer LWORK, integer INFO) CUNBDB1 Purpose: CUNBDB1 simultaneously bidiagonalizes the blocks of a tall and skinny matrix X with orthonomal columns: [ B11 ] [ X11 ] [ P1 | ] [ 0 ] [-----] = [---------] [-----] Q1**T . [ X21 ] [ | P2 ] [ B21 ] [ 0 ] X11 is P-by-Q, and X21 is (M-P)-by-Q. Q must be no larger than P, M-P, or M-Q. Routines CUNBDB2, CUNBDB3, and CUNBDB4 handle cases in which Q is not the minimum dimension. The unitary matrices P1, P2, and Q1 are P-by-P, (M-P)-by-(M-P), and (M-Q)-by-(M-Q), respectively. They are represented implicitly by Householder vectors. B11 and B12 are Q-by-Q bidiagonal matrices represented implicitly by angles THETA, PHI. Parameters M M is INTEGER The number of rows X11 plus the number of rows in X21. P P is INTEGER The number of rows in X11. 0 <= P <= M. Q Q is INTEGER The number of columns in X11 and X21. 0 <= Q <= MIN(P,M-P,M-Q). X11 X11 is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDX11,Q) On entry, the top block of the matrix X to be reduced. On exit, the columns of tril(X11) specify reflectors for P1 and the rows of triu(X11,1) specify reflectors for Q1. LDX11 LDX11 is INTEGER The leading dimension of X11. LDX11 >= P. X21 X21 is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDX21,Q) On entry, the bottom block of the matrix X to be reduced. On exit, the columns of tril(X21) specify reflectors for P2. LDX21 LDX21 is INTEGER The leading dimension of X21. LDX21 >= M-P. THETA THETA is REAL array, dimension (Q) The entries of the bidiagonal blocks B11, B21 are defined by THETA and PHI. See Further Details. PHI PHI is REAL array, dimension (Q-1) The entries of the bidiagonal blocks B11, B21 are defined by THETA and PHI. See Further Details. TAUP1 TAUP1 is COMPLEX array, dimension (P) The scalar factors of the elementary reflectors that define P1. TAUP2 TAUP2 is COMPLEX array, dimension (M-P) The scalar factors of the elementary reflectors that define P2. TAUQ1 TAUQ1 is COMPLEX array, dimension (Q) The scalar factors of the elementary reflectors that define Q1. WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (LWORK) LWORK LWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array WORK. LWORK >= M-Q. If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit. < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Further Details: The upper-bidiagonal blocks B11, B21 are represented implicitly by angles THETA(1), ..., THETA(Q) and PHI(1), ..., PHI(Q-1). Every entry in each bidiagonal band is a product of a sine or cosine of a THETA with a sine or cosine of a PHI. See [1] or CUNCSD for details. P1, P2, and Q1 are represented as products of elementary reflectors. See CUNCSD2BY1 for details on generating P1, P2, and Q1 using CUNGQR and CUNGLQ. References: [1] Brian D. Sutton. Computing the complete CS decomposition. Numer. Algorithms, 50(1):33-65, 2009. subroutine cunbdb2 (integer M, integer P, integer Q, complex, dimension(ldx11,*) X11, integer LDX11, complex, dimension(ldx21,*) X21, integer LDX21, real, dimension(*) THETA, real, dimension(*) PHI, complex, dimension(*) TAUP1, complex, dimension(*) TAUP2, complex, dimension(*) TAUQ1, complex, dimension(*) WORK, integer LWORK, integer INFO) CUNBDB2 Purpose: CUNBDB2 simultaneously bidiagonalizes the blocks of a tall and skinny matrix X with orthonomal columns: [ B11 ] [ X11 ] [ P1 | ] [ 0 ] [-----] = [---------] [-----] Q1**T . [ X21 ] [ | P2 ] [ B21 ] [ 0 ] X11 is P-by-Q, and X21 is (M-P)-by-Q. P must be no larger than M-P, Q, or M-Q. Routines CUNBDB1, CUNBDB3, and CUNBDB4 handle cases in which P is not the minimum dimension. The unitary matrices P1, P2, and Q1 are P-by-P, (M-P)-by-(M-P), and (M-Q)-by-(M-Q), respectively. They are represented implicitly by Householder vectors. B11 and B12 are P-by-P bidiagonal matrices represented implicitly by angles THETA, PHI. Parameters M M is INTEGER The number of rows X11 plus the number of rows in X21. P P is INTEGER The number of rows in X11. 0 <= P <= min(M-P,Q,M-Q). Q Q is INTEGER The number of columns in X11 and X21. 0 <= Q <= M. X11 X11 is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDX11,Q) On entry, the top block of the matrix X to be reduced. On exit, the columns of tril(X11) specify reflectors for P1 and the rows of triu(X11,1) specify reflectors for Q1. LDX11 LDX11 is INTEGER The leading dimension of X11. LDX11 >= P. X21 X21 is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDX21,Q) On entry, the bottom block of the matrix X to be reduced. On exit, the columns of tril(X21) specify reflectors for P2. LDX21 LDX21 is INTEGER The leading dimension of X21. LDX21 >= M-P. THETA THETA is REAL array, dimension (Q) The entries of the bidiagonal blocks B11, B21 are defined by THETA and PHI. See Further Details. PHI PHI is REAL array, dimension (Q-1) The entries of the bidiagonal blocks B11, B21 are defined by THETA and PHI. See Further Details. TAUP1 TAUP1 is COMPLEX array, dimension (P-1) The scalar factors of the elementary reflectors that define P1. TAUP2 TAUP2 is COMPLEX array, dimension (Q) The scalar factors of the elementary reflectors that define P2. TAUQ1 TAUQ1 is COMPLEX array, dimension (Q) The scalar factors of the elementary reflectors that define Q1. WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (LWORK) LWORK LWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array WORK. LWORK >= M-Q. If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit. < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Further Details: The upper-bidiagonal blocks B11, B21 are represented implicitly by angles THETA(1), ..., THETA(Q) and PHI(1), ..., PHI(Q-1). Every entry in each bidiagonal band is a product of a sine or cosine of a THETA with a sine or cosine of a PHI. See [1] or CUNCSD for details. P1, P2, and Q1 are represented as products of elementary reflectors. See CUNCSD2BY1 for details on generating P1, P2, and Q1 using CUNGQR and CUNGLQ. References: [1] Brian D. Sutton. Computing the complete CS decomposition. Numer. Algorithms, 50(1):33-65, 2009. subroutine cunbdb3 (integer M, integer P, integer Q, complex, dimension(ldx11,*) X11, integer LDX11, complex, dimension(ldx21,*) X21, integer LDX21, real, dimension(*) THETA, real, dimension(*) PHI, complex, dimension(*) TAUP1, complex, dimension(*) TAUP2, complex, dimension(*) TAUQ1, complex, dimension(*) WORK, integer LWORK, integer INFO) CUNBDB3 Purpose: CUNBDB3 simultaneously bidiagonalizes the blocks of a tall and skinny matrix X with orthonomal columns: [ B11 ] [ X11 ] [ P1 | ] [ 0 ] [-----] = [---------] [-----] Q1**T . [ X21 ] [ | P2 ] [ B21 ] [ 0 ] X11 is P-by-Q, and X21 is (M-P)-by-Q. M-P must be no larger than P, Q, or M-Q. Routines CUNBDB1, CUNBDB2, and CUNBDB4 handle cases in which M-P is not the minimum dimension. The unitary matrices P1, P2, and Q1 are P-by-P, (M-P)-by-(M-P), and (M-Q)-by-(M-Q), respectively. They are represented implicitly by Householder vectors. B11 and B12 are (M-P)-by-(M-P) bidiagonal matrices represented implicitly by angles THETA, PHI. Parameters M M is INTEGER The number of rows X11 plus the number of rows in X21. P P is INTEGER The number of rows in X11. 0 <= P <= M. M-P <= min(P,Q,M-Q). Q Q is INTEGER The number of columns in X11 and X21. 0 <= Q <= M. X11 X11 is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDX11,Q) On entry, the top block of the matrix X to be reduced. On exit, the columns of tril(X11) specify reflectors for P1 and the rows of triu(X11,1) specify reflectors for Q1. LDX11 LDX11 is INTEGER The leading dimension of X11. LDX11 >= P. X21 X21 is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDX21,Q) On entry, the bottom block of the matrix X to be reduced. On exit, the columns of tril(X21) specify reflectors for P2. LDX21 LDX21 is INTEGER The leading dimension of X21. LDX21 >= M-P. THETA THETA is REAL array, dimension (Q) The entries of the bidiagonal blocks B11, B21 are defined by THETA and PHI. See Further Details. PHI PHI is REAL array, dimension (Q-1) The entries of the bidiagonal blocks B11, B21 are defined by THETA and PHI. See Further Details. TAUP1 TAUP1 is COMPLEX array, dimension (P) The scalar factors of the elementary reflectors that define P1. TAUP2 TAUP2 is COMPLEX array, dimension (M-P) The scalar factors of the elementary reflectors that define P2. TAUQ1 TAUQ1 is COMPLEX array, dimension (Q) The scalar factors of the elementary reflectors that define Q1. WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (LWORK) LWORK LWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array WORK. LWORK >= M-Q. If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit. < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Further Details: The upper-bidiagonal blocks B11, B21 are represented implicitly by angles THETA(1), ..., THETA(Q) and PHI(1), ..., PHI(Q-1). Every entry in each bidiagonal band is a product of a sine or cosine of a THETA with a sine or cosine of a PHI. See [1] or CUNCSD for details. P1, P2, and Q1 are represented as products of elementary reflectors. See CUNCSD2BY1 for details on generating P1, P2, and Q1 using CUNGQR and CUNGLQ. References: [1] Brian D. Sutton. Computing the complete CS decomposition. Numer. Algorithms, 50(1):33-65, 2009. subroutine cunbdb4 (integer M, integer P, integer Q, complex, dimension(ldx11,*) X11, integer LDX11, complex, dimension(ldx21,*) X21, integer LDX21, real, dimension(*) THETA, real, dimension(*) PHI, complex, dimension(*) TAUP1, complex, dimension(*) TAUP2, complex, dimension(*) TAUQ1, complex, dimension(*) PHANTOM, complex, dimension(*) WORK, integer LWORK, integer INFO) CUNBDB4 Purpose: CUNBDB4 simultaneously bidiagonalizes the blocks of a tall and skinny matrix X with orthonomal columns: [ B11 ] [ X11 ] [ P1 | ] [ 0 ] [-----] = [---------] [-----] Q1**T . [ X21 ] [ | P2 ] [ B21 ] [ 0 ] X11 is P-by-Q, and X21 is (M-P)-by-Q. M-Q must be no larger than P, M-P, or Q. Routines CUNBDB1, CUNBDB2, and CUNBDB3 handle cases in which M-Q is not the minimum dimension. The unitary matrices P1, P2, and Q1 are P-by-P, (M-P)-by-(M-P), and (M-Q)-by-(M-Q), respectively. They are represented implicitly by Householder vectors. B11 and B12 are (M-Q)-by-(M-Q) bidiagonal matrices represented implicitly by angles THETA, PHI. Parameters M M is INTEGER The number of rows X11 plus the number of rows in X21. P P is INTEGER The number of rows in X11. 0 <= P <= M. Q Q is INTEGER The number of columns in X11 and X21. 0 <= Q <= M and M-Q <= min(P,M-P,Q). X11 X11 is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDX11,Q) On entry, the top block of the matrix X to be reduced. On exit, the columns of tril(X11) specify reflectors for P1 and the rows of triu(X11,1) specify reflectors for Q1. LDX11 LDX11 is INTEGER The leading dimension of X11. LDX11 >= P. X21 X21 is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDX21,Q) On entry, the bottom block of the matrix X to be reduced. On exit, the columns of tril(X21) specify reflectors for P2. LDX21 LDX21 is INTEGER The leading dimension of X21. LDX21 >= M-P. THETA THETA is REAL array, dimension (Q) The entries of the bidiagonal blocks B11, B21 are defined by THETA and PHI. See Further Details. PHI PHI is REAL array, dimension (Q-1) The entries of the bidiagonal blocks B11, B21 are defined by THETA and PHI. See Further Details. TAUP1 TAUP1 is COMPLEX array, dimension (M-Q) The scalar factors of the elementary reflectors that define P1. TAUP2 TAUP2 is COMPLEX array, dimension (M-Q) The scalar factors of the elementary reflectors that define P2. TAUQ1 TAUQ1 is COMPLEX array, dimension (Q) The scalar factors of the elementary reflectors that define Q1. PHANTOM PHANTOM is COMPLEX array, dimension (M) The routine computes an M-by-1 column vector Y that is orthogonal to the columns of [ X11; X21 ]. PHANTOM(1:P) and PHANTOM(P+1:M) contain Householder vectors for Y(1:P) and Y(P+1:M), respectively. WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (LWORK) LWORK LWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array WORK. LWORK >= M-Q. If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit. < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Further Details: The upper-bidiagonal blocks B11, B21 are represented implicitly by angles THETA(1), ..., THETA(Q) and PHI(1), ..., PHI(Q-1). Every entry in each bidiagonal band is a product of a sine or cosine of a THETA with a sine or cosine of a PHI. See [1] or CUNCSD for details. P1, P2, and Q1 are represented as products of elementary reflectors. See CUNCSD2BY1 for details on generating P1, P2, and Q1 using CUNGQR and CUNGLQ. References: [1] Brian D. Sutton. Computing the complete CS decomposition. Numer. Algorithms, 50(1):33-65, 2009. subroutine cunbdb5 (integer M1, integer M2, integer N, complex, dimension(*) X1, integer INCX1, complex, dimension(*) X2, integer INCX2, complex, dimension(ldq1,*) Q1, integer LDQ1, complex, dimension(ldq2,*) Q2, integer LDQ2, complex, dimension(*) WORK, integer LWORK, integer INFO) CUNBDB5 Purpose: CUNBDB5 orthogonalizes the column vector X = [ X1 ] [ X2 ] with respect to the columns of Q = [ Q1 ] . [ Q2 ] The columns of Q must be orthonormal. If the projection is zero according to Kahan's 'twice is enough' criterion, then some other vector from the orthogonal complement is returned. This vector is chosen in an arbitrary but deterministic way. Parameters M1 M1 is INTEGER The dimension of X1 and the number of rows in Q1. 0 <= M1. M2 M2 is INTEGER The dimension of X2 and the number of rows in Q2. 0 <= M2. N N is INTEGER The number of columns in Q1 and Q2. 0 <= N. X1 X1 is COMPLEX array, dimension (M1) On entry, the top part of the vector to be orthogonalized. On exit, the top part of the projected vector. INCX1 INCX1 is INTEGER Increment for entries of X1. X2 X2 is COMPLEX array, dimension (M2) On entry, the bottom part of the vector to be orthogonalized. On exit, the bottom part of the projected vector. INCX2 INCX2 is INTEGER Increment for entries of X2. Q1 Q1 is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDQ1, N) The top part of the orthonormal basis matrix. LDQ1 LDQ1 is INTEGER The leading dimension of Q1. LDQ1 >= M1. Q2 Q2 is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDQ2, N) The bottom part of the orthonormal basis matrix. LDQ2 LDQ2 is INTEGER The leading dimension of Q2. LDQ2 >= M2. WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (LWORK) LWORK LWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array WORK. LWORK >= N. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit. < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cunbdb6 (integer M1, integer M2, integer N, complex, dimension(*) X1, integer INCX1, complex, dimension(*) X2, integer INCX2, complex, dimension(ldq1,*) Q1, integer LDQ1, complex, dimension(ldq2,*) Q2, integer LDQ2, complex, dimension(*) WORK, integer LWORK, integer INFO) CUNBDB6 Purpose: CUNBDB6 orthogonalizes the column vector X = [ X1 ] [ X2 ] with respect to the columns of Q = [ Q1 ] . [ Q2 ] The Euclidean norm of X must be one and the columns of Q must be orthonormal. The orthogonalized vector will be zero if and only if it lies entirely in the range of Q. The projection is computed with at most two iterations of the classical Gram-Schmidt algorithm, see * L. Giraud, J. Langou, M. Rozložník. 'On the round-off error analysis of the Gram-Schmidt algorithm with reorthogonalization.' 2002. CERFACS Technical Report No. TR/PA/02/33. URL: https://www.cerfacs.fr/algor/reports/2002/TR_PA_02_33.pdf Parameters M1 M1 is INTEGER The dimension of X1 and the number of rows in Q1. 0 <= M1. M2 M2 is INTEGER The dimension of X2 and the number of rows in Q2. 0 <= M2. N N is INTEGER The number of columns in Q1 and Q2. 0 <= N. X1 X1 is COMPLEX array, dimension (M1) On entry, the top part of the vector to be orthogonalized. On exit, the top part of the projected vector. INCX1 INCX1 is INTEGER Increment for entries of X1. X2 X2 is COMPLEX array, dimension (M2) On entry, the bottom part of the vector to be orthogonalized. On exit, the bottom part of the projected vector. INCX2 INCX2 is INTEGER Increment for entries of X2. Q1 Q1 is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDQ1, N) The top part of the orthonormal basis matrix. LDQ1 LDQ1 is INTEGER The leading dimension of Q1. LDQ1 >= M1. Q2 Q2 is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDQ2, N) The bottom part of the orthonormal basis matrix. LDQ2 LDQ2 is INTEGER The leading dimension of Q2. LDQ2 >= M2. WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (LWORK) LWORK LWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array WORK. LWORK >= N. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit. < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. recursive subroutine cuncsd (character JOBU1, character JOBU2, character JOBV1T, character JOBV2T, character TRANS, character SIGNS, integer M, integer P, integer Q, complex, dimension( ldx11, * ) X11, integer LDX11, complex, dimension( ldx12, * ) X12, integer LDX12, complex, dimension( ldx21, * ) X21, integer LDX21, complex, dimension( ldx22, * ) X22, integer LDX22, real, dimension( * ) THETA, complex, dimension( ldu1, * ) U1, integer LDU1, complex, dimension( ldu2, * ) U2, integer LDU2, complex, dimension( ldv1t, * ) V1T, integer LDV1T, complex, dimension( ldv2t, * ) V2T, integer LDV2T, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer LWORK, real, dimension( * ) RWORK, integer LRWORK, integer, dimension( * ) IWORK, integer INFO) CUNCSD Purpose: CUNCSD computes the CS decomposition of an M-by-M partitioned unitary matrix X: [ I 0 0 | 0 0 0 ] [ 0 C 0 | 0 -S 0 ] [ X11 | X12 ] [ U1 | ] [ 0 0 0 | 0 0 -I ] [ V1 | ]**H X = [-----------] = [---------] [---------------------] [---------] . [ X21 | X22 ] [ | U2 ] [ 0 0 0 | I 0 0 ] [ | V2 ] [ 0 S 0 | 0 C 0 ] [ 0 0 I | 0 0 0 ] X11 is P-by-Q. The unitary matrices U1, U2, V1, and V2 are P-by-P, (M-P)-by-(M-P), Q-by-Q, and (M-Q)-by-(M-Q), respectively. C and S are R-by-R nonnegative diagonal matrices satisfying C^2 + S^2 = I, in which R = MIN(P,M-P,Q,M-Q). Parameters JOBU1 JOBU1 is CHARACTER = 'Y': U1 is computed; otherwise: U1 is not computed. JOBU2 JOBU2 is CHARACTER = 'Y': U2 is computed; otherwise: U2 is not computed. JOBV1T JOBV1T is CHARACTER = 'Y': V1T is computed; otherwise: V1T is not computed. JOBV2T JOBV2T is CHARACTER = 'Y': V2T is computed; otherwise: V2T is not computed. TRANS TRANS is CHARACTER = 'T': X, U1, U2, V1T, and V2T are stored in row-major order; otherwise: X, U1, U2, V1T, and V2T are stored in column- major order. SIGNS SIGNS is CHARACTER = 'O': The lower-left block is made nonpositive (the 'other' convention); otherwise: The upper-right block is made nonpositive (the 'default' convention). M M is INTEGER The number of rows and columns in X. P P is INTEGER The number of rows in X11 and X12. 0 <= P <= M. Q Q is INTEGER The number of columns in X11 and X21. 0 <= Q <= M. X11 X11 is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDX11,Q) On entry, part of the unitary matrix whose CSD is desired. LDX11 LDX11 is INTEGER The leading dimension of X11. LDX11 >= MAX(1,P). X12 X12 is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDX12,M-Q) On entry, part of the unitary matrix whose CSD is desired. LDX12 LDX12 is INTEGER The leading dimension of X12. LDX12 >= MAX(1,P). X21 X21 is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDX21,Q) On entry, part of the unitary matrix whose CSD is desired. LDX21 LDX21 is INTEGER The leading dimension of X11. LDX21 >= MAX(1,M-P). X22 X22 is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDX22,M-Q) On entry, part of the unitary matrix whose CSD is desired. LDX22 LDX22 is INTEGER The leading dimension of X11. LDX22 >= MAX(1,M-P). THETA THETA is REAL array, dimension (R), in which R = MIN(P,M-P,Q,M-Q). C = DIAG( COS(THETA(1)), ... , COS(THETA(R)) ) and S = DIAG( SIN(THETA(1)), ... , SIN(THETA(R)) ). U1 U1 is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDU1,P) If JOBU1 = 'Y', U1 contains the P-by-P unitary matrix U1. LDU1 LDU1 is INTEGER The leading dimension of U1. If JOBU1 = 'Y', LDU1 >= MAX(1,P). U2 U2 is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDU2,M-P) If JOBU2 = 'Y', U2 contains the (M-P)-by-(M-P) unitary matrix U2. LDU2 LDU2 is INTEGER The leading dimension of U2. If JOBU2 = 'Y', LDU2 >= MAX(1,M-P). V1T V1T is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDV1T,Q) If JOBV1T = 'Y', V1T contains the Q-by-Q matrix unitary matrix V1**H. LDV1T LDV1T is INTEGER The leading dimension of V1T. If JOBV1T = 'Y', LDV1T >= MAX(1,Q). V2T V2T is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDV2T,M-Q) If JOBV2T = 'Y', V2T contains the (M-Q)-by-(M-Q) unitary matrix V2**H. LDV2T LDV2T is INTEGER The leading dimension of V2T. If JOBV2T = 'Y', LDV2T >= MAX(1,M-Q). WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK)) On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK. LWORK LWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array WORK. If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the work array, and no error message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA. RWORK RWORK is REAL array, dimension MAX(1,LRWORK) On exit, if INFO = 0, RWORK(1) returns the optimal LRWORK. If INFO > 0 on exit, RWORK(2:R) contains the values PHI(1), ..., PHI(R-1) that, together with THETA(1), ..., THETA(R), define the matrix in intermediate bidiagonal-block form remaining after nonconvergence. INFO specifies the number of nonzero PHI's. LRWORK LRWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array RWORK. If LRWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the RWORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the work array, and no error message related to LRWORK is issued by XERBLA. IWORK IWORK is INTEGER array, dimension (M-MIN(P,M-P,Q,M-Q)) INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit. < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value. > 0: CBBCSD did not converge. See the description of RWORK above for details. References: [1] Brian D. Sutton. Computing the complete CS decomposition. Numer. Algorithms, 50(1):33-65, 2009. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cuncsd2by1 (character JOBU1, character JOBU2, character JOBV1T, integer M, integer P, integer Q, complex, dimension(ldx11,*) X11, integer LDX11, complex, dimension(ldx21,*) X21, integer LDX21, real, dimension(*) THETA, complex, dimension(ldu1,*) U1, integer LDU1, complex, dimension(ldu2,*) U2, integer LDU2, complex, dimension(ldv1t,*) V1T, integer LDV1T, complex, dimension(*) WORK, integer LWORK, real, dimension(*) RWORK, integer LRWORK, integer, dimension(*) IWORK, integer INFO) CUNCSD2BY1 Purpose: CUNCSD2BY1 computes the CS decomposition of an M-by-Q matrix X with orthonormal columns that has been partitioned into a 2-by-1 block structure: [ I1 0 0 ] [ 0 C 0 ] [ X11 ] [ U1 | ] [ 0 0 0 ] X = [-----] = [---------] [----------] V1**T . [ X21 ] [ | U2 ] [ 0 0 0 ] [ 0 S 0 ] [ 0 0 I2] X11 is P-by-Q. The unitary matrices U1, U2, and V1 are P-by-P, (M-P)-by-(M-P), and Q-by-Q, respectively. C and S are R-by-R nonnegative diagonal matrices satisfying C^2 + S^2 = I, in which R = MIN(P,M-P,Q,M-Q). I1 is a K1-by-K1 identity matrix and I2 is a K2-by-K2 identity matrix, where K1 = MAX(Q+P-M,0), K2 = MAX(Q-P,0). Parameters JOBU1 JOBU1 is CHARACTER = 'Y': U1 is computed; otherwise: U1 is not computed. JOBU2 JOBU2 is CHARACTER = 'Y': U2 is computed; otherwise: U2 is not computed. JOBV1T JOBV1T is CHARACTER = 'Y': V1T is computed; otherwise: V1T is not computed. M M is INTEGER The number of rows in X. P P is INTEGER The number of rows in X11. 0 <= P <= M. Q Q is INTEGER The number of columns in X11 and X21. 0 <= Q <= M. X11 X11 is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDX11,Q) On entry, part of the unitary matrix whose CSD is desired. LDX11 LDX11 is INTEGER The leading dimension of X11. LDX11 >= MAX(1,P). X21 X21 is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDX21,Q) On entry, part of the unitary matrix whose CSD is desired. LDX21 LDX21 is INTEGER The leading dimension of X21. LDX21 >= MAX(1,M-P). THETA THETA is REAL array, dimension (R), in which R = MIN(P,M-P,Q,M-Q). C = DIAG( COS(THETA(1)), ... , COS(THETA(R)) ) and S = DIAG( SIN(THETA(1)), ... , SIN(THETA(R)) ). U1 U1 is COMPLEX array, dimension (P) If JOBU1 = 'Y', U1 contains the P-by-P unitary matrix U1. LDU1 LDU1 is INTEGER The leading dimension of U1. If JOBU1 = 'Y', LDU1 >= MAX(1,P). U2 U2 is COMPLEX array, dimension (M-P) If JOBU2 = 'Y', U2 contains the (M-P)-by-(M-P) unitary matrix U2. LDU2 LDU2 is INTEGER The leading dimension of U2. If JOBU2 = 'Y', LDU2 >= MAX(1,M-P). V1T V1T is COMPLEX array, dimension (Q) If JOBV1T = 'Y', V1T contains the Q-by-Q matrix unitary matrix V1**T. LDV1T LDV1T is INTEGER The leading dimension of V1T. If JOBV1T = 'Y', LDV1T >= MAX(1,Q). WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK)) On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK. LWORK LWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array WORK. If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK and RWORK arrays, returns this value as the first entry of the WORK and RWORK array, respectively, and no error message related to LWORK or LRWORK is issued by XERBLA. RWORK RWORK is REAL array, dimension (MAX(1,LRWORK)) On exit, if INFO = 0, RWORK(1) returns the optimal LRWORK. If INFO > 0 on exit, RWORK(2:R) contains the values PHI(1), ..., PHI(R-1) that, together with THETA(1), ..., THETA(R), define the matrix in intermediate bidiagonal-block form remaining after nonconvergence. INFO specifies the number of nonzero PHI's. LRWORK LRWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array RWORK. If LRWORK=-1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK and RWORK arrays, returns this value as the first entry of the WORK and RWORK array, respectively, and no error message related to LWORK or LRWORK is issued by XERBLA. IWORK IWORK is INTEGER array, dimension (M-MIN(P,M-P,Q,M-Q)) INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit. < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value. > 0: CBBCSD did not converge. See the description of WORK above for details. References: [1] Brian D. Sutton. Computing the complete CS decomposition. Numer. Algorithms, 50(1):33-65, 2009. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cung2l (integer M, integer N, integer K, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( * ) TAU, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer INFO) CUNG2L generates all or part of the unitary matrix Q from a QL factorization determined by cgeqlf (unblocked algorithm). Purpose: CUNG2L generates an m by n complex matrix Q with orthonormal columns, which is defined as the last n columns of a product of k elementary reflectors of order m Q = H(k) . . . H(2) H(1) as returned by CGEQLF. Parameters M M is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrix Q. M >= 0. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix Q. M >= N >= 0. K K is INTEGER The number of elementary reflectors whose product defines the matrix Q. N >= K >= 0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,N) On entry, the (n-k+i)-th column must contain the vector which defines the elementary reflector H(i), for i = 1,2,...,k, as returned by CGEQLF in the last k columns of its array argument A. On exit, the m-by-n matrix Q. LDA LDA is INTEGER The first dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,M). TAU TAU is COMPLEX array, dimension (K) TAU(i) must contain the scalar factor of the elementary reflector H(i), as returned by CGEQLF. WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (N) INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument has an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cung2r (integer M, integer N, integer K, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( * ) TAU, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer INFO) CUNG2R Purpose: CUNG2R generates an m by n complex matrix Q with orthonormal columns, which is defined as the first n columns of a product of k elementary reflectors of order m Q = H(1) H(2) . . . H(k) as returned by CGEQRF. Parameters M M is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrix Q. M >= 0. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix Q. M >= N >= 0. K K is INTEGER The number of elementary reflectors whose product defines the matrix Q. N >= K >= 0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,N) On entry, the i-th column must contain the vector which defines the elementary reflector H(i), for i = 1,2,...,k, as returned by CGEQRF in the first k columns of its array argument A. On exit, the m by n matrix Q. LDA LDA is INTEGER The first dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,M). TAU TAU is COMPLEX array, dimension (K) TAU(i) must contain the scalar factor of the elementary reflector H(i), as returned by CGEQRF. WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (N) INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument has an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cunghr (integer N, integer ILO, integer IHI, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( * ) TAU, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer LWORK, integer INFO) CUNGHR Purpose: CUNGHR generates a complex unitary matrix Q which is defined as the product of IHI-ILO elementary reflectors of order N, as returned by CGEHRD: Q = H(ilo) H(ilo+1) . . . H(ihi-1). Parameters N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix Q. N >= 0. ILO ILO is INTEGER IHI IHI is INTEGER ILO and IHI must have the same values as in the previous call of CGEHRD. Q is equal to the unit matrix except in the submatrix Q(ilo+1:ihi,ilo+1:ihi). 1 <= ILO <= IHI <= N, if N > 0; ILO=1 and IHI=0, if N=0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,N) On entry, the vectors which define the elementary reflectors, as returned by CGEHRD. On exit, the N-by-N unitary matrix Q. LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,N). TAU TAU is COMPLEX array, dimension (N-1) TAU(i) must contain the scalar factor of the elementary reflector H(i), as returned by CGEHRD. WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK)) On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK. LWORK LWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array WORK. LWORK >= IHI-ILO. For optimum performance LWORK >= (IHI-ILO)*NB, where NB is the optimal blocksize. If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cungl2 (integer M, integer N, integer K, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( * ) TAU, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer INFO) CUNGL2 generates all or part of the unitary matrix Q from an LQ factorization determined by cgelqf (unblocked algorithm). Purpose: CUNGL2 generates an m-by-n complex matrix Q with orthonormal rows, which is defined as the first m rows of a product of k elementary reflectors of order n Q = H(k)**H . . . H(2)**H H(1)**H as returned by CGELQF. Parameters M M is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrix Q. M >= 0. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix Q. N >= M. K K is INTEGER The number of elementary reflectors whose product defines the matrix Q. M >= K >= 0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,N) On entry, the i-th row must contain the vector which defines the elementary reflector H(i), for i = 1,2,...,k, as returned by CGELQF in the first k rows of its array argument A. On exit, the m by n matrix Q. LDA LDA is INTEGER The first dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,M). TAU TAU is COMPLEX array, dimension (K) TAU(i) must contain the scalar factor of the elementary reflector H(i), as returned by CGELQF. WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (M) INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument has an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cunglq (integer M, integer N, integer K, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( * ) TAU, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer LWORK, integer INFO) CUNGLQ Purpose: CUNGLQ generates an M-by-N complex matrix Q with orthonormal rows, which is defined as the first M rows of a product of K elementary reflectors of order N Q = H(k)**H . . . H(2)**H H(1)**H as returned by CGELQF. Parameters M M is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrix Q. M >= 0. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix Q. N >= M. K K is INTEGER The number of elementary reflectors whose product defines the matrix Q. M >= K >= 0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,N) On entry, the i-th row must contain the vector which defines the elementary reflector H(i), for i = 1,2,...,k, as returned by CGELQF in the first k rows of its array argument A. On exit, the M-by-N matrix Q. LDA LDA is INTEGER The first dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,M). TAU TAU is COMPLEX array, dimension (K) TAU(i) must contain the scalar factor of the elementary reflector H(i), as returned by CGELQF. WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK)) On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK. LWORK LWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array WORK. LWORK >= max(1,M). For optimum performance LWORK >= M*NB, where NB is the optimal blocksize. If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit; < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument has an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cungql (integer M, integer N, integer K, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( * ) TAU, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer LWORK, integer INFO) CUNGQL Purpose: CUNGQL generates an M-by-N complex matrix Q with orthonormal columns, which is defined as the last N columns of a product of K elementary reflectors of order M Q = H(k) . . . H(2) H(1) as returned by CGEQLF. Parameters M M is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrix Q. M >= 0. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix Q. M >= N >= 0. K K is INTEGER The number of elementary reflectors whose product defines the matrix Q. N >= K >= 0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,N) On entry, the (n-k+i)-th column must contain the vector which defines the elementary reflector H(i), for i = 1,2,...,k, as returned by CGEQLF in the last k columns of its array argument A. On exit, the M-by-N matrix Q. LDA LDA is INTEGER The first dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,M). TAU TAU is COMPLEX array, dimension (K) TAU(i) must contain the scalar factor of the elementary reflector H(i), as returned by CGEQLF. WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK)) On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK. LWORK LWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array WORK. LWORK >= max(1,N). For optimum performance LWORK >= N*NB, where NB is the optimal blocksize. If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument has an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cungqr (integer M, integer N, integer K, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( * ) TAU, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer LWORK, integer INFO) CUNGQR Purpose: CUNGQR generates an M-by-N complex matrix Q with orthonormal columns, which is defined as the first N columns of a product of K elementary reflectors of order M Q = H(1) H(2) . . . H(k) as returned by CGEQRF. Parameters M M is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrix Q. M >= 0. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix Q. M >= N >= 0. K K is INTEGER The number of elementary reflectors whose product defines the matrix Q. N >= K >= 0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,N) On entry, the i-th column must contain the vector which defines the elementary reflector H(i), for i = 1,2,...,k, as returned by CGEQRF in the first k columns of its array argument A. On exit, the M-by-N matrix Q. LDA LDA is INTEGER The first dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,M). TAU TAU is COMPLEX array, dimension (K) TAU(i) must contain the scalar factor of the elementary reflector H(i), as returned by CGEQRF. WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK)) On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK. LWORK LWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array WORK. LWORK >= max(1,N). For optimum performance LWORK >= N*NB, where NB is the optimal blocksize. If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument has an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cungr2 (integer M, integer N, integer K, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( * ) TAU, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer INFO) CUNGR2 generates all or part of the unitary matrix Q from an RQ factorization determined by cgerqf (unblocked algorithm). Purpose: CUNGR2 generates an m by n complex matrix Q with orthonormal rows, which is defined as the last m rows of a product of k elementary reflectors of order n Q = H(1)**H H(2)**H . . . H(k)**H as returned by CGERQF. Parameters M M is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrix Q. M >= 0. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix Q. N >= M. K K is INTEGER The number of elementary reflectors whose product defines the matrix Q. M >= K >= 0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,N) On entry, the (m-k+i)-th row must contain the vector which defines the elementary reflector H(i), for i = 1,2,...,k, as returned by CGERQF in the last k rows of its array argument A. On exit, the m-by-n matrix Q. LDA LDA is INTEGER The first dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,M). TAU TAU is COMPLEX array, dimension (K) TAU(i) must contain the scalar factor of the elementary reflector H(i), as returned by CGERQF. WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (M) INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument has an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cungrq (integer M, integer N, integer K, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( * ) TAU, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer LWORK, integer INFO) CUNGRQ Purpose: CUNGRQ generates an M-by-N complex matrix Q with orthonormal rows, which is defined as the last M rows of a product of K elementary reflectors of order N Q = H(1)**H H(2)**H . . . H(k)**H as returned by CGERQF. Parameters M M is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrix Q. M >= 0. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix Q. N >= M. K K is INTEGER The number of elementary reflectors whose product defines the matrix Q. M >= K >= 0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,N) On entry, the (m-k+i)-th row must contain the vector which defines the elementary reflector H(i), for i = 1,2,...,k, as returned by CGERQF in the last k rows of its array argument A. On exit, the M-by-N matrix Q. LDA LDA is INTEGER The first dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,M). TAU TAU is COMPLEX array, dimension (K) TAU(i) must contain the scalar factor of the elementary reflector H(i), as returned by CGERQF. WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK)) On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK. LWORK LWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array WORK. LWORK >= max(1,M). For optimum performance LWORK >= M*NB, where NB is the optimal blocksize. If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument has an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cungtr (character UPLO, integer N, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( * ) TAU, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer LWORK, integer INFO) CUNGTR Purpose: CUNGTR generates a complex unitary matrix Q which is defined as the product of n-1 elementary reflectors of order N, as returned by CHETRD: if UPLO = 'U', Q = H(n-1) . . . H(2) H(1), if UPLO = 'L', Q = H(1) H(2) . . . H(n-1). Parameters UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': Upper triangle of A contains elementary reflectors from CHETRD; = 'L': Lower triangle of A contains elementary reflectors from CHETRD. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix Q. N >= 0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,N) On entry, the vectors which define the elementary reflectors, as returned by CHETRD. On exit, the N-by-N unitary matrix Q. LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= N. TAU TAU is COMPLEX array, dimension (N-1) TAU(i) must contain the scalar factor of the elementary reflector H(i), as returned by CHETRD. WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK)) On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK. LWORK LWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array WORK. LWORK >= N-1. For optimum performance LWORK >= (N-1)*NB, where NB is the optimal blocksize. If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cungtsqr (integer M, integer N, integer MB, integer NB, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( ldt, * ) T, integer LDT, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer LWORK, integer INFO) CUNGTSQR Purpose: CUNGTSQR generates an M-by-N complex matrix Q_out with orthonormal columns, which are the first N columns of a product of comlpex unitary matrices of order M which are returned by CLATSQR Q_out = first_N_columns_of( Q(1)_in * Q(2)_in * ... * Q(k)_in ). See the documentation for CLATSQR. Parameters M M is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrix A. M >= 0. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix A. M >= N >= 0. MB MB is INTEGER The row block size used by CLATSQR to return arrays A and T. MB > N. (Note that if MB > M, then M is used instead of MB as the row block size). NB NB is INTEGER The column block size used by CLATSQR to return arrays A and T. NB >= 1. (Note that if NB > N, then N is used instead of NB as the column block size). A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,N) On entry: The elements on and above the diagonal are not accessed. The elements below the diagonal represent the unit lower-trapezoidal blocked matrix V computed by CLATSQR that defines the input matrices Q_in(k) (ones on the diagonal are not stored) (same format as the output A below the diagonal in CLATSQR). On exit: The array A contains an M-by-N orthonormal matrix Q_out, i.e the columns of A are orthogonal unit vectors. LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,M). T T is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDT, N * NIRB) where NIRB = Number_of_input_row_blocks = MAX( 1, CEIL((M-N)/(MB-N)) ) Let NICB = Number_of_input_col_blocks = CEIL(N/NB) The upper-triangular block reflectors used to define the input matrices Q_in(k), k=(1:NIRB*NICB). The block reflectors are stored in compact form in NIRB block reflector sequences. Each of NIRB block reflector sequences is stored in a larger NB-by-N column block of T and consists of NICB smaller NB-by-NB upper-triangular column blocks. (same format as the output T in CLATSQR). LDT LDT is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array T. LDT >= max(1,min(NB1,N)). WORK (workspace) COMPLEX array, dimension (MAX(2,LWORK)) On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK. LWORK The dimension of the array WORK. LWORK >= (M+NB)*N. If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed. The routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Contributors: November 2019, Igor Kozachenko, Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley subroutine cungtsqr_row (integer M, integer N, integer MB, integer NB, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( ldt, * ) T, integer LDT, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer LWORK, integer INFO) CUNGTSQR_ROW Purpose: CUNGTSQR_ROW generates an M-by-N complex matrix Q_out with orthonormal columns from the output of CLATSQR. These N orthonormal columns are the first N columns of a product of complex unitary matrices Q(k)_in of order M, which are returned by CLATSQR in a special format. Q_out = first_N_columns_of( Q(1)_in * Q(2)_in * ... * Q(k)_in ). The input matrices Q(k)_in are stored in row and column blocks in A. See the documentation of CLATSQR for more details on the format of Q(k)_in, where each Q(k)_in is represented by block Householder transformations. This routine calls an auxiliary routine CLARFB_GETT, where the computation is performed on each individual block. The algorithm first sweeps NB-sized column blocks from the right to left starting in the bottom row block and continues to the top row block (hence _ROW in the routine name). This sweep is in reverse order of the order in which CLATSQR generates the output blocks. Parameters M M is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrix A. M >= 0. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix A. M >= N >= 0. MB MB is INTEGER The row block size used by CLATSQR to return arrays A and T. MB > N. (Note that if MB > M, then M is used instead of MB as the row block size). NB NB is INTEGER The column block size used by CLATSQR to return arrays A and T. NB >= 1. (Note that if NB > N, then N is used instead of NB as the column block size). A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,N) On entry: The elements on and above the diagonal are not used as input. The elements below the diagonal represent the unit lower-trapezoidal blocked matrix V computed by CLATSQR that defines the input matrices Q_in(k) (ones on the diagonal are not stored). See CLATSQR for more details. On exit: The array A contains an M-by-N orthonormal matrix Q_out, i.e the columns of A are orthogonal unit vectors. LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,M). T T is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDT, N * NIRB) where NIRB = Number_of_input_row_blocks = MAX( 1, CEIL((M-N)/(MB-N)) ) Let NICB = Number_of_input_col_blocks = CEIL(N/NB) The upper-triangular block reflectors used to define the input matrices Q_in(k), k=(1:NIRB*NICB). The block reflectors are stored in compact form in NIRB block reflector sequences. Each of the NIRB block reflector sequences is stored in a larger NB-by-N column block of T and consists of NICB smaller NB-by-NB upper-triangular column blocks. See CLATSQR for more details on the format of T. LDT LDT is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array T. LDT >= max(1,min(NB,N)). WORK (workspace) COMPLEX array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK)) On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK. LWORK The dimension of the array WORK. LWORK >= NBLOCAL * MAX(NBLOCAL,(N-NBLOCAL)), where NBLOCAL=MIN(NB,N). If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed. The routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Contributors: November 2020, Igor Kozachenko, Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley subroutine cunhr_col (integer M, integer N, integer NB, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( ldt, * ) T, integer LDT, complex, dimension( * ) D, integer INFO) CUNHR_COL Purpose: CUNHR_COL takes an M-by-N complex matrix Q_in with orthonormal columns as input, stored in A, and performs Householder Reconstruction (HR), i.e. reconstructs Householder vectors V(i) implicitly representing another M-by-N matrix Q_out, with the property that Q_in = Q_out*S, where S is an N-by-N diagonal matrix with diagonal entries equal to +1 or -1. The Householder vectors (columns V(i) of V) are stored in A on output, and the diagonal entries of S are stored in D. Block reflectors are also returned in T (same output format as CGEQRT). Parameters M M is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrix A. M >= 0. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix A. M >= N >= 0. NB NB is INTEGER The column block size to be used in the reconstruction of Householder column vector blocks in the array A and corresponding block reflectors in the array T. NB >= 1. (Note that if NB > N, then N is used instead of NB as the column block size.) A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,N) On entry: The array A contains an M-by-N orthonormal matrix Q_in, i.e the columns of A are orthogonal unit vectors. On exit: The elements below the diagonal of A represent the unit lower-trapezoidal matrix V of Householder column vectors V(i). The unit diagonal entries of V are not stored (same format as the output below the diagonal in A from CGEQRT). The matrix T and the matrix V stored on output in A implicitly define Q_out. The elements above the diagonal contain the factor U of the 'modified' LU-decomposition: Q_in - ( S ) = V * U ( 0 ) where 0 is a (M-N)-by-(M-N) zero matrix. LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,M). T T is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDT, N) Let NOCB = Number_of_output_col_blocks = CEIL(N/NB) On exit, T(1:NB, 1:N) contains NOCB upper-triangular block reflectors used to define Q_out stored in compact form as a sequence of upper-triangular NB-by-NB column blocks (same format as the output T in CGEQRT). The matrix T and the matrix V stored on output in A implicitly define Q_out. NOTE: The lower triangles below the upper-triangular blocks will be filled with zeros. See Further Details. LDT LDT is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array T. LDT >= max(1,min(NB,N)). D D is COMPLEX array, dimension min(M,N). The elements can be only plus or minus one. D(i) is constructed as D(i) = -SIGN(Q_in_i(i,i)), where 1 <= i <= min(M,N), and Q_in_i is Q_in after performing i-1 steps of “modified” Gaussian elimination. See Further Details. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Further Details: The computed M-by-M unitary factor Q_out is defined implicitly as a product of unitary matrices Q_out(i). Each Q_out(i) is stored in the compact WY-representation format in the corresponding blocks of matrices V (stored in A) and T. The M-by-N unit lower-trapezoidal matrix V stored in the M-by-N matrix A contains the column vectors V(i) in NB-size column blocks VB(j). For example, VB(1) contains the columns V(1), V(2), ... V(NB). NOTE: The unit entries on the diagonal of Y are not stored in A. The number of column blocks is NOCB = Number_of_output_col_blocks = CEIL(N/NB) where each block is of order NB except for the last block, which is of order LAST_NB = N - (NOCB-1)*NB. For example, if M=6, N=5 and NB=2, the matrix V is V = ( VB(1), VB(2), VB(3) ) = = ( 1 ) ( v21 1 ) ( v31 v32 1 ) ( v41 v42 v43 1 ) ( v51 v52 v53 v54 1 ) ( v61 v62 v63 v54 v65 ) For each of the column blocks VB(i), an upper-triangular block reflector TB(i) is computed. These blocks are stored as a sequence of upper-triangular column blocks in the NB-by-N matrix T. The size of each TB(i) block is NB-by-NB, except for the last block, whose size is LAST_NB-by-LAST_NB. For example, if M=6, N=5 and NB=2, the matrix T is T = ( TB(1), TB(2), TB(3) ) = = ( t11 t12 t13 t14 t15 ) ( t22 t24 ) The M-by-M factor Q_out is given as a product of NOCB unitary M-by-M matrices Q_out(i). Q_out = Q_out(1) * Q_out(2) * ... * Q_out(NOCB), where each matrix Q_out(i) is given by the WY-representation using corresponding blocks from the matrices V and T: Q_out(i) = I - VB(i) * TB(i) * (VB(i))**T, where I is the identity matrix. Here is the formula with matrix dimensions: Q(i){M-by-M} = I{M-by-M} - VB(i){M-by-INB} * TB(i){INB-by-INB} * (VB(i))**T {INB-by-M}, where INB = NB, except for the last block NOCB for which INB=LAST_NB. ===== NOTE: ===== If Q_in is the result of doing a QR factorization B = Q_in * R_in, then: B = (Q_out*S) * R_in = Q_out * (S * R_in) = Q_out * R_out. So if one wants to interpret Q_out as the result of the QR factorization of B, then the corresponding R_out should be equal to R_out = S * R_in, i.e. some rows of R_in should be multiplied by -1. For the details of the algorithm, see [1]. [1] 'Reconstructing Householder vectors from tall-skinny QR', G. Ballard, J. Demmel, L. Grigori, M. Jacquelin, H.D. Nguyen, E. Solomonik, J. Parallel Distrib. Comput., vol. 85, pp. 3-31, 2015. Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Contributors: November 2019, Igor Kozachenko, Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley subroutine cunm22 (character SIDE, character TRANS, integer M, integer N, integer N1, integer N2, complex, dimension( ldq, * ) Q, integer LDQ, complex, dimension( ldc, * ) C, integer LDC, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer LWORK, integer INFO) CUNM22 multiplies a general matrix by a banded unitary matrix. Purpose CUNM22 overwrites the general complex M-by-N matrix C with SIDE = 'L' SIDE = 'R' TRANS = 'N': Q * C C * Q TRANS = 'C': Q**H * C C * Q**H where Q is a complex unitary matrix of order NQ, with NQ = M if SIDE = 'L' and NQ = N if SIDE = 'R'. The unitary matrix Q processes a 2-by-2 block structure [ Q11 Q12 ] Q = [ ] [ Q21 Q22 ], where Q12 is an N1-by-N1 lower triangular matrix and Q21 is an N2-by-N2 upper triangular matrix. Parameters SIDE SIDE is CHARACTER*1 = 'L': apply Q or Q**H from the Left; = 'R': apply Q or Q**H from the Right. TRANS TRANS is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': apply Q (No transpose); = 'C': apply Q**H (Conjugate transpose). M M is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrix C. M >= 0. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix C. N >= 0. N1 N2 N1 is INTEGER N2 is INTEGER The dimension of Q12 and Q21, respectively. N1, N2 >= 0. The following requirement must be satisfied: N1 + N2 = M if SIDE = 'L' and N1 + N2 = N if SIDE = 'R'. Q Q is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDQ,M) if SIDE = 'L' (LDQ,N) if SIDE = 'R' LDQ LDQ is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array Q. LDQ >= max(1,M) if SIDE = 'L'; LDQ >= max(1,N) if SIDE = 'R'. C C is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDC,N) On entry, the M-by-N matrix C. On exit, C is overwritten by Q*C or Q**H*C or C*Q**H or C*Q. LDC LDC is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array C. LDC >= max(1,M). WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK)) On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK. LWORK LWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array WORK. If SIDE = 'L', LWORK >= max(1,N); if SIDE = 'R', LWORK >= max(1,M). For optimum performance LWORK >= M*N. If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cunm2l (character SIDE, character TRANS, integer M, integer N, integer K, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( * ) TAU, complex, dimension( ldc, * ) C, integer LDC, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer INFO) CUNM2L multiplies a general matrix by the unitary matrix from a QL factorization determined by cgeqlf (unblocked algorithm). Purpose: CUNM2L overwrites the general complex m-by-n matrix C with Q * C if SIDE = 'L' and TRANS = 'N', or Q**H* C if SIDE = 'L' and TRANS = 'C', or C * Q if SIDE = 'R' and TRANS = 'N', or C * Q**H if SIDE = 'R' and TRANS = 'C', where Q is a complex unitary matrix defined as the product of k elementary reflectors Q = H(k) . . . H(2) H(1) as returned by CGEQLF. Q is of order m if SIDE = 'L' and of order n if SIDE = 'R'. Parameters SIDE SIDE is CHARACTER*1 = 'L': apply Q or Q**H from the Left = 'R': apply Q or Q**H from the Right TRANS TRANS is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': apply Q (No transpose) = 'C': apply Q**H (Conjugate transpose) M M is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrix C. M >= 0. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix C. N >= 0. K K is INTEGER The number of elementary reflectors whose product defines the matrix Q. If SIDE = 'L', M >= K >= 0; if SIDE = 'R', N >= K >= 0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,K) The i-th column must contain the vector which defines the elementary reflector H(i), for i = 1,2,...,k, as returned by CGEQLF in the last k columns of its array argument A. A is modified by the routine but restored on exit. LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. If SIDE = 'L', LDA >= max(1,M); if SIDE = 'R', LDA >= max(1,N). TAU TAU is COMPLEX array, dimension (K) TAU(i) must contain the scalar factor of the elementary reflector H(i), as returned by CGEQLF. C C is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDC,N) On entry, the m-by-n matrix C. On exit, C is overwritten by Q*C or Q**H*C or C*Q**H or C*Q. LDC LDC is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array C. LDC >= max(1,M). WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (N) if SIDE = 'L', (M) if SIDE = 'R' INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cunm2r (character SIDE, character TRANS, integer M, integer N, integer K, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( * ) TAU, complex, dimension( ldc, * ) C, integer LDC, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer INFO) CUNM2R multiplies a general matrix by the unitary matrix from a QR factorization determined by cgeqrf (unblocked algorithm). Purpose: CUNM2R overwrites the general complex m-by-n matrix C with Q * C if SIDE = 'L' and TRANS = 'N', or Q**H* C if SIDE = 'L' and TRANS = 'C', or C * Q if SIDE = 'R' and TRANS = 'N', or C * Q**H if SIDE = 'R' and TRANS = 'C', where Q is a complex unitary matrix defined as the product of k elementary reflectors Q = H(1) H(2) . . . H(k) as returned by CGEQRF. Q is of order m if SIDE = 'L' and of order n if SIDE = 'R'. Parameters SIDE SIDE is CHARACTER*1 = 'L': apply Q or Q**H from the Left = 'R': apply Q or Q**H from the Right TRANS TRANS is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': apply Q (No transpose) = 'C': apply Q**H (Conjugate transpose) M M is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrix C. M >= 0. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix C. N >= 0. K K is INTEGER The number of elementary reflectors whose product defines the matrix Q. If SIDE = 'L', M >= K >= 0; if SIDE = 'R', N >= K >= 0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,K) The i-th column must contain the vector which defines the elementary reflector H(i), for i = 1,2,...,k, as returned by CGEQRF in the first k columns of its array argument A. A is modified by the routine but restored on exit. LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. If SIDE = 'L', LDA >= max(1,M); if SIDE = 'R', LDA >= max(1,N). TAU TAU is COMPLEX array, dimension (K) TAU(i) must contain the scalar factor of the elementary reflector H(i), as returned by CGEQRF. C C is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDC,N) On entry, the m-by-n matrix C. On exit, C is overwritten by Q*C or Q**H*C or C*Q**H or C*Q. LDC LDC is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array C. LDC >= max(1,M). WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (N) if SIDE = 'L', (M) if SIDE = 'R' INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cunmbr (character VECT, character SIDE, character TRANS, integer M, integer N, integer K, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( * ) TAU, complex, dimension( ldc, * ) C, integer LDC, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer LWORK, integer INFO) CUNMBR Purpose: If VECT = 'Q', CUNMBR overwrites the general complex M-by-N matrix C with SIDE = 'L' SIDE = 'R' TRANS = 'N': Q * C C * Q TRANS = 'C': Q**H * C C * Q**H If VECT = 'P', CUNMBR overwrites the general complex M-by-N matrix C with SIDE = 'L' SIDE = 'R' TRANS = 'N': P * C C * P TRANS = 'C': P**H * C C * P**H Here Q and P**H are the unitary matrices determined by CGEBRD when reducing a complex matrix A to bidiagonal form: A = Q * B * P**H. Q and P**H are defined as products of elementary reflectors H(i) and G(i) respectively. Let nq = m if SIDE = 'L' and nq = n if SIDE = 'R'. Thus nq is the order of the unitary matrix Q or P**H that is applied. If VECT = 'Q', A is assumed to have been an NQ-by-K matrix: if nq >= k, Q = H(1) H(2) . . . H(k); if nq < k, Q = H(1) H(2) . . . H(nq-1). If VECT = 'P', A is assumed to have been a K-by-NQ matrix: if k < nq, P = G(1) G(2) . . . G(k); if k >= nq, P = G(1) G(2) . . . G(nq-1). Parameters VECT VECT is CHARACTER*1 = 'Q': apply Q or Q**H; = 'P': apply P or P**H. SIDE SIDE is CHARACTER*1 = 'L': apply Q, Q**H, P or P**H from the Left; = 'R': apply Q, Q**H, P or P**H from the Right. TRANS TRANS is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': No transpose, apply Q or P; = 'C': Conjugate transpose, apply Q**H or P**H. M M is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrix C. M >= 0. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix C. N >= 0. K K is INTEGER If VECT = 'Q', the number of columns in the original matrix reduced by CGEBRD. If VECT = 'P', the number of rows in the original matrix reduced by CGEBRD. K >= 0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,min(nq,K)) if VECT = 'Q' (LDA,nq) if VECT = 'P' The vectors which define the elementary reflectors H(i) and G(i), whose products determine the matrices Q and P, as returned by CGEBRD. LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. If VECT = 'Q', LDA >= max(1,nq); if VECT = 'P', LDA >= max(1,min(nq,K)). TAU TAU is COMPLEX array, dimension (min(nq,K)) TAU(i) must contain the scalar factor of the elementary reflector H(i) or G(i) which determines Q or P, as returned by CGEBRD in the array argument TAUQ or TAUP. C C is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDC,N) On entry, the M-by-N matrix C. On exit, C is overwritten by Q*C or Q**H*C or C*Q**H or C*Q or P*C or P**H*C or C*P or C*P**H. LDC LDC is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array C. LDC >= max(1,M). WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK)) On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK. LWORK LWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array WORK. If SIDE = 'L', LWORK >= max(1,N); if SIDE = 'R', LWORK >= max(1,M); if N = 0 or M = 0, LWORK >= 1. For optimum performance LWORK >= max(1,N*NB) if SIDE = 'L', and LWORK >= max(1,M*NB) if SIDE = 'R', where NB is the optimal blocksize. (NB = 0 if M = 0 or N = 0.) If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cunmhr (character SIDE, character TRANS, integer M, integer N, integer ILO, integer IHI, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( * ) TAU, complex, dimension( ldc, * ) C, integer LDC, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer LWORK, integer INFO) CUNMHR Purpose: CUNMHR overwrites the general complex M-by-N matrix C with SIDE = 'L' SIDE = 'R' TRANS = 'N': Q * C C * Q TRANS = 'C': Q**H * C C * Q**H where Q is a complex unitary matrix of order nq, with nq = m if SIDE = 'L' and nq = n if SIDE = 'R'. Q is defined as the product of IHI-ILO elementary reflectors, as returned by CGEHRD: Q = H(ilo) H(ilo+1) . . . H(ihi-1). Parameters SIDE SIDE is CHARACTER*1 = 'L': apply Q or Q**H from the Left; = 'R': apply Q or Q**H from the Right. TRANS TRANS is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': apply Q (No transpose) = 'C': apply Q**H (Conjugate transpose) M M is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrix C. M >= 0. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix C. N >= 0. ILO ILO is INTEGER IHI IHI is INTEGER ILO and IHI must have the same values as in the previous call of CGEHRD. Q is equal to the unit matrix except in the submatrix Q(ilo+1:ihi,ilo+1:ihi). If SIDE = 'L', then 1 <= ILO <= IHI <= M, if M > 0, and ILO = 1 and IHI = 0, if M = 0; if SIDE = 'R', then 1 <= ILO <= IHI <= N, if N > 0, and ILO = 1 and IHI = 0, if N = 0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,M) if SIDE = 'L' (LDA,N) if SIDE = 'R' The vectors which define the elementary reflectors, as returned by CGEHRD. LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,M) if SIDE = 'L'; LDA >= max(1,N) if SIDE = 'R'. TAU TAU is COMPLEX array, dimension (M-1) if SIDE = 'L' (N-1) if SIDE = 'R' TAU(i) must contain the scalar factor of the elementary reflector H(i), as returned by CGEHRD. C C is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDC,N) On entry, the M-by-N matrix C. On exit, C is overwritten by Q*C or Q**H*C or C*Q**H or C*Q. LDC LDC is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array C. LDC >= max(1,M). WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK)) On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK. LWORK LWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array WORK. If SIDE = 'L', LWORK >= max(1,N); if SIDE = 'R', LWORK >= max(1,M). For optimum performance LWORK >= N*NB if SIDE = 'L', and LWORK >= M*NB if SIDE = 'R', where NB is the optimal blocksize. If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cunml2 (character SIDE, character TRANS, integer M, integer N, integer K, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( * ) TAU, complex, dimension( ldc, * ) C, integer LDC, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer INFO) CUNML2 multiplies a general matrix by the unitary matrix from a LQ factorization determined by cgelqf (unblocked algorithm). Purpose: CUNML2 overwrites the general complex m-by-n matrix C with Q * C if SIDE = 'L' and TRANS = 'N', or Q**H* C if SIDE = 'L' and TRANS = 'C', or C * Q if SIDE = 'R' and TRANS = 'N', or C * Q**H if SIDE = 'R' and TRANS = 'C', where Q is a complex unitary matrix defined as the product of k elementary reflectors Q = H(k)**H . . . H(2)**H H(1)**H as returned by CGELQF. Q is of order m if SIDE = 'L' and of order n if SIDE = 'R'. Parameters SIDE SIDE is CHARACTER*1 = 'L': apply Q or Q**H from the Left = 'R': apply Q or Q**H from the Right TRANS TRANS is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': apply Q (No transpose) = 'C': apply Q**H (Conjugate transpose) M M is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrix C. M >= 0. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix C. N >= 0. K K is INTEGER The number of elementary reflectors whose product defines the matrix Q. If SIDE = 'L', M >= K >= 0; if SIDE = 'R', N >= K >= 0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,M) if SIDE = 'L', (LDA,N) if SIDE = 'R' The i-th row must contain the vector which defines the elementary reflector H(i), for i = 1,2,...,k, as returned by CGELQF in the first k rows of its array argument A. A is modified by the routine but restored on exit. LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,K). TAU TAU is COMPLEX array, dimension (K) TAU(i) must contain the scalar factor of the elementary reflector H(i), as returned by CGELQF. C C is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDC,N) On entry, the m-by-n matrix C. On exit, C is overwritten by Q*C or Q**H*C or C*Q**H or C*Q. LDC LDC is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array C. LDC >= max(1,M). WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (N) if SIDE = 'L', (M) if SIDE = 'R' INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cunmlq (character SIDE, character TRANS, integer M, integer N, integer K, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( * ) TAU, complex, dimension( ldc, * ) C, integer LDC, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer LWORK, integer INFO) CUNMLQ Purpose: CUNMLQ overwrites the general complex M-by-N matrix C with SIDE = 'L' SIDE = 'R' TRANS = 'N': Q * C C * Q TRANS = 'C': Q**H * C C * Q**H where Q is a complex unitary matrix defined as the product of k elementary reflectors Q = H(k)**H . . . H(2)**H H(1)**H as returned by CGELQF. Q is of order M if SIDE = 'L' and of order N if SIDE = 'R'. Parameters SIDE SIDE is CHARACTER*1 = 'L': apply Q or Q**H from the Left; = 'R': apply Q or Q**H from the Right. TRANS TRANS is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': No transpose, apply Q; = 'C': Conjugate transpose, apply Q**H. M M is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrix C. M >= 0. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix C. N >= 0. K K is INTEGER The number of elementary reflectors whose product defines the matrix Q. If SIDE = 'L', M >= K >= 0; if SIDE = 'R', N >= K >= 0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,M) if SIDE = 'L', (LDA,N) if SIDE = 'R' The i-th row must contain the vector which defines the elementary reflector H(i), for i = 1,2,...,k, as returned by CGELQF in the first k rows of its array argument A. LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,K). TAU TAU is COMPLEX array, dimension (K) TAU(i) must contain the scalar factor of the elementary reflector H(i), as returned by CGELQF. C C is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDC,N) On entry, the M-by-N matrix C. On exit, C is overwritten by Q*C or Q**H*C or C*Q**H or C*Q. LDC LDC is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array C. LDC >= max(1,M). WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK)) On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK. LWORK LWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array WORK. If SIDE = 'L', LWORK >= max(1,N); if SIDE = 'R', LWORK >= max(1,M). For good performance, LWORK should generally be larger. If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cunmql (character SIDE, character TRANS, integer M, integer N, integer K, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( * ) TAU, complex, dimension( ldc, * ) C, integer LDC, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer LWORK, integer INFO) CUNMQL Purpose: CUNMQL overwrites the general complex M-by-N matrix C with SIDE = 'L' SIDE = 'R' TRANS = 'N': Q * C C * Q TRANS = 'C': Q**H * C C * Q**H where Q is a complex unitary matrix defined as the product of k elementary reflectors Q = H(k) . . . H(2) H(1) as returned by CGEQLF. Q is of order M if SIDE = 'L' and of order N if SIDE = 'R'. Parameters SIDE SIDE is CHARACTER*1 = 'L': apply Q or Q**H from the Left; = 'R': apply Q or Q**H from the Right. TRANS TRANS is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': No transpose, apply Q; = 'C': Conjugate transpose, apply Q**H. M M is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrix C. M >= 0. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix C. N >= 0. K K is INTEGER The number of elementary reflectors whose product defines the matrix Q. If SIDE = 'L', M >= K >= 0; if SIDE = 'R', N >= K >= 0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,K) The i-th column must contain the vector which defines the elementary reflector H(i), for i = 1,2,...,k, as returned by CGEQLF in the last k columns of its array argument A. LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. If SIDE = 'L', LDA >= max(1,M); if SIDE = 'R', LDA >= max(1,N). TAU TAU is COMPLEX array, dimension (K) TAU(i) must contain the scalar factor of the elementary reflector H(i), as returned by CGEQLF. C C is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDC,N) On entry, the M-by-N matrix C. On exit, C is overwritten by Q*C or Q**H*C or C*Q**H or C*Q. LDC LDC is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array C. LDC >= max(1,M). WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK)) On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK. LWORK LWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array WORK. If SIDE = 'L', LWORK >= max(1,N); if SIDE = 'R', LWORK >= max(1,M). For good performance, LWORK should generally be larger. If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cunmqr (character SIDE, character TRANS, integer M, integer N, integer K, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( * ) TAU, complex, dimension( ldc, * ) C, integer LDC, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer LWORK, integer INFO) CUNMQR Purpose: CUNMQR overwrites the general complex M-by-N matrix C with SIDE = 'L' SIDE = 'R' TRANS = 'N': Q * C C * Q TRANS = 'C': Q**H * C C * Q**H where Q is a complex unitary matrix defined as the product of k elementary reflectors Q = H(1) H(2) . . . H(k) as returned by CGEQRF. Q is of order M if SIDE = 'L' and of order N if SIDE = 'R'. Parameters SIDE SIDE is CHARACTER*1 = 'L': apply Q or Q**H from the Left; = 'R': apply Q or Q**H from the Right. TRANS TRANS is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': No transpose, apply Q; = 'C': Conjugate transpose, apply Q**H. M M is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrix C. M >= 0. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix C. N >= 0. K K is INTEGER The number of elementary reflectors whose product defines the matrix Q. If SIDE = 'L', M >= K >= 0; if SIDE = 'R', N >= K >= 0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,K) The i-th column must contain the vector which defines the elementary reflector H(i), for i = 1,2,...,k, as returned by CGEQRF in the first k columns of its array argument A. LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. If SIDE = 'L', LDA >= max(1,M); if SIDE = 'R', LDA >= max(1,N). TAU TAU is COMPLEX array, dimension (K) TAU(i) must contain the scalar factor of the elementary reflector H(i), as returned by CGEQRF. C C is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDC,N) On entry, the M-by-N matrix C. On exit, C is overwritten by Q*C or Q**H*C or C*Q**H or C*Q. LDC LDC is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array C. LDC >= max(1,M). WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK)) On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK. LWORK LWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array WORK. If SIDE = 'L', LWORK >= max(1,N); if SIDE = 'R', LWORK >= max(1,M). For good performance, LWORK should generally be larger. If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cunmr2 (character SIDE, character TRANS, integer M, integer N, integer K, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( * ) TAU, complex, dimension( ldc, * ) C, integer LDC, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer INFO) CUNMR2 multiplies a general matrix by the unitary matrix from a RQ factorization determined by cgerqf (unblocked algorithm). Purpose: CUNMR2 overwrites the general complex m-by-n matrix C with Q * C if SIDE = 'L' and TRANS = 'N', or Q**H* C if SIDE = 'L' and TRANS = 'C', or C * Q if SIDE = 'R' and TRANS = 'N', or C * Q**H if SIDE = 'R' and TRANS = 'C', where Q is a complex unitary matrix defined as the product of k elementary reflectors Q = H(1)**H H(2)**H . . . H(k)**H as returned by CGERQF. Q is of order m if SIDE = 'L' and of order n if SIDE = 'R'. Parameters SIDE SIDE is CHARACTER*1 = 'L': apply Q or Q**H from the Left = 'R': apply Q or Q**H from the Right TRANS TRANS is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': apply Q (No transpose) = 'C': apply Q**H (Conjugate transpose) M M is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrix C. M >= 0. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix C. N >= 0. K K is INTEGER The number of elementary reflectors whose product defines the matrix Q. If SIDE = 'L', M >= K >= 0; if SIDE = 'R', N >= K >= 0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,M) if SIDE = 'L', (LDA,N) if SIDE = 'R' The i-th row must contain the vector which defines the elementary reflector H(i), for i = 1,2,...,k, as returned by CGERQF in the last k rows of its array argument A. A is modified by the routine but restored on exit. LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,K). TAU TAU is COMPLEX array, dimension (K) TAU(i) must contain the scalar factor of the elementary reflector H(i), as returned by CGERQF. C C is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDC,N) On entry, the m-by-n matrix C. On exit, C is overwritten by Q*C or Q**H*C or C*Q**H or C*Q. LDC LDC is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array C. LDC >= max(1,M). WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (N) if SIDE = 'L', (M) if SIDE = 'R' INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cunmr3 (character SIDE, character TRANS, integer M, integer N, integer K, integer L, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( * ) TAU, complex, dimension( ldc, * ) C, integer LDC, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer INFO) CUNMR3 multiplies a general matrix by the unitary matrix from a RZ factorization determined by ctzrzf (unblocked algorithm). Purpose: CUNMR3 overwrites the general complex m by n matrix C with Q * C if SIDE = 'L' and TRANS = 'N', or Q**H* C if SIDE = 'L' and TRANS = 'C', or C * Q if SIDE = 'R' and TRANS = 'N', or C * Q**H if SIDE = 'R' and TRANS = 'C', where Q is a complex unitary matrix defined as the product of k elementary reflectors Q = H(1) H(2) . . . H(k) as returned by CTZRZF. Q is of order m if SIDE = 'L' and of order n if SIDE = 'R'. Parameters SIDE SIDE is CHARACTER*1 = 'L': apply Q or Q**H from the Left = 'R': apply Q or Q**H from the Right TRANS TRANS is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': apply Q (No transpose) = 'C': apply Q**H (Conjugate transpose) M M is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrix C. M >= 0. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix C. N >= 0. K K is INTEGER The number of elementary reflectors whose product defines the matrix Q. If SIDE = 'L', M >= K >= 0; if SIDE = 'R', N >= K >= 0. L L is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix A containing the meaningful part of the Householder reflectors. If SIDE = 'L', M >= L >= 0, if SIDE = 'R', N >= L >= 0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,M) if SIDE = 'L', (LDA,N) if SIDE = 'R' The i-th row must contain the vector which defines the elementary reflector H(i), for i = 1,2,...,k, as returned by CTZRZF in the last k rows of its array argument A. A is modified by the routine but restored on exit. LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,K). TAU TAU is COMPLEX array, dimension (K) TAU(i) must contain the scalar factor of the elementary reflector H(i), as returned by CTZRZF. C C is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDC,N) On entry, the m-by-n matrix C. On exit, C is overwritten by Q*C or Q**H*C or C*Q**H or C*Q. LDC LDC is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array C. LDC >= max(1,M). WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (N) if SIDE = 'L', (M) if SIDE = 'R' INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Contributors: A. Petitet, Computer Science Dept., Univ. of Tenn., Knoxville, USA Further Details: subroutine cunmrq (character SIDE, character TRANS, integer M, integer N, integer K, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( * ) TAU, complex, dimension( ldc, * ) C, integer LDC, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer LWORK, integer INFO) CUNMRQ Purpose: CUNMRQ overwrites the general complex M-by-N matrix C with SIDE = 'L' SIDE = 'R' TRANS = 'N': Q * C C * Q TRANS = 'C': Q**H * C C * Q**H where Q is a complex unitary matrix defined as the product of k elementary reflectors Q = H(1)**H H(2)**H . . . H(k)**H as returned by CGERQF. Q is of order M if SIDE = 'L' and of order N if SIDE = 'R'. Parameters SIDE SIDE is CHARACTER*1 = 'L': apply Q or Q**H from the Left; = 'R': apply Q or Q**H from the Right. TRANS TRANS is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': No transpose, apply Q; = 'C': Conjugate transpose, apply Q**H. M M is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrix C. M >= 0. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix C. N >= 0. K K is INTEGER The number of elementary reflectors whose product defines the matrix Q. If SIDE = 'L', M >= K >= 0; if SIDE = 'R', N >= K >= 0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,M) if SIDE = 'L', (LDA,N) if SIDE = 'R' The i-th row must contain the vector which defines the elementary reflector H(i), for i = 1,2,...,k, as returned by CGERQF in the last k rows of its array argument A. LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,K). TAU TAU is COMPLEX array, dimension (K) TAU(i) must contain the scalar factor of the elementary reflector H(i), as returned by CGERQF. C C is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDC,N) On entry, the M-by-N matrix C. On exit, C is overwritten by Q*C or Q**H*C or C*Q**H or C*Q. LDC LDC is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array C. LDC >= max(1,M). WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK)) On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK. LWORK LWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array WORK. If SIDE = 'L', LWORK >= max(1,N); if SIDE = 'R', LWORK >= max(1,M). For good performance, LWORK should generally be larger. If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cunmrz (character SIDE, character TRANS, integer M, integer N, integer K, integer L, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( * ) TAU, complex, dimension( ldc, * ) C, integer LDC, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer LWORK, integer INFO) CUNMRZ Purpose: CUNMRZ overwrites the general complex M-by-N matrix C with SIDE = 'L' SIDE = 'R' TRANS = 'N': Q * C C * Q TRANS = 'C': Q**H * C C * Q**H where Q is a complex unitary matrix defined as the product of k elementary reflectors Q = H(1) H(2) . . . H(k) as returned by CTZRZF. Q is of order M if SIDE = 'L' and of order N if SIDE = 'R'. Parameters SIDE SIDE is CHARACTER*1 = 'L': apply Q or Q**H from the Left; = 'R': apply Q or Q**H from the Right. TRANS TRANS is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': No transpose, apply Q; = 'C': Conjugate transpose, apply Q**H. M M is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrix C. M >= 0. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix C. N >= 0. K K is INTEGER The number of elementary reflectors whose product defines the matrix Q. If SIDE = 'L', M >= K >= 0; if SIDE = 'R', N >= K >= 0. L L is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix A containing the meaningful part of the Householder reflectors. If SIDE = 'L', M >= L >= 0, if SIDE = 'R', N >= L >= 0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,M) if SIDE = 'L', (LDA,N) if SIDE = 'R' The i-th row must contain the vector which defines the elementary reflector H(i), for i = 1,2,...,k, as returned by CTZRZF in the last k rows of its array argument A. A is modified by the routine but restored on exit. LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,K). TAU TAU is COMPLEX array, dimension (K) TAU(i) must contain the scalar factor of the elementary reflector H(i), as returned by CTZRZF. C C is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDC,N) On entry, the M-by-N matrix C. On exit, C is overwritten by Q*C or Q**H*C or C*Q**H or C*Q. LDC LDC is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array C. LDC >= max(1,M). WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK)) On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK. LWORK LWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array WORK. If SIDE = 'L', LWORK >= max(1,N); if SIDE = 'R', LWORK >= max(1,M). For good performance, LWORK should generally be larger. If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. Contributors: A. Petitet, Computer Science Dept., Univ. of Tenn., Knoxville, USA Further Details: subroutine cunmtr (character SIDE, character UPLO, character TRANS, integer M, integer N, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, complex, dimension( * ) TAU, complex, dimension( ldc, * ) C, integer LDC, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer LWORK, integer INFO) CUNMTR Purpose: CUNMTR overwrites the general complex M-by-N matrix C with SIDE = 'L' SIDE = 'R' TRANS = 'N': Q * C C * Q TRANS = 'C': Q**H * C C * Q**H where Q is a complex unitary matrix of order nq, with nq = m if SIDE = 'L' and nq = n if SIDE = 'R'. Q is defined as the product of nq-1 elementary reflectors, as returned by CHETRD: if UPLO = 'U', Q = H(nq-1) . . . H(2) H(1); if UPLO = 'L', Q = H(1) H(2) . . . H(nq-1). Parameters SIDE SIDE is CHARACTER*1 = 'L': apply Q or Q**H from the Left; = 'R': apply Q or Q**H from the Right. UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': Upper triangle of A contains elementary reflectors from CHETRD; = 'L': Lower triangle of A contains elementary reflectors from CHETRD. TRANS TRANS is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': No transpose, apply Q; = 'C': Conjugate transpose, apply Q**H. M M is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrix C. M >= 0. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix C. N >= 0. A A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,M) if SIDE = 'L' (LDA,N) if SIDE = 'R' The vectors which define the elementary reflectors, as returned by CHETRD. LDA LDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,M) if SIDE = 'L'; LDA >= max(1,N) if SIDE = 'R'. TAU TAU is COMPLEX array, dimension (M-1) if SIDE = 'L' (N-1) if SIDE = 'R' TAU(i) must contain the scalar factor of the elementary reflector H(i), as returned by CHETRD. C C is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDC,N) On entry, the M-by-N matrix C. On exit, C is overwritten by Q*C or Q**H*C or C*Q**H or C*Q. LDC LDC is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array C. LDC >= max(1,M). WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK)) On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK. LWORK LWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array WORK. If SIDE = 'L', LWORK >= max(1,N); if SIDE = 'R', LWORK >= max(1,M). For optimum performance LWORK >= N*NB if SIDE = 'L', and LWORK >=M*NB if SIDE = 'R', where NB is the optimal blocksize. If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cupgtr (character UPLO, integer N, complex, dimension( * ) AP, complex, dimension( * ) TAU, complex, dimension( ldq, * ) Q, integer LDQ, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer INFO) CUPGTR Purpose: CUPGTR generates a complex unitary matrix Q which is defined as the product of n-1 elementary reflectors H(i) of order n, as returned by CHPTRD using packed storage: if UPLO = 'U', Q = H(n-1) . . . H(2) H(1), if UPLO = 'L', Q = H(1) H(2) . . . H(n-1). Parameters UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': Upper triangular packed storage used in previous call to CHPTRD; = 'L': Lower triangular packed storage used in previous call to CHPTRD. N N is INTEGER The order of the matrix Q. N >= 0. AP AP is COMPLEX array, dimension (N*(N+1)/2) The vectors which define the elementary reflectors, as returned by CHPTRD. TAU TAU is COMPLEX array, dimension (N-1) TAU(i) must contain the scalar factor of the elementary reflector H(i), as returned by CHPTRD. Q Q is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDQ,N) The N-by-N unitary matrix Q. LDQ LDQ is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array Q. LDQ >= max(1,N). WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (N-1) INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine cupmtr (character SIDE, character UPLO, character TRANS, integer M, integer N, complex, dimension( * ) AP, complex, dimension( * ) TAU, complex, dimension( ldc, * ) C, integer LDC, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer INFO) CUPMTR Purpose: CUPMTR overwrites the general complex M-by-N matrix C with SIDE = 'L' SIDE = 'R' TRANS = 'N': Q * C C * Q TRANS = 'C': Q**H * C C * Q**H where Q is a complex unitary matrix of order nq, with nq = m if SIDE = 'L' and nq = n if SIDE = 'R'. Q is defined as the product of nq-1 elementary reflectors, as returned by CHPTRD using packed storage: if UPLO = 'U', Q = H(nq-1) . . . H(2) H(1); if UPLO = 'L', Q = H(1) H(2) . . . H(nq-1). Parameters SIDE SIDE is CHARACTER*1 = 'L': apply Q or Q**H from the Left; = 'R': apply Q or Q**H from the Right. UPLO UPLO is CHARACTER*1 = 'U': Upper triangular packed storage used in previous call to CHPTRD; = 'L': Lower triangular packed storage used in previous call to CHPTRD. TRANS TRANS is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': No transpose, apply Q; = 'C': Conjugate transpose, apply Q**H. M M is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrix C. M >= 0. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix C. N >= 0. AP AP is COMPLEX array, dimension (M*(M+1)/2) if SIDE = 'L' (N*(N+1)/2) if SIDE = 'R' The vectors which define the elementary reflectors, as returned by CHPTRD. AP is modified by the routine but restored on exit. TAU TAU is COMPLEX array, dimension (M-1) if SIDE = 'L' or (N-1) if SIDE = 'R' TAU(i) must contain the scalar factor of the elementary reflector H(i), as returned by CHPTRD. C C is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDC,N) On entry, the M-by-N matrix C. On exit, C is overwritten by Q*C or Q**H*C or C*Q**H or C*Q. LDC LDC is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array C. LDC >= max(1,M). WORK WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (N) if SIDE = 'L' (M) if SIDE = 'R' INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine dorm22 (character SIDE, character TRANS, integer M, integer N, integer N1, integer N2, double precision, dimension( ldq, * ) Q, integer LDQ, double precision, dimension( ldc, * ) C, integer LDC, double precision, dimension( * ) WORK, integer LWORK, integer INFO) DORM22 multiplies a general matrix by a banded orthogonal matrix. Purpose DORM22 overwrites the general real M-by-N matrix C with SIDE = 'L' SIDE = 'R' TRANS = 'N': Q * C C * Q TRANS = 'T': Q**T * C C * Q**T where Q is a real orthogonal matrix of order NQ, with NQ = M if SIDE = 'L' and NQ = N if SIDE = 'R'. The orthogonal matrix Q processes a 2-by-2 block structure [ Q11 Q12 ] Q = [ ] [ Q21 Q22 ], where Q12 is an N1-by-N1 lower triangular matrix and Q21 is an N2-by-N2 upper triangular matrix. Parameters SIDE SIDE is CHARACTER*1 = 'L': apply Q or Q**T from the Left; = 'R': apply Q or Q**T from the Right. TRANS TRANS is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': apply Q (No transpose); = 'C': apply Q**T (Conjugate transpose). M M is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrix C. M >= 0. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix C. N >= 0. N1 N2 N1 is INTEGER N2 is INTEGER The dimension of Q12 and Q21, respectively. N1, N2 >= 0. The following requirement must be satisfied: N1 + N2 = M if SIDE = 'L' and N1 + N2 = N if SIDE = 'R'. Q Q is DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (LDQ,M) if SIDE = 'L' (LDQ,N) if SIDE = 'R' LDQ LDQ is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array Q. LDQ >= max(1,M) if SIDE = 'L'; LDQ >= max(1,N) if SIDE = 'R'. C C is DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (LDC,N) On entry, the M-by-N matrix C. On exit, C is overwritten by Q*C or Q**T*C or C*Q**T or C*Q. LDC LDC is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array C. LDC >= max(1,M). WORK WORK is DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK)) On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK. LWORK LWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array WORK. If SIDE = 'L', LWORK >= max(1,N); if SIDE = 'R', LWORK >= max(1,M). For optimum performance LWORK >= M*N. If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine sorm22 (character SIDE, character TRANS, integer M, integer N, integer N1, integer N2, real, dimension( ldq, * ) Q, integer LDQ, real, dimension( ldc, * ) C, integer LDC, real, dimension( * ) WORK, integer LWORK, integer INFO) SORM22 multiplies a general matrix by a banded orthogonal matrix. Purpose SORM22 overwrites the general real M-by-N matrix C with SIDE = 'L' SIDE = 'R' TRANS = 'N': Q * C C * Q TRANS = 'T': Q**T * C C * Q**T where Q is a real orthogonal matrix of order NQ, with NQ = M if SIDE = 'L' and NQ = N if SIDE = 'R'. The orthogonal matrix Q processes a 2-by-2 block structure [ Q11 Q12 ] Q = [ ] [ Q21 Q22 ], where Q12 is an N1-by-N1 lower triangular matrix and Q21 is an N2-by-N2 upper triangular matrix. Parameters SIDE SIDE is CHARACTER*1 = 'L': apply Q or Q**T from the Left; = 'R': apply Q or Q**T from the Right. TRANS TRANS is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': apply Q (No transpose); = 'C': apply Q**T (Conjugate transpose). M M is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrix C. M >= 0. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix C. N >= 0. N1 N2 N1 is INTEGER N2 is INTEGER The dimension of Q12 and Q21, respectively. N1, N2 >= 0. The following requirement must be satisfied: N1 + N2 = M if SIDE = 'L' and N1 + N2 = N if SIDE = 'R'. Q Q is REAL array, dimension (LDQ,M) if SIDE = 'L' (LDQ,N) if SIDE = 'R' LDQ LDQ is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array Q. LDQ >= max(1,M) if SIDE = 'L'; LDQ >= max(1,N) if SIDE = 'R'. C C is REAL array, dimension (LDC,N) On entry, the M-by-N matrix C. On exit, C is overwritten by Q*C or Q**T*C or C*Q**T or C*Q. LDC LDC is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array C. LDC >= max(1,M). WORK WORK is REAL array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK)) On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK. LWORK LWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array WORK. If SIDE = 'L', LWORK >= max(1,N); if SIDE = 'R', LWORK >= max(1,M). For optimum performance LWORK >= M*N. If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd. subroutine zunm22 (character SIDE, character TRANS, integer M, integer N, integer N1, integer N2, complex*16, dimension( ldq, * ) Q, integer LDQ, complex*16, dimension( ldc, * ) C, integer LDC, complex*16, dimension( * ) WORK, integer LWORK, integer INFO) ZUNM22 multiplies a general matrix by a banded unitary matrix. Purpose ZUNM22 overwrites the general complex M-by-N matrix C with SIDE = 'L' SIDE = 'R' TRANS = 'N': Q * C C * Q TRANS = 'C': Q**H * C C * Q**H where Q is a complex unitary matrix of order NQ, with NQ = M if SIDE = 'L' and NQ = N if SIDE = 'R'. The unitary matrix Q processes a 2-by-2 block structure [ Q11 Q12 ] Q = [ ] [ Q21 Q22 ], where Q12 is an N1-by-N1 lower triangular matrix and Q21 is an N2-by-N2 upper triangular matrix. Parameters SIDE SIDE is CHARACTER*1 = 'L': apply Q or Q**H from the Left; = 'R': apply Q or Q**H from the Right. TRANS TRANS is CHARACTER*1 = 'N': apply Q (No transpose); = 'C': apply Q**H (Conjugate transpose). M M is INTEGER The number of rows of the matrix C. M >= 0. N N is INTEGER The number of columns of the matrix C. N >= 0. N1 N2 N1 is INTEGER N2 is INTEGER The dimension of Q12 and Q21, respectively. N1, N2 >= 0. The following requirement must be satisfied: N1 + N2 = M if SIDE = 'L' and N1 + N2 = N if SIDE = 'R'. Q Q is COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDQ,M) if SIDE = 'L' (LDQ,N) if SIDE = 'R' LDQ LDQ is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array Q. LDQ >= max(1,M) if SIDE = 'L'; LDQ >= max(1,N) if SIDE = 'R'. C C is COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDC,N) On entry, the M-by-N matrix C. On exit, C is overwritten by Q*C or Q**H*C or C*Q**H or C*Q. LDC LDC is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array C. LDC >= max(1,M). WORK WORK is COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK)) On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK. LWORK LWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array WORK. If SIDE = 'L', LWORK >= max(1,N); if SIDE = 'R', LWORK >= max(1,M). For optimum performance LWORK >= M*N. If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA. INFO INFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value Author Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of California Berkeley Univ. of Colorado Denver NAG Ltd.
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