NAME

     cal, ncal — displays a calendar and the date of Easter

SYNOPSIS

     cal [-3hjy] [-A number] [-B number] [[month] year]
     cal [-3hj] [-A number] [-B number] -m month [year]
     ncal [-3bhjJpwySM] [-A number] [-B number] [-W number] [-s country_code] [[month] year]
     ncal [-Jeo] [-A number] [-B number] [year]
     ncal [-CN] [-H yyyy-mm-dd] [-d yyyy-mm]

DESCRIPTION

     The cal utility displays a simple calendar in traditional format and ncal offers an
     alternative layout, more options and the date of Easter.  The new format is a little cramped
     but it makes a year fit on a 25x80 terminal.  If arguments are not specified, the current
     month is displayed.

     The options are as follows:

     -h      Turns off highlighting of today.

     -J      Display Julian Calendar, if combined with the -o option, display date of Orthodox
             Easter according to the Julian Calendar.

     -e      Display date of Easter (for western churches).

     -j      Display Julian days (days one-based, numbered from January 1).

     -m month
             Display the specified month.  If month is specified as a decimal number, appending
             ‘f’ or ‘p’ displays the same month of the following or previous year respectively.

     -o      Display date of Orthodox Easter (Greek and Russian Orthodox Churches).

     -p      Print the country codes and switching days from Julian to Gregorian Calendar as they
             are assumed by ncal.  The country code as determined from the local environment is
             marked with an asterisk.

     -s country_code
             Assume the switch from Julian to Gregorian Calendar at the date associated with the
             country_code.  If not specified, ncal tries to guess the switch date from the local
             environment or falls back to September 2, 1752.  This was when Great Britain and her
             colonies switched to the Gregorian Calendar.

     -w      Print the number of the week below each week column.

     -y      Display a calendar for the specified year. This option is implied when a year but no
             month are specified on the command line.

     -3      Display the previous, current and next month surrounding today.

     -1      Display only the current month. This is the default.

     -A number
             Months to add after. The specified number of months is added to the end of the
             display. This is in addition to any date range selected by the -y, -3, or -1
             options. For example, “cal -y -B2 -A2” shows everything from November of the
             previous year to February of the following year. Negative numbers are allowed, in
             which case the specified number of months is subtracted. For example, “cal -y -B-6”
             shows July to December. And “cal -A11” simply shows the next 12 months.

     -B number
             Months to add before. The specified number of months is added to the beginning of
             the display. See -A for examples.

     -C      Completely switch to cal mode. For cal like output only, use -b instead.

     -d yyyy-mm
             Use yyyy-mm as the current date (for debugging of date selection).

     -H yyyy-mm-dd
             Use yyyy-mm-dd as the current date (for debugging of highlighting).

     -M      Weeks start on Monday.

     -S      Weeks start on Sunday.

     -W number
             First week of the year has at least number days.

     -b      Use oldstyle format for ncal output.

     A single parameter specifies the year (1–9999) to be displayed; note the year must be fully
     specified: “cal 89” will not display a calendar for 1989.  Two parameters denote the month
     and year; the month is either a number between 1 and 12, or a full or abbreviated name as
     specified by the current locale.  Month and year default to those of the current system
     clock and time zone (so “cal -m 8” will display a calendar for the month of August in the
     current year).

     Not all options can be used together.  For example the options -y, -3, and -1 are mutually
     exclusive. If inconsistent options are given, the later ones take precedence over the
     earlier ones.

     A year starts on January 1.

     Highlighting of dates is disabled if stdout is not a tty.

SEE ALSO

     calendar(3), strftime(3)

STANDARDS

     The cal utility is compliant with the X/Open System Interfaces option of the IEEE Std
     1003.1-2008 (“POSIX.1”) specification.

     The flags [-3hyJeopw], as well as the ability to specify a month name as a single argument,
     are extensions to that specification.

     The week number computed by -w is compliant with the ISO 8601 specification.

HISTORY

     A cal command appeared in Version 1 AT&T UNIX.  The ncal command appeared in FreeBSD 2.2.6.
     The output of the cal command is supposed to be bit for bit compatible to the original Unix
     cal command, because its output is processed by other programs like CGI scripts, that should
     not be broken. Therefore it will always output 8 lines, even if only 7 contain data. This
     extra blank line also appears with the original cal command, at least on Solaris 8

AUTHORS

     The ncal command and manual were written by Wolfgang Helbig <helbig@FreeBSD.org>.

BUGS

     The assignment of Julian–Gregorian switching dates to country codes is historically naive
     for many countries.

     Not all options are compatible and using them in different orders will give varying results.

     It is not possible to display Monday as the first day of the week with cal.