Provided by: libbobcat-dev_6.03.02-2_amd64 bug

NAME

       binops - Template functions for class-type binary operators

SYNOPSIS

       #include <utility>
       #include <bobcat/typetrait>
       #include <bobcat/binops>

DESCRIPTION

       Classes  can  overload  binary  operators.  A  class named Class may overload these binary
       operators to suit its own needs, allowing, e.g., two Class type objects to be added  after
       overloading operator+. Operators for the binary operators *, /, %, +, -, <<, >>, &, |, and
       ^ (in this man-page they are generically indicated as the `@’ operator) can be  overloaded
       by defining the operator@ function.

       If  a class supports copy construction and if it offers binary assignment operators (i.e.,
       it offers members of the form operator@=), then the matching binary operators can  all  be
       implemented identically. The move-aware Class &operator@(Class &&lhs, Class const &rhs) is
       easily implemented in terms of operator@= (note that the class itself doesn’t have  to  be
       `move-aware’  to  define this function). The move-aware binary operator one requires a one
       line implementation, and as its implementation never changes it could  safely  be  defined
       inline:

       Class operator@(Class &&lhs, Class const &rhs)
       {
           return std::move(std::move(lhs) @= rhs);
       }

       The traditional binary operator can be implemented using its standard form:

       Class operator@(Class const &lhs, Class const &rhs)
       {
           Class tmp(lhs);
           tmp @= rhs;
           return tmp;
       }

       The  implementation in bobcat/binops is slightly more complex as it allows from lhs or rhs
       promotions.

       As the binary operators can all be  implemented  alike  their  definitions  are  perfectly
       suited  for  templates:  A  class offering a particular operator@= then automatically also
       offers the matching binary operators  after  including  bobcat/binops.  Since  the  binary
       function  templates  are not instantiated until used their definitions can be processed by
       the compiler even if a class implements only a subset of the available  binary  assignment
       operators.

NAMESPACE

       The  binary  operator  functions  templates  in  bobcat/binops  are  not  implemented in a
       particular namespace. This allows sources to include bobcat/binops in multiple namespaces.

       If bobcat/binops is to be used in multiple namespaces then the  include  safeguard  (using
       the   identifier   INCLUDED_BOBCAT_BINOPS_)  must  be  suppressed  between  inclusions  of
       bobcat/binops in different namespaces.

       E.g., to make the binary operator function templates available in a source file using  the
       namespace FBB and in a source file using the default namespace the following scheme can be
       used:

       #include <utility>              // ensure std::move is available
       #include <bobcat/typetrait>     // required by binops

       namespace MY_NAMESPACE
       {
           #include <bobcat/binops>    // binary operators available in MY_NAMESPACE
       }
       #undef INCLUDED_BOBCAT_BINOPS_  // suppress the include guard

       #include <bobcat/binops>        // read binops again so the binary
                                       // operators can be used in the
                                       // default namespace as well

INHERITS FROM

       -

OVERLOADED OPERATORS

       The function templates in bobcat/binops implement all arithmetic  binary  operators,  both
       move-aware  and  the  traditional  binary operators, expecting constant lvalue references.
       They can be used if the matching binary  assignment  operators  were  implemented  in  the
       classes  for  which  the  templates  must  be  instantiated.  The  following operators are
       available:

       Move-aware operators, using temporary objects for its left-hand side operands:

       o      Class operator*(Class &&lhs, Class const &rhs):

       o      Class operator/(Class &&lhs, Class const &rhs):

       o      Class operator%(Class &&lhs, Class const &rhs):

       o      Class operator+(Class &&lhs, Class const &rhs):

       o      Class operator-(Class &&lhs, Class const &rhs):

       o      Class operator<<(Class &&lhs, Class const &rhs):

       o      Class operator>>(Class &&lhs, Class const &rhs):

       o      Class operator&(Class &&lhs, Class const &rhs):

       o      Class operator|(Class &&lhs, Class const &rhs):

       o      Class operator^(Class &&lhs, Class const &rhs):

       `Traditional’ operators, using lvalue references to constant  objects  for  its  left-hand
       side operands:

       o      Class operator*(Class const &lhs, Class const &rhs):

       o      Class operator/(Class const &lhs, Class const &rhs):

       o      Class operator%(Class const &lhs, Class const &rhs):

       o      Class operator+(Class const &lhs, Class const &rhs):

       o      Class operator-(Class const &lhs, Class const &rhs):

       o      Class operator<<(Class const &lhs, Class const &rhs):

       o      Class operator>>(Class const &lhs, Class const &rhs):

       o      Class operator&(Class const &lhs, Class const &rhs):

       o      Class operator|(Class const &lhs, Class const &rhs):

       o      Class operator^(Class const &lhs, Class const &rhs):
              The latter group of operators also support promotions.

EXAMPLE

       #include <iostream>
       #include <utility>

       #include "../../typetrait/typetrait"
       #include "../binops"

       class Demo
       {
           friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, Demo const &demo);
           int d_value;

           public:
               Demo(int value = 0)
               :
                   d_value(value)
               {}

               Demo(Demo const &other)
               :
                   d_value(other.d_value)
               {
                   std::cout << "Demo CC called\n";
               }

               Demo &operator+=(Demo const &rhs)
               {
                   d_value += rhs.d_value;
                   return *this;
               }
       };
       std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, Demo const &demo)
       {
           return out << demo.d_value;
       }

       using namespace std;

       int main()
       {
           Demo four(4);
           Demo five(5);

           cout << four + five << ’\n’ <<
                   four + 5 << ’\n’ <<
                   4  + five << ’\n’;
       }

FILES

       bobcat/binops - defines the binary operator function templates

SEE ALSO

       bobcat/binopsbase(3) bobcat(7)

BUGS

       o      The header files utility, defining std::move, and bobcat/typetrait are required by,
              but are not included  by  bobcat/binops.  This  was  a  design  decision,  see  the
              NAMESPACE section.

BOBCAT PROJECT FILES

       o      https://fbb-git.gitlab.io/bobcat/: gitlab project page;

       o      bobcat_6.03.02-x.dsc: detached signature;

       o      bobcat_6.03.02-x.tar.gz: source archive;

       o      bobcat_6.03.02-x_i386.changes: change log;

       o      libbobcat1_6.03.02-x_*.deb: debian package containing the libraries;

       o      libbobcat1-dev_6.03.02-x_*.deb:  debian  package  containing the libraries, headers
              and manual pages;

BOBCAT

       Bobcat is an acronym of `Brokken’s Own Base Classes And Templates’.

COPYRIGHT

       This is free software, distributed under the terms  of  the  GNU  General  Public  License
       (GPL).

AUTHOR

       Frank B. Brokken (f.b.brokken@rug.nl).