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NAME
nl_langinfo, nl_langinfo_l - query language and locale information
LIBRARY
Standard C library (libc, -lc)
SYNOPSIS
#include <langinfo.h>
char *nl_langinfo(nl_item item);
char *nl_langinfo_l(nl_item item, locale_t locale);
Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):
nl_langinfo_l():
Since glibc 2.24:
_POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200809L
glibc 2.23 and earlier:
_POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L
DESCRIPTION
The nl_langinfo() and nl_langinfo_l() functions provide access to locale information in a
more flexible way than localeconv(3). nl_langinfo() returns a string which is the value
corresponding to item in the program's current global locale. nl_langinfo_l() returns a
string which is the value corresponding to item for the locale identified by the locale
object locale, which was previously created by newlocale(3). Individual and additional
elements of the locale categories can be queried. setlocale(3) needs to be executed with
proper arguments before.
Examples for the locale elements that can be specified in item using the constants defined
in <langinfo.h> are:
CODESET (LC_CTYPE)
Return a string with the name of the character encoding used in the selected
locale, such as "UTF-8", "ISO-8859-1", or "ANSI_X3.4-1968" (better known as US-
ASCII). This is the same string that you get with "locale charmap". For a list of
character encoding names, try "locale -m" (see locale(1)).
D_T_FMT (LC_TIME)
Return a string that can be used as a format string for strftime(3) to represent
time and date in a locale-specific way (%c conversion specification).
D_FMT (LC_TIME)
Return a string that can be used as a format string for strftime(3) to represent a
date in a locale-specific way (%x conversion specification).
T_FMT (LC_TIME)
Return a string that can be used as a format string for strftime(3) to represent a
time in a locale-specific way (%X conversion specification).
AM_STR (LC_TIME)
Return a string that represents affix for ante meridiem (before noon, "AM") time.
(Used in %p strftime(3) conversion specification.)
PM_STR (LC_TIME)
Return a string that represents affix for post meridiem (before midnight, "PM")
time. (Used in %p strftime(3) conversion specification.)
T_FMT_AMPM (LC_TIME)
Return a string that can be used as a format string for strftime(3) to represent a
time in a.m. or p.m. notation in a locale-specific way (%r conversion
specification).
ERA (LC_TIME)
Return era description, which contains information about how years are counted and
displayed for each era in a locale. Each era description segment shall have the
format:
direction:offset:start_date:end_date:era_name:era_format
according to the definitions below:
direction Either a "+" or a "-" character. The "+" means that years increase
from the start_date towards the end_date, "-" means the opposite.
offset The epoch year of the start_date.
start_date A date in the form yyyy/mm/dd, where yyyy, mm, and dd are the year,
month, and day numbers respectively of the start of the era.
end_date The ending date of the era, in the same format as the start_date, or
one of the two special values "-*" (minus infinity) or "+*" (plus
infinity).
era_name The name of the era, corresponding to the %EC strftime(3) conversion
specification.
era_format The format of the year in the era, corresponding to the %EY strftime(3)
conversion specification.
Era description segments are separated by semicolons. Most locales do not define
this value. Examples of locales that do define this value are the Japanese and
Thai locales.
ERA_D_T_FMT (LC_TIME)
Return a string that can be used as a format string for strftime(3) for alternative
representation of time and date in a locale-specific way (%Ec conversion
specification).
ERA_D_FMT (LC_TIME)
Return a string that can be used as a format string for strftime(3) for alternative
representation of a date in a locale-specific way (%Ex conversion specification).
ERA_T_FMT (LC_TIME)
Return a string that can be used as a format string for strftime(3) for alternative
representation of a time in a locale-specific way (%EX conversion specification).
DAY_{1–7} (LC_TIME)
Return name of the n-th day of the week. [Warning: this follows the US convention
DAY_1 = Sunday, not the international convention (ISO 8601) that Monday is the
first day of the week.] (Used in %A strftime(3) conversion specification.)
ABDAY_{1–7} (LC_TIME)
Return abbreviated name of the n-th day of the week. (Used in %a strftime(3)
conversion specification.)
MON_{1–12} (LC_TIME)
Return name of the n-th month. (Used in %B strftime(3) conversion specification.)
ABMON_{1–12} (LC_TIME)
Return abbreviated name of the n-th month. (Used in %b strftime(3) conversion
specification.)
RADIXCHAR (LC_NUMERIC)
Return radix character (decimal dot, decimal comma, etc.).
THOUSEP (LC_NUMERIC)
Return separator character for thousands (groups of three digits).
YESEXPR (LC_MESSAGES)
Return a regular expression that can be used with the regex(3) function to
recognize a positive response to a yes/no question.
NOEXPR (LC_MESSAGES)
Return a regular expression that can be used with the regex(3) function to
recognize a negative response to a yes/no question.
CRNCYSTR (LC_MONETARY)
Return the currency symbol, preceded by "-" if the symbol should appear before the
value, "+" if the symbol should appear after the value, or "." if the symbol should
replace the radix character.
The above list covers just some examples of items that can be requested. For a more
detailed list, consult The GNU C Library Reference Manual.
RETURN VALUE
On success, these functions return a pointer to a string which is the value corresponding
to item in the specified locale.
If no locale has been selected by setlocale(3) for the appropriate category, nl_langinfo()
return a pointer to the corresponding string in the "C" locale. The same is true of
nl_langinfo_l() if locale specifies a locale where langinfo data is not defined.
If item is not valid, a pointer to an empty string is returned.
The pointer returned by these functions may point to static data that may be overwritten,
or the pointer itself may be invalidated, by a subsequent call to nl_langinfo(),
nl_langinfo_l(), or setlocale(3). The same statements apply to nl_langinfo_l() if the
locale object referred to by locale is freed or modified by freelocale(3) or newlocale(3).
POSIX specifies that the application may not modify the string returned by these
functions.
ATTRIBUTES
For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see attributes(7).
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┬───────────────┬────────────────┐
│Interface │ Attribute │ Value │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────────┼────────────────┤
│nl_langinfo() │ Thread safety │ MT-Safe locale │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┴───────────────┴────────────────┘
STANDARDS
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, SUSv2.
NOTES
The behavior of nl_langinfo_l() is undefined if locale is the special locale object
LC_GLOBAL_LOCALE or is not a valid locale object handle.
EXAMPLES
The following program sets the character type and the numeric locale according to the
environment and queries the terminal character set and the radix character.
#include <langinfo.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int
main(void)
{
setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "");
printf("%s\n", nl_langinfo(CODESET));
printf("%s\n", nl_langinfo(RADIXCHAR));
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
SEE ALSO
locale(1), localeconv(3), setlocale(3), charsets(7), locale(7)
The GNU C Library Reference Manual