Provided by: casper_1.486_amd64 
NAME
casper - a hook for initramfs-tools to boot live systems.
SYNOPSIS
BOOT=casper As kernel parameter boot prompt.
DESCRIPTION
Casper is a hook for initramfs-tools used to generate an initramfs capable to boot live
systems as those created by make-live. This includes the Debian-Live isos, netboot
tarballs, and usb stick images and Ubuntu live cds. At boot time it will look for a (read-
only) media containing a "/casper" directory where a root filesystems (often a compressed
squashfs) is stored. If found, it will create a writable environment, using overlay, for
debian like systems to boot from.
RECOGNIZED BOOT OPTIONS
casper-getty
This enables a special "serial" login shell (experimental).
xdebconf
uses xdebconfigurator, if present on the rootfs, to configure X instead of the
standard procedure (experimental).
fsck.mode=skip
Let you skip the file system check on boot.
hostname=HOSTNAME , userfullname=USERFULLNAME , username=USERNAME
Those parameters lets you override values read from the config file.
{keyb|kbd-chooser/method}=KEYBOARD , {klayout|console-setup/layoutcode|keyboard-
configuration/layoutcode}=LAYOUT , {kvariant|console-setup/variantcode|keyboard-
configuration/variantcode}=VARIANT , {kmodel|console-setup/modelcode|keyboard-
configuration/modelcode}=CODE , koptions=OPTIONS
Configure the running keyboard as specified, if this one misses casper behaves as
if "keyb=us" was specified. It will be interfered from "locale=" if locale is only
2 lowecase letters as a special case. You could also specify console layout,
variant, code, and options (no defaults).
ip=IFACE,ADDRESS,NETMASK,GATEWAY[:IFACE,ADDRESS,NETMASK,GATEWAY]*
Let you specify the name(s) and the options of the interface(s) that should be
configured at boot time. Do not specify this if you want to use dhcp (default).
ip[=frommedia]
If this variable is set, dhcp and static configuration are just skipped and the
system will use the (must be) media-preconfigured /etc/network/interfaces instead.
{live-media|bootfrom}=DEVICE
If you specify one of this two equivalent forms, casper will first try to find this
device for the "/casper" directory where the read-only root filesystem should
reside. If it did not find something usable, the normal scan for block devices is
performed.
live-media-offset=BYTES
This way you could tell casper that your image starts at offset BYTES in the above
specified or autodiscovered device, this could be useful to hide the debian-live
iso or image inside another iso or image, to create "clean" images.
live-media-path=PATH
Sets the path to the live filesystem on the medium. By default, it is set to
"/casper" and you should not change that unless you have customized your media
accordingly.
layerfs-path=PATH
Sets the path to the leaf layer of an overlay-compatible multi-layer live
filesystem on the medium. By default, it is not set and multi layer is disabled and
falls back to the default behaviour of casper. A relative path uses "live-mediate-
path" as root directory. All the layer images of the same hierarchy must be in the
same directory.
locale=LOCALE | debian-installer/locale=LOCALE|debian-installer/language="LANG
Configure the running locale as specified, if not present the live-media rootfs
configured locale will be used and if also this one misses casper behave as
"locale=en_US.UTF-8" was specified. If only 2 lowercase letter are specified (like
"it"), the "maybe wanted" locale is generated (like it:IT.UTF-8), in this case if
also "keyb=" is unspecified is set with those 2 lowercase letters (keyb=it). if
debian-installer/language is set, it will choose the appropriate locale
corresponding to this language (it,fr,us,...)
debian-installer/driver-update=
Add a ubiquity hook to install driver-updates to the target system.
netboot[=nfs|cifs|url]
This tells casper to perform a network mount. The parameter "nfsroot=" (with
optional "nfsopts="), should specify where is the location of the root filesystem.
With no args, will try cifs first, and if it fails nfs. If url method is chosen,
"iso-url=" parameter should point to the location of the ".iso" that will be
downloaded and mounted. Note "iso-url=" on the commandline alone, by default sets
"netboot=url" method too.
iso-url|url=URL
This tells casper the download location of the installer ISO. The ISO will be
downloaded and mounted. Networking is required for this option to work, which can
be configured with "ip=" option. Note, setting this option, will also set
"netboot=url" method.
persistent
Casper will look for persistent and snapshot partitions or files labeled "casper-
rw", "home-rw", and files called "casper-sn*", "home-sn*" and will try to, in
order: mount as /cow the first, mount the second in /home, and just copy the
contents of the latter in appropriate locations (snapshots). Snapshots will be
tried to be updated on reboot/shutdown. Look at casper-snapshot(1) for more
informations.
nopersistent
disables the above mentioned "persistent" feature, useful if the bootloader (like
syslinux) has been installed with persistent enabled.
persistent-path=PATH
Casper will look for persistency files in the root directory of a partition. With
this parameter, the path can be configured so that you can have multiple
directories on the same partition to store persistency files.
serialtty=tty
Redirect output to tty of choice for debugging purposes in live sessions
showmounts|show-cow
This parameter will make casper to show on "/" the ro filesystems (mostly
compressed) on /casper. This is not enabled by default because could lead to
problems by applications like "mono" which store binary paths on installation.
textonly|automatic-ubiquity|only-ubiquity|noninteractive
Start up to text-mode shell prompts, disabling the graphical user interface.
todisk=DEVICE
Adding this parameter, casper will try to copy the entire read-only media to the
specified device before mounting the root filesystem. It probably needs a lot of
free space. Subsequent boots should then skip this step and just specify the "live-
media=DEVICE" boot parameter with the same DEVICE used this time.
toram Adding this parameter, casper will try to copy the whole read-only media to the
computer's RAM before mounting the root filesystem. This could need a lot of ram,
according to the space used by the read-only media.
{preseed/file|file}=FILE
A path to a file present on the rootfs could be used to preseed debconf database.
preseed/allow-network=true
Bring up the network while running preseed/early_command.
package/question=VALUE
All debian installed packages could be preseeded from command-line that way, beware
of blanks spaces, they will interfere with parsing, use a preseed file in this
case.
uuid=UUID
Check that the discovered medium matches UUID rather than the default UUID embedded
in the initramfs.
ignore_uuid
Do not check that any UUID embedded in the initramfs matches the discovered medium.
casper may be told to generate a UUID by setting CASPER_GENERATE_UUID=1 when
building the initramfs.
noprompt
Do not prompt to eject the CD on reboot.
access=[v1|v2|v3|m1|m2]
Adding this parameter will tune the graphic configuration to different
accessibility needs. access=v1 for Lesser Visual Impairment, access=v2 for
Moderate Visual Impairment, access=v3 for Blindness, access=m1 for Minor motor
difficulties and access and m2 for Motor difficulties with pointing devices.
braille=ask
Adding this parameter will enable graphic configuration for screen reader.
xforcevesa
Create basic xorg.conf to force VESA mode only which could help if no suitable
video driver is available
FILES
/etc/casper.conf some variables can be configured via this config file.
BUGS
casper works fully on amd64, i386 and ppc, it should also run on other archs.
HOMEPAGE
Debian Live project <http://live.debian.net/>
SEE ALSO
casper-snapshot(1),initramfs-tools(8),make-live(8),make-live.conf(5)
AUTHOR
casper was written by Tollef Fog Heen <tfheen@canonical.com>, Matt Zimmerman
<mdz@canonical.com>, and Marco Amadori <marco.amadori@gmail.com>.
This manual page was written by Marco Amadori <marco.amadori@gmail.com>,
for the Debian project (but may be used by others).