Provided by: libfont-ttf-perl_1.06-2_all 
NAME
Font::TTF::Ttopen - Opentype superclass for standard Opentype lookup based tables (GSUB and GPOS)
DESCRIPTION
Handles all the script, lang, feature, lookup stuff for a Font::TTF::Gsub/Font::TTF::Gpos table leaving
the class specifics to the subclass
INSTANCE VARIABLES
The instance variables of an opentype table form a complex sub-module hierarchy.
Version
This contains the version of the table as a floating point number
SCRIPTS
The scripts list is a hash of script tags. Each script tag (of the form $t->{'SCRIPTS'}{$tag}) has
information below it.
OFFSET This variable is preceded by a space and gives the offset from the start of the table (not
the table section) to the script table for this script
REFTAG This variable is preceded by a space and gives a corresponding script tag to this one such
that the offsets in the file are the same. When writing, it is up to the caller to ensure
that the REFTAGs are set correctly, since these will be used to assume that the scripts are
identical. Note that REFTAG must refer to a script which has no REFTAG of its own.
DEFAULT This corresponds to the default language for this script, if there is one, and contains the
same information as an itemised language
LANG_TAGS
This contains an array of language tag strings (each 4 bytes) corresponding to the languages
listed by this script
$lang Each language is a hash containing its information:
OFFSET This variable is preceded by a a space and gives the offset from the start of the
whole table to the language table for this language
REFTAG This variable is preceded by a space and has the same function as for the script
REFTAG, only for the languages within a script.
RE-ORDER This indicates re-ordering information, and has not been set. The value should
always be 0.
DEFAULT This holds the index of the default feature, if there is one, or -1 otherwise.
FEATURES This is an array of feature tags for all the features enabled for this language
FEATURES
The features section of instance variables corresponds to the feature table in the opentype table.
FEAT_TAGS
This array gives the ordered list of feature tags for this table. It is used during reading
and writing for converting between feature index and feature tag.
The rest of the FEATURES variable is itself a hash based on the feature tag for each feature. Each
feature has the following structure:
OFFSET This attribute is preceded by a space and gives the offset relative to the start of the whole
table of this particular feature.
PARMS If FeatureParams are defined for this feature, this contains a reference to the corresponding
FeatureParams object. Otherwise set to null.
LOOKUPS This is an array containing indices to lookups in the LOOKUP instance variable of the table
INDEX This gives the feature index for this feature and is used during reading and writing for
converting between feature tag and feature index.
LOOKUP
This variable is an array of lookups in order and is indexed via the features of a language of a
script. Each lookup contains subtables and other information:
OFFSET This name is preceded by a space and contains the offset from the start of the table to this
particular lookup
TYPE This is a subclass specific type for a lookup. It stipulates the type of lookup and hence
subtables within the lookup
FLAG Holds the lookup flag bits
FILTER Holds the MarkFilteringSet (that is, the index into GDEF->MARKSETS) for the lookup.
SUB This holds an array of subtables which are subclass specific. Each subtable must have an
OFFSET. The other variables described here are an abstraction used in both the GSUB and GPOS
tables which are the target subclasses of this class.
OFFSET This is preceded by a space and gives the offset relative to the start of the
table for this subtable
FORMAT Gives the sub-table sub format for this GSUB subtable. It is assumed that this
value is correct when it comes time to write the subtable.
COVERAGE Most lookups consist of a coverage table corresponding to the first glyph to
match. The offset of this coverage table is stored here and the coverage table
looked up against the GSUB table proper. There are two lookups without this
initial coverage table which is used to index into the RULES array. These
lookups have one element in the RULES array which is used for the whole match.
RULES The rules are a complex array. In most cases, each element of the array
corresponds to an element in the coverage table (governed by the coverage index).
In a few caess, such as when there is no coverage table, then there is considered
to be only one element in the rules array. Each element of the array is itself an
array corresponding to the possibly multiple string matches which may follow the
initial glyph. Each element of this array is a hash with fixed keys corresponding
to information needed to match a glyph string or act upon it. Thus the RULES
element is an array of arrays of hashes which contain the following keys:
MATCH This contains a sequence of elements held as an array. The
elements may be glyph ids (gid), class ids (cids), or offsets to
coverage tables. Each element corresponds to one glyph in the
glyph string. See MATCH_TYPE for details of how the different
element types are marked.
PRE This array holds the sequence of elements preceding the first
match element and has the same form as the MATCH array.
POST This array holds the sequence of elements to be tested for
following the match string and is of the same form as the MATCH
array.
ACTION This array holds information regarding what should be done if a
match is found. The array may either hold glyph ids (which are
used to replace or insert or whatever glyphs in the glyph string)
or 2 element arrays consisting of:
OFFSET Offset from the start of the matched string
that the lookup should start at when
processing the substring.
LOOKUP_INDEX The index to a lookup to be acted upon on the
match string.
CLASS For those lookups which use class categories rather than glyph ids for matching
this is the offset to the class definition used to categories glyphs in the match
string.
PRE_CLASS This is the offset to the class definition for the before match glyphs
POST_CLASS This is the offset to the class definition for the after match glyphs.
ACTION_TYPE This string holds the type of information held in the ACTION variable of a RULE.
It is subclass specific.
MATCH_TYPE This holds the type of information in the MATCH array of a RULE. This is subclass
specific.
ADJUST This corresponds to a single action for all items in a coverage table. The
meaning is subclass specific.
CACHE This key starts with a space
A hash of other tables (such as coverage tables, classes, anchors, device tables)
based on the offset given in the subtable to that other information. Note that
the documentation is particularly unhelpful here in that such tables are given as
offsets relative to the beginning of the subtable not the whole GSUB table. This
includes those items which are stored relative to another base within the
subtable.
METHODS
$t->read
Reads the table passing control to the subclass to handle the subtable specifics
$t->read_sub($fh, $lookup, $index)
This stub is to allow subclasses to read subtables of lookups in a table specific manner. A reference to
the lookup is passed in along with the subtable index. The file is located at the start of the subtable
to be read
$t->extension()
Returns the lookup number for the extension table that allows access to 32-bit offsets.
$t->out($fh)
Writes this Opentype table to the output calling $t->out_sub for each sub table at the appropriate point
in the output. The assumption is that on entry the number of scripts, languages, features, lookups, etc.
are all resolved and the relationships fixed. This includes a LANG_TAGS list for a script, and that all
scripts and languages in their respective dictionaries either have a REFTAG or contain real data.
$t->num_sub($lookup)
Asks the subclass to count the number of subtables for a particular lookup and to return that value. Used
in out().
$t->out_sub($fh, $lookup, $index)
This stub is to allow subclasses to output subtables of lookups in a table specific manner. A reference
to the lookup is passed in along with the subtable index. The file is located at the start of the
subtable to be output
$t->dirty
Setting GPOS or GSUB dirty means that OS/2 may need updating, so set it dirty.
$t->maxContext
Returns the length of the longest opentype rule in this table.
$t->update
Perform various housekeeping items:
For all lookups, set/clear 0x0010 bit of flag words based on 'FILTER' value.
Sort COVERAGE table and RULES for all lookups.
Unless $t->{' PARENT'}{' noharmony'} is true, update will make sure that GPOS and GSUB include the same
scripts and languages. Any added scripts and languages will have empty feature sets.
Internal Functions & Methods
Most of these methods are used by subclasses for handling such things as coverage tables.
copy($ref)
Internal function to copy the top level of a dictionary to create a new dictionary. Only the top level
is copied.
$t->read_cover($cover_offset, $lookup_loc, $lookup, $fh, $is_cover)
Reads a coverage table and stores the results in $lookup->{' CACHE'}, that is, if it has not been read
already.
ref_cache($obj, $cache, $offset [, $template])
Internal function to keep track of the local positioning of subobjects such as coverage and class
definition tables, and their offsets. What happens is that the cache is a hash of sub objects indexed by
the reference (using a string mashing of the reference name which is valid for the duration of the
reference) and holds a list of locations in the output string which should be filled in with the offset
to the sub object when the final string is output in out_final.
Uses tricks for Tie::Refhash
out_final($fh, $out, $cache_list, $state)
Internal function to actually output everything to the file handle given that now we know the offset to
the first sub object to be output and which sub objects are to be output and what locations need to be
updated, we can now generate everything. $cache_list is an array of two element arrays. The first element
is a cache object, the second is an offset to be subtracted from each reference to that object made in
the cache.
If $state is 1, then the output is not sent to the filehandle and the return value is the string to be
output. If $state is absent or 0 then output is not limited by storing in a string first and the return
value is "";
$self->read_context($lookup, $fh, $type, $fmt, $cover, $count, $loc)
Internal method to read context (simple and chaining context) lookup subtables for the GSUB and GPOS
table types. The assumed values for $type correspond to those for GSUB, so GPOS should adjust the values
upon calling.
$self->out_context($lookup, $fh, $type, $fmt, $ctables, $out, $num)
Provides shared behaviour between GSUB and GPOS tables during output for context (chained and simple)
rules. In addition, support is provided here for type 4 GSUB tables, which are not used in GPOS. The
value for $type corresponds to the type in a GSUB table so calling from GPOS should adjust the value
accordingly.
BUGS
• No way to share cachable items (coverage tables, classes, anchors, device tables) across different
lookups. The items are always output after the lookup and repeated if necessary. Within lookup
sharing is possible.
AUTHOR
Martin Hosken <http://scripts.sil.org/FontUtils>.
LICENSING
Copyright (c) 1998-2016, SIL International (http://www.sil.org)
This module is released under the terms of the Artistic License 2.0. For details, see the full text of
the license in the file LICENSE.
perl v5.34.0 2022-06-14 Font::TTF::Ttopen(3pm)