Provided by: libhook-lexwrap-perl_0.26-2_all 
NAME
Hook::LexWrap - Lexically scoped subroutine wrappers
VERSION
version 0.26
SYNOPSIS
use Hook::LexWrap;
sub doit { print "[doit:", caller, "]"; return {my=>"data"} }
SCOPED: {
wrap doit =>
pre => sub { print "[pre1: @_]\n" },
post => sub { print "[post1:@_]\n"; $_[1]=9; };
my $temporarily = wrap doit =>
post => sub { print "[post2:@_]\n" },
pre => sub { print "[pre2: @_]\n "};
@args = (1,2,3);
doit(@args); # pre2->pre1->doit->post1->post2
}
@args = (4,5,6);
doit(@args); # pre1->doit->post1
DESCRIPTION
Hook::LexWrap allows you to install a pre- or post-wrapper (or both) around an existing subroutine.
Unlike other modules that provide this capacity (e.g. Hook::PreAndPost and Hook::WrapSub), Hook::LexWrap
implements wrappers in such a way that the standard "caller" function works correctly within the wrapped
subroutine.
To install a prewrappers, you write:
use Hook::LexWrap;
wrap 'subroutine_name', pre => \&some_other_sub;
#or: wrap *subroutine_name, pre => \&some_other_sub;
The first argument to "wrap" is a string containing the name of the subroutine to be wrapped (or the
typeglob containing it, or a reference to it). The subroutine name may be qualified, and the subroutine
must already be defined. The second argument indicates the type of wrapper being applied and must be
either 'pre' or 'post'. The third argument must be a reference to a subroutine that implements the
wrapper.
To install a post-wrapper, you write:
wrap 'subroutine_name', post => \&yet_another_sub;
#or: wrap *subroutine_name, post => \&yet_another_sub;
To install both at once:
wrap 'subroutine_name',
pre => \&some_other_sub,
post => \&yet_another_sub;
or:
wrap *subroutine_name,
post => \&yet_another_sub, # order in which wrappers are
pre => \&some_other_sub; # specified doesn't matter
Once they are installed, the pre- and post-wrappers will be called before and after the subroutine
itself, and will be passed the same argument list.
The pre- and post-wrappers and the original subroutine also all see the same (correct!) values from
"caller" and "wantarray".
Short-circuiting and long-circuiting return values
The pre- and post-wrappers both receive an extra argument in their @_ arrays. That extra argument is
appended to the original argument list (i.e. is can always be accessed as $_[-1]) and acts as a place-
holder for the original subroutine's return value.
In a pre-wrapper, $_[-1] is -- for obvious reasons -- "undef". However, $_[-1] may be assigned to in a
pre-wrapper, in which case Hook::LexWrap assumes that the original subroutine has been "pre-empted", and
that neither it, nor the corresponding post-wrapper, nor any wrappers that were applied before the pre-
empting pre-wrapper was installed, need be run. Note that any post-wrappers that were installed after the
pre-empting pre-wrapper was installed will still be called before the original subroutine call returns.
In a post-wrapper, $_[-1] contains the return value produced by the wrapped subroutine. In a scalar
return context, this value is the scalar return value. In an list return context, this value is a
reference to the array of return values. $_[-1] may be assigned to in a post-wrapper, and this changes
the return value accordingly.
Access to the arguments and return value is useful for implementing techniques such as memoization:
my %cache;
wrap fibonacci =>
pre => sub { $_[-1] = $cache{$_[0]} if $cache{$_[0]} },
post => sub { $cache{$_[0]} = $_[-1] };
or for converting arguments and return values in a consistent manner:
# set_temp expects and returns degrees Fahrenheit,
# but we want to use Celsius
wrap set_temp =>
pre => sub { splice @_, 0, 1, $_[0] * 1.8 + 32 },
post => sub { $_[-1] = ($_[0] - 32) / 1.8 };
Lexically scoped wrappers
Normally, any wrappers installed by "wrap" remain attached to the subroutine until it is undefined.
However, it is possible to make specific wrappers lexically bound, so that they operate only until the
end of the scope in which they're created (or until some other specific point in the code).
If "wrap" is called in a non-void context:
my $lexical = wrap 'sub_name', pre => \&wrapper;
it returns a special object corresponding to the particular wrapper being placed around the original
subroutine. When that object is destroyed -- when its container variable goes out of scope, or when its
reference count otherwise falls to zero (e.g. "undef $lexical"), or when it is explicitly destroyed
("$lexical->DESTROY") -- the corresponding wrapper is removed from around the original subroutine. Note,
however, that all other wrappers around the subroutine are preserved.
Anonymous wrappers
If the subroutine to be wrapped is passed as a reference (rather than by name or by typeglob), "wrap"
does not install the wrappers around the original subroutine. Instead it generates a new subroutine which
acts as if it were the original with those wrappers around it. It then returns a reference to that new
subroutine. Only calls to the original through that wrapped reference invoke the wrappers. Direct by-name
calls to the original, or calls through another reference, do not.
If the original is subsequently wrapped by name, the anonymously wrapped subroutine reference does not
see those wrappers. In other words, wrappers installed via a subroutine reference are completely
independent of those installed via the subroutine's name (or typeglob).
For example:
sub original { print "ray" }
# Wrap anonymously...
my $anon_wrapped = wrap \&original, pre => sub { print "do..." };
# Show effects...
original(); # prints "ray"
$anon_wrapped->(); # prints "do..ray"
# Wrap nonymously...
wrap *original,
pre => sub { print "fa.." },
post => sub { print "..mi" };
# Show effects...
original(); # now prints "fa..ray..mi"
$anon_wrapped->(); # still prints "do...ray"
DIAGNOSTICS
"Can't wrap non-existent subroutine %s"
An attempt was made to wrap a subroutine that was not defined at the point of wrapping.
"'pre' value is not a subroutine reference"
The value passed to "wrap" after the 'pre' flag was not a subroutine reference. Typically, someone
forgot the "sub" on the anonymous subroutine:
wrap 'subname', pre => { your_code_here() };
and Perl interpreted the last argument as a hash constructor.
"'post' value is not a subroutine reference"
The value passed to "wrap" after the 'post' flag was not a subroutine reference.
"Uselessly wrapped subroutine reference in void context" (warning only)
When the subroutine to be wrapped is passed as a subroutine reference, "wrap" does not install the
wrapper around the original, but instead returns a reference to a subroutine which wraps the original
(see "Anonymous wrappers").
However, there's no point in doing this if you don't catch the resulting subroutine reference.
BLAME
Schwern made me do this (by implying it wasn't possible ;-)
SEE ALSO
Sub::Prepend
BUGS
There are undoubtedly serious bugs lurking somewhere in code this funky :-)
Bug reports and other feedback are most welcome.
Bugs may be submitted through the RT bug tracker <https://rt.cpan.org/Public/Dist/Display.html?Name=Hook-
LexWrap> (or bug-Hook-LexWrap@rt.cpan.org <mailto:bug-Hook-LexWrap@rt.cpan.org>).
AUTHOR
Damian Conway <damian@conway.org>
CONTRIBUTORS
• Karen Etheridge <ether@cpan.org>
• Alexandr Ciornii <alexchorny@gmail.com>
• Father Chrysostomos <sprout@cpan.org>
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
This software is copyright (c) 2001 by Damian Conway.
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5
programming language system itself.
perl v5.34.0 2022-06-14 Hook::LexWrap(3pm)