Provided by: systemd_255.4-1ubuntu8.4_amd64 
NAME
systemd.timer - Timer unit configuration
SYNOPSIS
timer.timer
DESCRIPTION
A unit configuration file whose name ends in ".timer" encodes information about a timer
controlled and supervised by systemd, for timer-based activation.
This man page lists the configuration options specific to this unit type. See
systemd.unit(5) for the common options of all unit configuration files. The common
configuration items are configured in the generic [Unit] and [Install] sections. The timer
specific configuration options are configured in the [Timer] section.
For each timer file, a matching unit file must exist, describing the unit to activate when
the timer elapses. By default, a service by the same name as the timer (except for the
suffix) is activated. Example: a timer file foo.timer activates a matching service
foo.service. The unit to activate may be controlled by Unit= (see below).
Note that in case the unit to activate is already active at the time the timer elapses it
is not restarted, but simply left running. There is no concept of spawning new service
instances in this case. Due to this, services with RemainAfterExit=yes set (which stay
around continuously even after the service's main process exited) are usually not suitable
for activation via repetitive timers, as they will only be activated once, and then stay
around forever. Target units, which by default do not deactivate on their own, can be
activated repeatedly by timers by setting StopWhenUnneeded=yes on them. This will cause a
target unit to be stopped immediately after its activation, if it is not a dependency of
another running unit.
AUTOMATIC DEPENDENCIES
Implicit Dependencies
The following dependencies are implicitly added:
• Timer units automatically gain a Before= dependency on the service they are supposed
to activate.
Default Dependencies
The following dependencies are added unless DefaultDependencies=no is set:
• Timer units will automatically have dependencies of type Requires= and After= on
sysinit.target, a dependency of type Before= on timers.target, as well as Conflicts=
and Before= on shutdown.target to ensure that they are stopped cleanly prior to system
shutdown. Only timer units involved with early boot or late system shutdown should
disable the DefaultDependencies= option.
• Timer units with at least one OnCalendar= directive acquire a pair of additional
After= dependencies on time-set.target and time-sync.target, in order to avoid being
started before the system clock has been correctly set. See systemd.special(7) for
details on these two targets.
OPTIONS
Timer unit files may include [Unit] and [Install] sections, which are described in
systemd.unit(5).
Timer unit files must include a [Timer] section, which carries information about the timer
it defines. The options specific to the [Timer] section of timer units are the following:
OnActiveSec=, OnBootSec=, OnStartupSec=, OnUnitActiveSec=, OnUnitInactiveSec=
Defines monotonic timers relative to different starting points:
Table 1. Settings and their starting points
┌───────────────────┬──────────────────────────────────┐
│Setting │ Meaning │
├───────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│OnActiveSec= │ Defines a timer relative to the │
│ │ moment the timer unit itself is │
│ │ activated. │
├───────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│OnBootSec= │ Defines a timer relative to when │
│ │ the machine was booted up. In │
│ │ containers, for the system │
│ │ manager instance, this is mapped │
│ │ to OnStartupSec=, making both │
│ │ equivalent. │
├───────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│OnStartupSec= │ Defines a timer relative to when │
│ │ the service manager was first │
│ │ started. For system timer units │
│ │ this is very similar to │
│ │ OnBootSec= as the system service │
│ │ manager is generally started │
│ │ very early at boot. It's │
│ │ primarily useful when configured │
│ │ in units running in the per-user │
│ │ service manager, as the user │
│ │ service manager is generally │
│ │ started on first login only, not │
│ │ already during boot. │
├───────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│OnUnitActiveSec= │ Defines a timer relative to when │
│ │ the unit the timer unit is │
│ │ activating was last activated. │
├───────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│OnUnitInactiveSec= │ Defines a timer relative to when │
│ │ the unit the timer unit is │
│ │ activating was last deactivated. │
└───────────────────┴──────────────────────────────────┘
Multiple directives may be combined of the same and of different types, in which case
the timer unit will trigger whenever any of the specified timer expressions elapse.
For example, by combining OnBootSec= and OnUnitActiveSec=, it is possible to define a
timer that elapses in regular intervals and activates a specific service each time.
Moreover, both monotonic time expressions and OnCalendar= calendar expressions may be
combined in the same timer unit.
The arguments to the directives are time spans configured in seconds. Example:
"OnBootSec=50" means 50s after boot-up. The argument may also include time units.
Example: "OnBootSec=5h 30min" means 5 hours and 30 minutes after boot-up. For details
about the syntax of time spans, see systemd.time(7).
If a timer configured with OnBootSec= or OnStartupSec= is already in the past when the
timer unit is activated, it will immediately elapse and the configured unit is
started. This is not the case for timers defined in the other directives.
These are monotonic timers, independent of wall-clock time and timezones. If the
computer is temporarily suspended, the monotonic clock generally pauses, too. Note
that if WakeSystem= is used, a different monotonic clock is selected that continues to
advance while the system is suspended and thus can be used as the trigger to resume
the system.
If the empty string is assigned to any of these options, the list of timers is reset
(both monotonic timers and OnCalendar= timers, see below), and all prior assignments
will have no effect.
Note that timers do not necessarily expire at the precise time configured with these
settings, as they are subject to the AccuracySec= setting below.
OnCalendar=
Defines realtime (i.e. wallclock) timers with calendar event expressions. See
systemd.time(7) for more information on the syntax of calendar event expressions.
Otherwise, the semantics are similar to OnActiveSec= and related settings.
Note that timers do not necessarily expire at the precise time configured with this
setting, as it is subject to the AccuracySec= setting below.
May be specified more than once, in which case the timer unit will trigger whenever
any of the specified expressions elapse. Moreover calendar timers and monotonic timers
(see above) may be combined within the same timer unit.
If the empty string is assigned to any of these options, the list of timers is reset
(both OnCalendar= timers and monotonic timers, see above), and all prior assignments
will have no effect.
Note that calendar timers might be triggered at unexpected times if the system's
realtime clock is not set correctly. Specifically, on systems that lack a
battery-buffered Realtime Clock (RTC) it might be wise to enable
systemd-time-wait-sync.service to ensure the clock is adjusted to a network time
source before the timer event is set up. Timer units with at least one OnCalendar=
expression are automatically ordered after time-sync.target, which
systemd-time-wait-sync.service is ordered before.
When a system is temporarily put to sleep (i.e. system suspend or hibernation) the
realtime clock does not pause. When a calendar timer elapses while the system is
sleeping it will not be acted on immediately, but once the system is later resumed it
will catch up and process all timers that triggered while the system was sleeping.
Note that if a calendar timer elapsed more than once while the system was continuously
sleeping the timer will only result in a single service activation. If WakeSystem=
(see below) is enabled a calendar time event elapsing while the system is suspended
will cause the system to wake up (under the condition the system's hardware supports
time-triggered wake-up functionality).
Added in version 197.
AccuracySec=
Specify the accuracy the timer shall elapse with. Defaults to 1min. The timer is
scheduled to elapse within a time window starting with the time specified in
OnCalendar=, OnActiveSec=, OnBootSec=, OnStartupSec=, OnUnitActiveSec= or
OnUnitInactiveSec= and ending the time configured with AccuracySec= later. Within this
time window, the expiry time will be placed at a host-specific, randomized, but stable
position that is synchronized between all local timer units. This is done in order to
optimize power consumption to suppress unnecessary CPU wake-ups. To get best accuracy,
set this option to 1us. Note that the timer is still subject to the timer slack
configured via systemd-system.conf(5)'s TimerSlackNSec= setting. See prctl(2) for
details. To optimize power consumption, make sure to set this value as high as
possible and as low as necessary.
Note that this setting is primarily a power saving option that allows coalescing CPU
wake-ups. It should not be confused with RandomizedDelaySec= (see below) which adds a
random value to the time the timer shall elapse next and whose purpose is the
opposite: to stretch elapsing of timer events over a longer period to reduce workload
spikes. For further details and explanations and how both settings play together, see
below.
Added in version 209.
RandomizedDelaySec=
Delay the timer by a randomly selected, evenly distributed amount of time between 0
and the specified time value. Defaults to 0, indicating that no randomized delay shall
be applied. Each timer unit will determine this delay randomly before each iteration,
and the delay will simply be added on top of the next determined elapsing time, unless
modified with FixedRandomDelay=, see below.
This setting is useful to stretch dispatching of similarly configured timer events
over a certain time interval, to prevent them from firing all at the same time,
possibly resulting in resource congestion.
Note the relation to AccuracySec= above: the latter allows the service manager to
coalesce timer events within a specified time range in order to minimize wakeups,
while this setting does the opposite: it stretches timer events over an interval, to
make it unlikely that they fire simultaneously. If RandomizedDelaySec= and
AccuracySec= are used in conjunction, first the randomized delay is added, and then
the result is possibly further shifted to coalesce it with other timer events
happening on the system. As mentioned above AccuracySec= defaults to 1 minute and
RandomizedDelaySec= to 0, thus encouraging coalescing of timer events. In order to
optimally stretch timer events over a certain range of time, set AccuracySec=1us and
RandomizedDelaySec= to some higher value.
Added in version 229.
FixedRandomDelay=
Takes a boolean argument. When enabled, the randomized offset specified by
RandomizedDelaySec= is reused for all firings of the same timer. For a given timer
unit, the offset depends on the machine ID, user identifier and timer name, which
means that it is stable between restarts of the manager. This effectively creates a
fixed offset for an individual timer, reducing the jitter in firings of this timer,
while still avoiding firing at the same time as other similarly configured timers.
This setting has no effect if RandomizedDelaySec= is set to 0. Defaults to false.
Added in version 247.
OnClockChange=, OnTimezoneChange=
These options take boolean arguments. When true, the service unit will be triggered
when the system clock (CLOCK_REALTIME) jumps relative to the monotonic clock
(CLOCK_MONOTONIC), or when the local system timezone is modified. These options can be
used alone or in combination with other timer expressions (see above) within the same
timer unit. These options default to false.
Added in version 242.
Unit=
The unit to activate when this timer elapses. The argument is a unit name, whose
suffix is not ".timer". If not specified, this value defaults to a service that has
the same name as the timer unit, except for the suffix. (See above.) It is recommended
that the unit name that is activated and the unit name of the timer unit are named
identically, except for the suffix.
Persistent=
Takes a boolean argument. If true, the time when the service unit was last triggered
is stored on disk. When the timer is activated, the service unit is triggered
immediately if it would have been triggered at least once during the time when the
timer was inactive. Such triggering is nonetheless subject to the delay imposed by
RandomizedDelaySec=. This is useful to catch up on missed runs of the service when the
system was powered down. Note that this setting only has an effect on timers
configured with OnCalendar=. Defaults to false.
Use systemctl clean --what=state ... on the timer unit to remove the timestamp file
maintained by this option from disk. In particular, use this command before
uninstalling a timer unit. See systemctl(1) for details.
Added in version 212.
WakeSystem=
Takes a boolean argument. If true, an elapsing timer will cause the system to resume
from suspend, should it be suspended and if the system supports this. Note that this
option will only make sure the system resumes on the appropriate times, it will not
take care of suspending it again after any work that is to be done is finished.
Defaults to false.
Note that this functionality requires privileges and is thus generally only available
in the system service manager.
Note that behaviour of monotonic clock timers (as configured with OnActiveSec=,
OnBootSec=, OnStartupSec=, OnUnitActiveSec=, OnUnitInactiveSec=, see above) is altered
depending on this option. If false, a monotonic clock is used that is paused during
system suspend (CLOCK_MONOTONIC), if true a different monotonic clock is used that
continues advancing during system suspend (CLOCK_BOOTTIME), see clock_getres(2) for
details.
Added in version 212.
RemainAfterElapse=
Takes a boolean argument. If true, a timer will stay loaded, and its state remains
queryable even after it elapsed and the associated unit (as configured with Unit=, see
above) deactivated again. If false, an elapsed timer unit that cannot elapse anymore
is unloaded once its associated unit deactivated again. Turning this off is
particularly useful for transient timer units. Note that this setting has an effect
when repeatedly starting a timer unit: if RemainAfterElapse= is on, starting the timer
a second time has no effect. However, if RemainAfterElapse= is off and the timer unit
was already unloaded, it can be started again, and thus the service can be triggered
multiple times. Defaults to true.
Added in version 229.
Check systemd.unit(5), systemd.exec(5), and systemd.kill(5) for more settings.
SEE ALSO
Environment variables with details on the trigger will be set for triggered units. See the
"Environment Variables Set or Propagated by the Service Manager" section in
systemd.exec(5) for more details.
systemd(1), systemctl(1), systemd.unit(5), systemd.service(5), systemd.time(7),
systemd.directives(7), systemd-system.conf(5), prctl(2)