NAME

       cryptsetup-luksAddKey - add a new passphrase

SYNOPSIS

       cryptsetup luksAddKey [<options>] <device> [<key file with new key>]

DESCRIPTION

       Adds a keyslot protected by a new passphrase. An existing passphrase must be supplied
       interactively, via --key-file or LUKS2 token (plugin). Alternatively to existing
       passphrase user may pass directly volume key (via --volume-key-file or
       --volume-key-keyring). The new passphrase to be added can be specified interactively, read
       from the file given as the positional argument (also via --new-keyfile parameter) or via
       LUKS2 token.

       NOTE: with --unbound option the action creates new unbound LUKS2 keyslot. The keyslot
       cannot be used for device activation. If you don’t pass new key via --volume-key-file
       option, new random key is generated. Existing passphrase for any active keyslot is not
       required.

       NOTE: some parameters are effective only if used with LUKS2 format that supports
       per-keyslot parameters. For LUKS1, PBKDF type and hash algorithm is always the same for
       all keyslots.

       <options> can be [--key-file, --keyfile-offset, --keyfile-size, --new-keyfile,
       --new-keyfile-offset, --new-keyfile-size, --key-slot, --new-key-slot, --volume-key-file,
       --volume-key-keyring, --force-password, --hash, --header, --disable-locks, --iter-time,
       --pbkdf, --pbkdf-force-iterations, --pbkdf-memory, --pbkdf-parallel, --unbound, --type,
       --keyslot-cipher, --keyslot-key-size, --key-size, --timeout, --token-id, --token-type,
       --token-only, --new-token-id, --verify-passphrase, --external-tokens-path].

OPTIONS

       --type <device-type>
           Specifies required device type, for more info read BASIC ACTIONS section in
           cryptsetup(8).

       --hash, -h <hash-spec>
           The specified hash is used for PBKDF2 and AF splitter.

       --verify-passphrase, -y
           When interactively asking for a passphrase, ask for it twice and complain if both
           inputs do not match. Ignored on input from file or stdin.

       --key-file, -d name
           Read the passphrase from file.

           If the name given is "-", then the passphrase will be read from stdin. In this case,
           reading will not stop at newline characters.

           The passphrase supplied via --key-file is always the passphrase for existing keyslot
           requested by the command.

           If you want to set a new passphrase via key file, you have to use a positional
           argument or parameter --new-keyfile.

           See section NOTES ON PASSPHRASE PROCESSING in cryptsetup(8) for more information.

       --keyfile-offset value
           Skip value bytes at the beginning of the key file.

       --keyfile-size, -l value
           Read a maximum of value bytes from the key file. The default is to read the whole file
           up to the compiled-in maximum that can be queried with --help. Supplying more data
           than the compiled-in maximum aborts the operation.

           This option is useful to cut trailing newlines, for example. If --keyfile-offset is
           also given, the size count starts after the offset.

       --new-keyfile name
           Read the passphrase for a new keyslot from file.

           If the name given is "-", then the passphrase will be read from stdin. In this case,
           reading will not stop at newline characters.

           This is alternative method to positional argument when adding new passphrase via
           kefile.

       --new-keyfile-offset value
           Skip value bytes at the start when adding a new passphrase from key file.

       --new-keyfile-size value
           Read a maximum of value bytes when adding a new passphrase from key file. The default
           is to read the whole file up to the compiled-in maximum length that can be queried
           with --help. Supplying more than the compiled in maximum aborts the operation. When
           --new-keyfile-offset is also given, reading starts after the offset.

       --volume-key-file, --master-key-file (OBSOLETE alias)
           Use a volume key stored in a file. This allows adding a new keyslot without having to
           know passphrase to existing one. It may be also used when no keyslot is active.

           WARNING: If you create your own volume key, you need to make sure to do it right.
           Otherwise, you can end up with a low-entropy or otherwise partially predictable volume
           key which will compromise security.

       --volume-key-keyring <key description>
           Use a volume key stored in a keyring. This allows one to open luks and device types
           without giving a passphrase. The key and associated type has to be readable from
           userspace so that volume key digest may be verified in before activation.

           The <key description> uses keyctl-compatible syntax. This can either be a numeric key
           ID or a string name in the format %<key type>:<key name>. See also KEY IDENTIFIERS
           section of keyctl(1). When no %<key type>: prefix is specified we assume the key type
           is user (default type).

       --key-slot, -S <0-N>
           When used together with parameter --new-key-slot this option allows you to specify
           which key slot is selected for unlocking volume key.

           NOTE: This option is ignored if existing volume key gets unlocked via LUKS2 token
           (--token-id, --token-type or --token-only parameters) or when volume key is provided
           directly via --volume-key-file parameter.

           NOTE: To maintain backward compatibility, without --new-key-slot parameter, this
           option allows you to specify which key slot is selected for the new key.

           The maximum number of key slots depends on the LUKS version. LUKS1 can have up to 8
           key slots. LUKS2 can have up to 32 key slots based on key slot area size and key size,
           but a valid key slot ID can always be between 0 and 31 for LUKS2.

       --new-key-slot <0-N>
           This option allows you to specify which key slot is selected for the new key.

           NOTE: When used this option affects --key-slot option.

           The maximum number of key slots depends on the LUKS version. LUKS1 can have up to 8
           key slots. LUKS2 can have up to 32 key slots based on key slot area size and key size,
           but a valid key slot ID can always be between 0 and 31 for LUKS2.

       --key-size, -s bits
           Provide volume key size in bits. The argument has to be a multiple of 8.

           This option is required when parameter --volume-key-file is used to provide current
           volume key. Also, it is used when new unbound keyslot is created by specifying
           --unbound parameter.

       --pbkdf <PBKDF spec>
           Set Password-Based Key Derivation Function (PBKDF) algorithm for LUKS keyslot. The
           PBKDF can be: pbkdf2 (for PBKDF2 according to RFC2898), argon2i for Argon2i or
           argon2id for Argon2id (see Argon2 <https://www.cryptolux.org/index.php/Argon2> for
           more info).

           For LUKS1, only PBKDF2 is accepted (no need to use this option). The default PBKDF for
           LUKS2 is set during compilation time and is available in cryptsetup --help output.

           A PBKDF is used for increasing dictionary and brute-force attack cost for keyslot
           passwords. The parameters can be time, memory and parallel cost.

           For PBKDF2, only time cost (number of iterations) applies. For Argon2i/id, there is
           also memory cost (memory required during the process of key derivation) and parallel
           cost (number of threads that run in parallel during the key derivation.

           Note that increasing memory cost also increases time, so the final parameter values
           are measured by a benchmark. The benchmark tries to find iteration time (--iter-time)
           with required memory cost --pbkdf-memory. If it is not possible, the memory cost is
           decreased as well. The parallel cost --pbkdf-parallel is constant and is checked
           against available CPU cores.

           You can see all PBKDF parameters for particular LUKS2 keyslot with
           cryptsetup-luksDump(8) command.

           NOTE: If you do not want to use benchmark and want to specify all parameters directly,
           use --pbkdf-force-iterations with --pbkdf-memory and --pbkdf-parallel. This will
           override the values without benchmarking. Note it can cause extremely long unlocking
           time or cause out-of-memory conditions with unconditional process termination. Use
           only in specific cases, for example, if you know that the formatted device will be
           used on some small embedded system.

           MINIMAL AND MAXIMAL PBKDF COSTS: For PBKDF2, the minimum iteration count is 1000 and
           maximum is 4294967295 (maximum for 32bit unsigned integer). Memory and parallel costs
           are unused for PBKDF2. For Argon2i and Argon2id, minimum iteration count (CPU cost) is
           4 and maximum is 4294967295 (maximum for 32bit unsigned integer). Minimum memory cost
           is 32 KiB and maximum is 4 GiB. (Limited by addressable memory on some CPU platforms.)
           If the memory cost parameter is benchmarked (not specified by a parameter) it is
           always in range from 64 MiB to 1 GiB. The parallel cost minimum is 1 and maximum 4 (if
           enough CPUs cores are available, otherwise it is decreased).

       --iter-time, -i <number of milliseconds>
           The number of milliseconds to spend with PBKDF passphrase processing. Specifying 0 as
           parameter selects the compiled-in default.

       --pbkdf-memory <number>
           Set the memory cost for PBKDF (for Argon2i/id the number represents kilobytes). Note
           that it is maximal value, PBKDF benchmark or available physical memory can decrease
           it. This option is not available for PBKDF2.

       --pbkdf-parallel <number>
           Set the parallel cost for PBKDF (number of threads, up to 4). Note that it is maximal
           value, it is decreased automatically if CPU online count is lower. This option is not
           available for PBKDF2.

       --pbkdf-force-iterations <num>
           Avoid PBKDF benchmark and set time cost (iterations) directly. It can be used for
           LUKS/LUKS2 device only. See --pbkdf option for more info.

       --timeout, -t <number of seconds>
           The number of seconds to wait before timeout on passphrase input via terminal. It is
           relevant every time a passphrase is asked. It has no effect if used in conjunction
           with --key-file.

           This option is useful when the system should not stall if the user does not input a
           passphrase, e.g. during boot. The default is a value of 0 seconds, which means to wait
           forever.

       --header <device or file storing the LUKS header>
           Use a detached (separated) metadata device or file where the LUKS header is stored.
           This option allows one to store ciphertext and LUKS header on different devices.

           For commands that change the LUKS header (e.g. luksAddKey), specify the device or file
           with the LUKS header directly as the LUKS device.

       --force-password
           Do not use password quality checking for new LUKS passwords.

           This option is ignored if cryptsetup is built without password quality checking
           support.

           For more info about password quality check, see the manual page for pwquality.conf(5)
           and passwdqc.conf(5).

       --disable-locks
           Disable lock protection for metadata on disk. This option is valid only for LUKS2 and
           ignored for other formats.

           WARNING: Do not use this option unless you run cryptsetup in a restricted environment
           where locking is impossible to perform (where /run directory cannot be used).

       --token-id
           Specify what token to use when unlocking existing keyslot to get volume key.

       --new-token-id
           Specify what token to use to get the passphrase for a new keyslot.

       --token-only
           Use only LUKS2 tokens to unlock existing volume key.

           NOTE: To create a new keyslot using passphrase provided by a token use --new-token-id
           parameter.

       --token-type type
           Specify what token type (all type tokens) to use when unlocking existing keyslot to
           get volume key.

       --keyslot-cipher <cipher-spec>
           This option can be used to set specific cipher encryption for the LUKS2 keyslot area.

       --keyslot-key-size <bits>
           This option can be used to set specific key size for the LUKS2 keyslot area.

       --unbound
           Creates new LUKS2 unbound keyslot.

       --external-tokens-path absolute_path
           Override system directory path where cryptsetup searches for external token handlers
           (or token plugins). It must be absolute path (starting with '/' character).

       --batch-mode, -q
           Suppresses all confirmation questions. Use with care!

           If the --verify-passphrase option is not specified, this option also switches off the
           passphrase verification.

       --debug or --debug-json
           Run in debug mode with full diagnostic logs. Debug output lines are always prefixed by
           #.

           If --debug-json is used, additional LUKS2 JSON data structures are printed.

       --version, -V
           Show the program version.

       --usage
           Show short option help.

       --help, -?
           Show help text and default parameters.

EXAMPLES

       NOTE: When not specified otherwise interactive passphrase prompt is always default method.

       Add new keyslot using interactive passphrase prompt for both existing and new passphrase:

       cryptsetup luksAddKey /dev/device

       Add new keyslot using LUKS2 tokens to unlock existing keyslot with interactive passphrase
       prompt for new passphrase:

       cryptsetup luksAddKey --token-only /dev/device

       Add new keyslot using LUKS2 systemd-tpm2 tokens to unlock existing keyslot with
       interactive passphrase prompt for new passphrase (systemd-tpm2 token plugin must be
       available):

       cryptsetup luksAddKey --token-type systemd-tpm2 /dev/device

       Add new keyslot using interactive passphrase prompt for existing keyslot, reading new
       passphrase from key_file:

       cryptsetup luksAddKey --new-keyfile key_file /dev/device or cryptsetup luksAddKey
       /dev/device key_file

       Add new keyslot using volume stored in volume_key_file and LUKS2 token in slot 5 to get
       new keyslot passphrase (token in slot 5 must exist and respective token plugin must be
       available):

       cryptsetup luksAddKey --volume-key-file volume_key_file --new-token-id 5 /dev/device

REPORTING BUGS

       Report bugs at cryptsetup mailing list <cryptsetup@lists.linux.dev> or in Issues project
       section <https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup/-/issues/new>.

       Please attach output of the failed command with --debug option added.

SEE ALSO

       Cryptsetup FAQ <https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup/wikis/FrequentlyAskedQuestions>

       cryptsetup(8), integritysetup(8) and veritysetup(8)

CRYPTSETUP

       Part of cryptsetup project <https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup/>.