NAME

       od - dump files in octal and other formats

SYNOPSIS

       od [OPTION]... [FILE]...
       od [-abcdfilosx]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b]]
       od --traditional [OPTION]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b] [+][LABEL][.][b]]

DESCRIPTION

       Write  an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default, of FILE to standard output.  With more than
       one FILE argument, concatenate them in the listed order to form the input.

       With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

       If first and second call formats both apply, the second format is assumed if the last operand begins with
       +  or (if there are 2 operands) a digit.  An OFFSET operand means -j OFFSET.  LABEL is the pseudo-address
       at first byte printed, incremented when dump is progressing.  For OFFSET and LABEL, a  0x  or  0X  prefix
       indicates hexadecimal; suffixes may be . for octal and b for multiply by 512.

       Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

       -A, --address-radix=RADIX
              output format for file offsets; RADIX is one of [doxn], for Decimal, Octal, Hex or None

       --endian={big|little}
              swap input bytes according the specified order

       -j, --skip-bytes=BYTES
              skip BYTES input bytes first

       -N, --read-bytes=BYTES
              limit dump to BYTES input bytes

       -S BYTES, --strings[=BYTES]
              show only NUL terminated strings of at least BYTES (3) printable characters

       -t, --format=TYPE
              select output format or formats

       -v, --output-duplicates
              do not use * to mark line suppression

       -w[BYTES], --width[=BYTES]
              output BYTES bytes per output line; 32 is implied when BYTES is not specified

       --traditional
              accept arguments in third form above

       --help display this help and exit

       --version
              output version information and exit

   Traditional format specifications may be intermixed; they accumulate:
       -a     same as -t a,  select named characters, ignoring high-order bit

       -b     same as -t o1, select octal bytes

       -c     same as -t c,  select printable characters or backslash escapes

       -d     same as -t u2, select unsigned decimal 2-byte units

       -f     same as -t fF, select floats

       -i     same as -t dI, select decimal ints

       -l     same as -t dL, select decimal longs

       -o     same as -t o2, select octal 2-byte units

       -s     same as -t d2, select decimal 2-byte units

       -x     same as -t x2, select hexadecimal 2-byte units

   TYPE is made up of one or more of these specifications:
       a      named character, ignoring high-order bit

       c      printable character or backslash escape

       d[SIZE]
              signed decimal, SIZE bytes per integer

       f[SIZE]
              floating point, SIZE bytes per float

       o[SIZE]
              octal, SIZE bytes per integer

       u[SIZE]
              unsigned decimal, SIZE bytes per integer

       x[SIZE]
              hexadecimal, SIZE bytes per integer

       SIZE  is  a  number.  For TYPE in [doux], SIZE may also be C for sizeof(char), S for sizeof(short), I for
       sizeof(int) or L for sizeof(long).  If  TYPE  is  f,  SIZE  may  also  be  F  for  sizeof(float),  D  for
       sizeof(double) or L for sizeof(long double).

       Adding a z suffix to any type displays printable characters at the end of each output line.

   BYTES is hex with 0x or 0X prefix, and may have a multiplier suffix:
       b      512

       KB     1000

       K      1024

       MB     1000*1000

       M      1024*1024

       and so on for G, T, P, E, Z, Y, R, Q.  Binary prefixes can be used, too: KiB=K, MiB=M, and so on.

EXAMPLES

       od -A x -t x1z -v
              Display hexdump format output

       od -A o -t oS -w16
              The default output format used by od

AUTHOR

       Written by Jim Meyering.

REPORTING BUGS

       GNU coreutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
       Report any translation bugs to <https://translationproject.org/team/>

COPYRIGHT

       Copyright  ©  2023  Free  Software  Foundation,  Inc.   License  GPLv3+:  GNU  GPL  version  3  or  later
       <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
       This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.  There is NO WARRANTY, to  the  extent
       permitted by law.

SEE ALSO

       Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/od>
       or available locally via: info '(coreutils) od invocation'