Provided by: systemd-resolved_255.4-1ubuntu8.5_amd64 
NAME
resolvectl, resolvconf - Resolve domain names, IPV4 and IPv6 addresses, DNS resource records, and
services; introspect and reconfigure the DNS resolver
SYNOPSIS
resolvectl [OPTIONS...] {COMMAND} [NAME...]
DESCRIPTION
resolvectl may be used to resolve domain names, IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, DNS resource records and
services with the systemd-resolved.service(8) resolver service. By default, the specified list of
parameters will be resolved as hostnames, retrieving their IPv4 and IPv6 addresses. If the parameters
specified are formatted as IPv4 or IPv6 addresses the reverse operation is done, and a hostname is
retrieved for the specified addresses.
The program's output contains information about the protocol used for the look-up and on which network
interface the data was discovered. It also contains information on whether the information could be
authenticated. All data for which local DNSSEC validation succeeds is considered authenticated. Moreover
all data originating from local, trusted sources is also reported authenticated, including resolution of
the local host name, the "localhost" hostname or all data from /etc/hosts.
COMMANDS
query HOSTNAME|ADDRESS...
Resolve domain names, as well as IPv4 and IPv6 addresses. When used in conjunction with --type= or
--class= (see below), resolves low-level DNS resource records.
If a single-label domain name is specified it is searched for according to the configured search
domains — unless --search=no or --type=/--class= are specified, both of which turn this logic off.
If an international domain name is specified, it is automatically translated according to IDNA rules
when resolved via classic DNS — but not for look-ups via MulticastDNS or LLMNR. If --type=/--class=
is used IDNA translation is turned off and domain names are processed as specified.
Added in version 239.
service [[NAME] TYPE] DOMAIN
Resolve RFC 6763 DNS-SD[1] and RFC 2782 SRV[2] services, depending on the specified list of
parameters. If three parameters are passed the first is assumed to be the DNS-SD service name, the
second the SRV service type, and the third the domain to search in. In this case a full DNS-SD style
SRV and TXT lookup is executed. If only two parameters are specified, the first is assumed to be the
SRV service type, and the second the domain to look in. In this case no TXT resource record is
requested. Finally, if only one parameter is specified, it is assumed to be a domain name, that is
already prefixed with an SRV type, and an SRV lookup is done (no TXT).
Added in version 239.
openpgp EMAIL@DOMAIN...
Query PGP keys stored as OPENPGPKEY resource records, see RFC 7929[3]. Specified e-mail addresses are
converted to the corresponding DNS domain name, and any OPENPGPKEY keys are printed.
Added in version 239.
tlsa [FAMILY] DOMAIN[:PORT]...
Query TLS public keys stored as TLSA resource records, see RFC 6698[4]. A query will be performed for
each of the specified names prefixed with the port and family ("_port._family.domain"). The port
number may be specified after a colon (":"), otherwise 443 will be used by default. The family may be
specified as the first argument, otherwise tcp will be used.
Added in version 239.
status [LINK...]
Shows the global and per-link DNS settings currently in effect. If no command is specified, this is
the implied default.
Added in version 239.
statistics
Shows general resolver statistics, including information whether DNSSEC is enabled and available, as
well as resolution and validation statistics.
Added in version 239.
reset-statistics
Resets the statistics counters shown in statistics to zero. This operation requires root privileges.
Added in version 239.
flush-caches
Flushes all DNS resource record caches the service maintains locally. This is mostly equivalent to
sending the SIGUSR2 to the systemd-resolved service.
Added in version 239.
reset-server-features
Flushes all feature level information the resolver learnt about specific servers, and ensures that
the server feature probing logic is started from the beginning with the next look-up request. This is
mostly equivalent to sending the SIGRTMIN+1 to the systemd-resolved service.
Added in version 239.
dns [LINK [SERVER...]], domain [LINK [DOMAIN...]], default-route [LINK [BOOL...]], llmnr [LINK [MODE]],
mdns [LINK [MODE]], dnssec [LINK [MODE]], dnsovertls [LINK [MODE]], nta [LINK [DOMAIN...]]
Get/set per-interface DNS configuration. These commands may be used to configure various DNS settings
for network interfaces. These commands may be used to inform systemd-resolved or systemd-networkd
about per-interface DNS configuration determined through external means. The dns command expects IPv4
or IPv6 address specifications of DNS servers to use. Each address can optionally take a port number
separated with ":", a network interface name or index separated with "%", and a Server Name
Indication (SNI) separated with "#". When IPv6 address is specified with a port number, then the
address must be in the square brackets. That is, the acceptable full formats are
"111.222.333.444:9953%ifname#example.com" for IPv4 and "[1111:2222::3333]:9953%ifname#example.com"
for IPv6. The domain command expects valid DNS domains, possibly prefixed with "~", and configures a
per-interface search or route-only domain. The default-route command expects a boolean parameter, and
configures whether the link may be used as default route for DNS lookups, i.e. if it is suitable for
lookups on domains no other link explicitly is configured for. The llmnr, mdns, dnssec and dnsovertls
commands may be used to configure the per-interface LLMNR, MulticastDNS, DNSSEC and DNSOverTLS
settings. Finally, nta command may be used to configure additional per-interface DNSSEC NTA domains.
Commands dns, domain and nta can take a single empty string argument to clear their respective value
lists.
For details about these settings, their possible values and their effect, see the corresponding
settings in systemd.network(5).
Added in version 239.
revert LINK
Revert the per-interface DNS configuration. If the DNS configuration is reverted all per-interface
DNS setting are reset to their defaults, undoing all effects of dns, domain, default-route, llmnr,
mdns, dnssec, dnsovertls, nta. Note that when a network interface disappears all configuration is
lost automatically, an explicit reverting is not necessary in that case.
Added in version 239.
monitor
Show a continuous stream of local client resolution queries and their responses. Whenever a local
query is completed the query's DNS resource lookup key and resource records are shown. Note that this
displays queries issued locally only, and does not immediately relate to DNS requests submitted to
configured DNS servers or the LLMNR or MulticastDNS zones, as lookups may be answered from the local
cache, or might result in multiple DNS transactions (for example to validate DNSSEC information). If
CNAME/CNAME redirection chains are followed, a separate query will be displayed for each element of
the chain. Use --json= to enable JSON output.
Added in version 252.
show-cache
Show current cache content, per scope. Use --json= to enable JSON output.
Added in version 254.
show-server-state
Show detailed server state information, per DNS Server. Use --json= to enable JSON output.
Added in version 255.
log-level [LEVEL]
If no argument is given, print the current log level of the manager. If an optional argument LEVEL is
provided, then the command changes the current log level of the manager to LEVEL (accepts the same
values as --log-level= described in systemd(1)).
Added in version 244.
OPTIONS
-4, -6
By default, when resolving a hostname, both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses are acquired. By specifying -4
only IPv4 addresses are requested, by specifying -6 only IPv6 addresses are requested.
Added in version 239.
-i INTERFACE, --interface=INTERFACE
Specifies the network interface to execute the query on. This may either be specified as numeric
interface index or as network interface string (e.g. "en0"). Note that this option has no effect if
system-wide DNS configuration (as configured in /etc/resolv.conf or /etc/systemd/resolved.conf) in
place of per-link configuration is used.
Added in version 239.
-p PROTOCOL, --protocol=PROTOCOL
Specifies the network protocol for the query. May be one of "dns" (i.e. classic unicast DNS), "llmnr"
(Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution[5]), "llmnr-ipv4", "llmnr-ipv6" (LLMNR via the indicated
underlying IP protocols), "mdns" (Multicast DNS[6]), "mdns-ipv4", "mdns-ipv6" (MDNS via the indicated
underlying IP protocols). By default the lookup is done via all protocols suitable for the lookup. If
used, limits the set of protocols that may be used. Use this option multiple times to enable
resolving via multiple protocols at the same time. The setting "llmnr" is identical to specifying
this switch once with "llmnr-ipv4" and once via "llmnr-ipv6". Note that this option does not force
the service to resolve the operation with the specified protocol, as that might require a suitable
network interface and configuration. The special value "help" may be used to list known values.
Added in version 239.
-t TYPE, --type=TYPE, -c CLASS, --class=CLASS
When used in conjunction with the query command, specifies the DNS resource record type (e.g. A,
AAAA, MX, ...) and class (e.g. IN, ANY, ...) to look up. If these options are used a DNS resource
record set matching the specified class and type is requested. The class defaults to IN if only a
type is specified. The special value "help" may be used to list known values.
Without these options resolvectl query provides high-level domain name to address and address to
domain name resolution. With these options it provides low-level DNS resource record resolution. The
search domain logic is automatically turned off when these options are used, i.e. specified domain
names need to be fully qualified domain names. Moreover, IDNA internal domain name translation is
turned off as well, i.e. international domain names should be specified in "xn--..." notation,
unless look-up in MulticastDNS/LLMNR is desired, in which case UTF-8 characters should be used.
Added in version 239.
--service-address=BOOL
Takes a boolean parameter. If true (the default), when doing a service lookup with --service the
hostnames contained in the SRV resource records are resolved as well.
Added in version 239.
--service-txt=BOOL
Takes a boolean parameter. If true (the default), when doing a DNS-SD service lookup with --service
the TXT service metadata record is resolved as well.
Added in version 239.
--cname=BOOL
Takes a boolean parameter. If true (the default), DNS CNAME or DNAME redirections are followed.
Otherwise, if a CNAME or DNAME record is encountered while resolving, an error is returned.
Added in version 239.
--validate=BOOL
Takes a boolean parameter; used in conjunction with query. If true (the default), DNSSEC validation
is applied as usual — under the condition that it is enabled for the network and for
systemd-resolved.service as a whole. If false, DNSSEC validation is disabled for the specific query,
regardless of whether it is enabled for the network or in the service. Note that setting this option
to true does not force DNSSEC validation on systems/networks where DNSSEC is turned off. This option
is only suitable to turn off such validation where otherwise enabled, not enable validation where
otherwise disabled.
Added in version 248.
--synthesize=BOOL
Takes a boolean parameter; used in conjunction with query. If true (the default), select domains are
resolved on the local system, among them "localhost", "_gateway", "_outbound", "_localdnsstub" and
"_localdnsproxy" or entries from /etc/hosts. If false these domains are not resolved locally, and
either fail (in case of "localhost", "_gateway" or "_outbound" and suchlike) or go to the network via
regular DNS/mDNS/LLMNR lookups (in case of /etc/hosts entries).
Added in version 248.
--cache=BOOL
Takes a boolean parameter; used in conjunction with query. If true (the default), lookups use the
local DNS resource record cache. If false, lookups are routed to the network instead, regardless if
already available in the local cache.
Added in version 248.
--zone=BOOL
Takes a boolean parameter; used in conjunction with query. If true (the default), lookups are
answered from locally registered LLMNR or mDNS resource records, if defined. If false, locally
registered LLMNR/mDNS records are not considered for the lookup request.
Added in version 248.
--trust-anchor=BOOL
Takes a boolean parameter; used in conjunction with query. If true (the default), lookups for DS and
DNSKEY are answered from the local DNSSEC trust anchors if possible. If false, the local trust store
is not considered for the lookup request.
Added in version 248.
--network=BOOL
Takes a boolean parameter; used in conjunction with query. If true (the default), lookups are
answered via DNS, LLMNR or mDNS network requests if they cannot be synthesized locally, or be
answered from the local cache, zone or trust anchors (see above). If false, the request is not
answered from the network and will thus fail if none of the indicated sources can answer them.
Added in version 248.
--search=BOOL
Takes a boolean parameter. If true (the default), any specified single-label hostnames will be
searched in the domains configured in the search domain list, if it is non-empty. Otherwise, the
search domain logic is disabled. Note that this option has no effect if --type= is used (see above),
in which case the search domain logic is unconditionally turned off.
Added in version 239.
--raw[=payload|packet]
Dump the answer as binary data. If there is no argument or if the argument is "payload", the payload
of the packet is exported. If the argument is "packet", the whole packet is dumped in wire format,
prefixed by length specified as a little-endian 64-bit number. This format allows multiple packets to
be dumped and unambiguously parsed.
Added in version 239.
--legend=BOOL
Takes a boolean parameter. If true (the default), column headers and meta information about the query
response are shown. Otherwise, this output is suppressed.
Added in version 239.
--stale-data=BOOL
Takes a boolean parameter; used in conjunction with query. If true (the default), lookups are
answered with stale data (expired resource records) if possible. If false, the stale data is not
considered for the lookup request.
Added in version 254.
--json=MODE
Shows output formatted as JSON. Expects one of "short" (for the shortest possible output without any
redundant whitespace or line breaks), "pretty" (for a pretty version of the same, with indentation
and line breaks) or "off" (to turn off JSON output, the default).
-j
Short for --json=auto
Added in version 252.
--no-pager
Do not pipe output into a pager.
-h, --help
Print a short help text and exit.
--version
Print a short version string and exit.
COMPATIBILITY WITH RESOLVCONF(8)
resolvectl is a multi-call binary. When invoked as "resolvconf" (generally achieved by means of a
symbolic link of this name to the resolvectl binary) it is run in a limited resolvconf(8) compatibility
mode. It accepts mostly the same arguments and pushes all data into systemd-resolved.service(8), similar
to how dns and domain commands operate. Note that systemd-resolved.service is the only supported backend,
which is different from other implementations of this command.
/etc/resolv.conf will only be updated with servers added with this command when /etc/resolv.conf is a
symlink to /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf, and not a static file. See the discussion of
/etc/resolv.conf handling in systemd-resolved.service(8).
Not all operations supported by other implementations are supported natively. Specifically:
-a
Registers per-interface DNS configuration data with systemd-resolved. Expects a network interface
name as only command line argument. Reads resolv.conf(5)-compatible DNS configuration data from its
standard input. Relevant fields are "nameserver" and "domain"/"search". This command is mostly
identical to invoking resolvectl with a combination of dns and domain commands.
Added in version 239.
-d
Unregisters per-interface DNS configuration data with systemd-resolved. This command is mostly
identical to invoking resolvectl revert.
Added in version 239.
-f
When specified -a and -d will not complain about missing network interfaces and will silently execute
no operation in that case.
Added in version 239.
-x
This switch for "exclusive" operation is supported only partially. It is mapped to an additional
configured search domain of "~." — i.e. ensures that DNS traffic is preferably routed to the DNS
servers on this interface, unless there are other, more specific domains configured on other
interfaces.
Added in version 239.
-m, -p
These switches are not supported and are silently ignored.
Added in version 239.
-u, -I, -i, -l, -R, -r, -v, -V, --enable-updates, --disable-updates, --are-updates-enabled
These switches are not supported and the command will fail if used.
Added in version 239.
See resolvconf(8) for details on those command line options.
EXAMPLES
Example 1. Retrieve the addresses of the "www.0pointer.net" domain (A and AAAA resource records)
$ resolvectl query www.0pointer.net
www.0pointer.net: 2a01:238:43ed:c300:10c3:bcf3:3266:da74
85.214.157.71
-- Information acquired via protocol DNS in 611.6ms.
-- Data is authenticated: no
Example 2. Retrieve the domain of the "85.214.157.71" IP address (PTR resource record)
$ resolvectl query 85.214.157.71
85.214.157.71: gardel.0pointer.net
-- Information acquired via protocol DNS in 1.2997s.
-- Data is authenticated: no
Example 3. Retrieve the MX record of the "yahoo.com" domain
$ resolvectl --legend=no -t MX query yahoo.com
yahoo.com. IN MX 1 mta7.am0.yahoodns.net
yahoo.com. IN MX 1 mta6.am0.yahoodns.net
yahoo.com. IN MX 1 mta5.am0.yahoodns.net
Example 4. Resolve an SRV service
$ resolvectl service _xmpp-server._tcp gmail.com
_xmpp-server._tcp/gmail.com: alt1.xmpp-server.l.google.com:5269 [priority=20, weight=0]
173.194.210.125
alt4.xmpp-server.l.google.com:5269 [priority=20, weight=0]
173.194.65.125
...
Example 5. Retrieve a PGP key (OPENPGP resource record)
$ resolvectl openpgp zbyszek@fedoraproject.org
d08ee310438ca124a6149ea5cc21b6313b390dce485576eff96f8722._openpgpkey.fedoraproject.org. IN OPENPGPKEY
mQINBFBHPMsBEACeInGYJCb+7TurKfb6wGyTottCDtiSJB310i37/6ZYoeIay/5soJjlMyf
MFQ9T2XNT/0LM6gTa0MpC1st9LnzYTMsT6tzRly1D1UbVI6xw0g0vE5y2Cjk3xUwAynCsSs
...
Example 6. Retrieve a TLS key (TLSA resource record)
$ resolvectl tlsa tcp fedoraproject.org:443
_443._tcp.fedoraproject.org IN TLSA 0 0 1 19400be5b7a31fb733917700789d2f0a2471c0c9d506c0e504c06c16d7cb17c0
-- Cert. usage: CA constraint
-- Selector: Full Certificate
-- Matching type: SHA-256
"tcp" and ":443" are optional and could be skipped.
SEE ALSO
systemd(1), systemd-resolved.service(8), systemd.dnssd(5), systemd-networkd.service(8), resolvconf(8)
NOTES
1. RFC 6763 DNS-SD
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6763
2. RFC 2782 SRV
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2782
3. RFC 7929
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7929
4. RFC 6698
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6698
5. Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4795
6. Multicast DNS
https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc6762.txt