NAME

       Cwd - get pathname of current working directory

SYNOPSIS

           use Cwd;
           my $dir = getcwd;

           use Cwd 'abs_path';
           my $abs_path = abs_path($file);

DESCRIPTION

       This module provides functions for determining the pathname of the current working
       directory.  It is recommended that getcwd (or another *cwd() function) be used in all code
       to ensure portability.

       By default, it exports the functions cwd(), getcwd(), fastcwd(), and fastgetcwd() (and, on
       Win32, getdcwd()) into the caller's namespace.

   getcwd and friends
       Each of these functions are called without arguments and return the absolute path of the
       current working directory.

       getcwd
               my $cwd = getcwd();

           Returns the current working directory.  On error returns "undef", with $! set to
           indicate the error.

           Exposes the POSIX function getcwd(3) or re-implements it if it's not available.

       cwd
               my $cwd = cwd();

           The cwd() is the most natural form for the current architecture.  For most systems it
           is identical to `pwd` (but without the trailing line terminator).

       fastcwd
               my $cwd = fastcwd();

           A more dangerous version of getcwd(), but potentially faster.

           It might conceivably chdir() you out of a directory that it can't chdir() you back
           into.  If fastcwd encounters a problem it will return undef but will probably leave
           you in a different directory.  For a measure of extra security, if everything appears
           to have worked, the fastcwd() function will check that it leaves you in the same
           directory that it started in.  If it has changed it will "die" with the message
           "Unstable directory path, current directory changed unexpectedly".  That should never
           happen.

       fastgetcwd
             my $cwd = fastgetcwd();

           The fastgetcwd() function is provided as a synonym for cwd().

       getdcwd
               my $cwd = getdcwd();
               my $cwd = getdcwd('C:');

           The getdcwd() function is also provided on Win32 to get the current working directory
           on the specified drive, since Windows maintains a separate current working directory
           for each drive.  If no drive is specified then the current drive is assumed.

           This function simply calls the Microsoft C library _getdcwd() function.

   abs_path and friends
       These functions are exported only on request.  They each take a single argument and return
       the absolute pathname for it.  If no argument is given they'll use the current working
       directory.

       abs_path
             my $abs_path = abs_path($file);

           Uses the same algorithm as getcwd().  Symbolic links and relative-path components ("."
           and "..") are resolved to return the canonical pathname, just like realpath(3).  On
           error returns "undef", with $!  set to indicate the error.

       realpath
             my $abs_path = realpath($file);

           A synonym for abs_path().

       fast_abs_path
             my $abs_path = fast_abs_path($file);

           A more dangerous, but potentially faster version of abs_path.

   $ENV{PWD}
       If you ask to override your chdir() built-in function,

         use Cwd qw(chdir);

       then your PWD environment variable will be kept up to date.  Note that it will only be
       kept up to date if all packages which use chdir import it from Cwd.

NOTES

       •   Since the path separators are different on some operating systems ('/' on Unix, ':' on
           MacPerl, etc...) we recommend you use the File::Spec modules wherever portability is a
           concern.

       •   Actually, on Mac OS, the getcwd(), fastgetcwd() and fastcwd() functions are all
           aliases for the cwd() function, which, on Mac OS, calls `pwd`.  Likewise, the
           abs_path() function is an alias for fast_abs_path().

AUTHOR

       Maintained by perl5-porters <perl5-porters@perl.org>.

COPYRIGHT

       Copyright (c) 2004 by the Perl 5 Porters.  All rights reserved.

       This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same
       terms as Perl itself.

       Portions of the C code in this library are copyright (c) 1994 by the Regents of the
       University of California.  All rights reserved.  The license on this code is compatible
       with the licensing of the rest of the distribution - please see the source code in Cwd.xs
       for the details.

SEE ALSO

       File::chdir