NAME

       avr_stdlib - <stdlib.h>: General utilities

SYNOPSIS

   Non-standard (i.e. non-ISO C) functions.
       char * ltoa (long val, char *s, int radix)
       char * utoa (unsigned int val, char *s, int radix)
       char * ultoa (unsigned long val, char *s, int radix)
       long random (void)
       void srandom (unsigned long __seed)
       long random_r (unsigned long *__ctx)
       char * itoa (int val, char *s, int radix)
       #define RANDOM_MAX   0x7FFFFFFF

   Conversion functions for double arguments.
       Note that these functions are not located in the default library, libc.a, but in the mathematical
       library, libm.a. So when linking the application, the -lm option needs to be specified.
       char * dtostre (double __val, char *__s, unsigned char __prec, unsigned char __flags)
       char * dtostrf (double __val, signed char __width, unsigned char __prec, char *__s)
       #define DTOSTR_ALWAYS_SIGN   0x01        /* put '+' or ' ' for positives */
       #define DTOSTR_PLUS_SIGN   0x02        /* put '+' rather than ' ' */
       #define DTOSTR_UPPERCASE   0x04        /* put 'E' rather 'e' */
       #define EXIT_SUCCESS   0
       #define EXIT_FAILURE   1

Detailed Description

       #include <stdlib.h>

       This file declares some basic C macros and functions as defined by the ISO standard, plus some AVR-
       specific extensions.

Macro Definition Documentation

   #define DTOSTR_ALWAYS_SIGN   0x01        /* put '+' or ' ' for positives */
       Bit value that can be passed in flags to dtostre().

   #define DTOSTR_PLUS_SIGN   0x02        /* put '+' rather than ' ' */
       Bit value that can be passed in flags to dtostre().

   #define DTOSTR_UPPERCASE   0x04        /* put 'E' rather 'e' */
       Bit value that can be passed in flags to dtostre().

   #define EXIT_FAILURE   1
       Unsuccessful termination for exit(); evaluates to a non-zero value.

   #define EXIT_SUCCESS   0
       Successful termination for exit(); evaluates to 0.

   #define RANDOM_MAX   0x7FFFFFFF
       Highest number that can be generated by random().

Function Documentation

   char * dtostre (double __val, char * __s, unsigned char __prec, unsigned char __flags) [extern]
       The dtostre() function converts the double value passed in val into an ASCII representation that will be
       stored under s. The caller is responsible for providing sufficient storage in s.

       Conversion is done in the format '[-]d.ddde±dd' where there is one digit before the decimal-point
       character and the number of digits after it is equal to the precision prec; if the precision is zero, no
       decimal-point character appears. If flags has the DTOSTR_UPPERCASE bit set, the letter 'E' (rather than
       'e' ) will be used to introduce the exponent. The exponent always contains two digits; if the value is
       zero, the exponent is '00'.

       If flags has the DTOSTR_ALWAYS_SIGN bit set, a space character will be placed into the leading position
       for positive numbers.

       If flags has the DTOSTR_PLUS_SIGN bit set, a plus sign will be used instead of a space character in this
       case.

       The dtostre() function returns the pointer to the converted string s.

   char * dtostrf (double __val, signed char __width, unsigned char __prec, char * __s) [extern]
       The dtostrf() function converts the double value passed in val into an ASCII representationthat will be
       stored under s. The caller is responsible for providing sufficient storage in s.

       Conversion is done in the format '[-]d.ddd'. The minimum field width of the output string (including the
       possible '.' and the possible sign for negative values) is given in width, and prec determines the number
       of digits after the decimal sign. width is signed value, negative for left adjustment.

       The dtostrf() function returns the pointer to the converted string s.

   char * itoa (int val, char * s, int radix) [extern]
       Convert an integer to a string. The function itoa() converts the integer value from val into an ASCII
       representation that will be stored under s. The caller is responsible for providing sufficient storage in
       s.

       Note
           The minimal size of the buffer s depends on the choice of radix. For example, if the radix is 2
           (binary), you need to supply a buffer with a minimal length of 8 * sizeof (int) + 1 characters, i.e.
           one character for each bit plus one for the string terminator. Using a larger radix will require a
           smaller minimal buffer size.

       Warning
           If the buffer is too small, you risk a buffer overflow.

       Conversion is done using the radix as base, which may be a number between 2 (binary conversion) and up to
       36. If radix is greater than 10, the next digit after '9' will be the letter 'a'.

       If radix is 10 and val is negative, a minus sign will be prepended.

       The itoa() function returns the pointer passed as s.

   char * ltoa (long val, char * s, int radix) [extern]
       Convert a long integer to a string. The function ltoa() converts the long integer value from val into an
       ASCII representation that will be stored under s. The caller is responsible for providing sufficient
       storage in s.

       Note
           The minimal size of the buffer s depends on the choice of radix. For example, if the radix is 2
           (binary), you need to supply a buffer with a minimal length of 8 * sizeof (long int) + 1 characters,
           i.e. one character for each bit plus one for the string terminator. Using a larger radix will require
           a smaller minimal buffer size.

       Warning
           If the buffer is too small, you risk a buffer overflow.

       Conversion is done using the radix as base, which may be a number between 2 (binary conversion) and up to
       36. If radix is greater than 10, the next digit after '9' will be the letter 'a'.

       If radix is 10 and val is negative, a minus sign will be prepended.

       The ltoa() function returns the pointer passed as s.

   long random (void) [extern]
       The random() function computes a sequence of pseudo-random integers in the range of 0 to RANDOM_MAX (as
       defined by the header file <stdlib.h>).

       The srandom() function sets its argument seed as the seed for a new sequence of pseudo-random numbers to
       be returned by rand(). These sequences are repeatable by calling srandom() with the same seed value.

       If no seed value is provided, the functions are automatically seeded with a value of 1.

   long random_r (unsigned long * __ctx) [extern]
       Variant of random() that stores the context in the user-supplied variable located at ctx instead of a
       static library variable so the function becomes re-entrant.

   void srandom (unsigned long __seed) [extern]
       Pseudo-random number generator seeding; see random().

   char * ultoa (unsigned long val, char * s, int radix) [extern]
       Convert an unsigned long integer to a string. The function ultoa() converts the unsigned long integer
       value from val into an ASCII representation that will be stored under s. The caller is responsible for
       providing sufficient storage in s.

       Note
           The minimal size of the buffer s depends on the choice of radix. For example, if the radix is 2
           (binary), you need to supply a buffer with a minimal length of 8 * sizeof (unsigned long int) + 1
           characters, i.e. one character for each bit plus one for the string terminator. Using a larger radix
           will require a smaller minimal buffer size.

       Warning
           If the buffer is too small, you risk a buffer overflow.

       Conversion is done using the radix as base, which may be a number between 2 (binary conversion) and up to
       36. If radix is greater than 10, the next digit after '9' will be the letter 'a'.

       The ultoa() function returns the pointer passed as s.

   char * utoa (unsigned int val, char * s, int radix) [extern]
       Convert an unsigned integer to a string. The function utoa() converts the unsigned integer value from val
       into an ASCII representation that will be stored under s. The caller is responsible for providing
       sufficient storage in s.

       Note
           The minimal size of the buffer s depends on the choice of radix. For example, if the radix is 2
           (binary), you need to supply a buffer with a minimal length of 8 * sizeof (unsigned int) + 1
           characters, i.e. one character for each bit plus one for the string terminator. Using a larger radix
           will require a smaller minimal buffer size.

       Warning
           If the buffer is too small, you risk a buffer overflow.

       Conversion is done using the radix as base, which may be a number between 2 (binary conversion) and up to
       36. If radix is greater than 10, the next digit after '9' will be the letter 'a'.

       The utoa() function returns the pointer passed as s.

Author

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