Provided by: libfuntools-dev_1.4.8-1.1build2_amd64 
NAME
RegAlgebra - Boolean Algebra on Spatial Regions
SYNOPSIS
This document describes the boolean arithmetic defined for region expressions.
DESCRIPTION
When defining a region, several shapes can be combined using boolean operations. The boolean operators
are (in order of precedence):
Symbol Operator Associativity
------ -------- -------------
! not right to left
& and left to right
^ exclusive or left to right
⎪ inclusive or left to right
For example, to create a mask consisting of a large circle with a smaller box removed, one can
use the and and not operators:
CIRCLE(11,11,15) & !BOX(11,11,3,6)
and the resulting mask is:
1234567890123456789012345678901234567890
----------------------------------------
1:1111111111111111111111..................
2:1111111111111111111111..................
3:11111111111111111111111.................
4:111111111111111111111111................
5:111111111111111111111111................
6:1111111111111111111111111...............
7:1111111111111111111111111...............
8:1111111111111111111111111...............
9:111111111...1111111111111...............
10:111111111...1111111111111...............
11:111111111...1111111111111...............
12:111111111...1111111111111...............
13:111111111...1111111111111...............
14:111111111...1111111111111...............
15:1111111111111111111111111...............
16:1111111111111111111111111...............
17:111111111111111111111111................
18:111111111111111111111111................
19:11111111111111111111111.................
20:1111111111111111111111..................
21:1111111111111111111111..................
22:111111111111111111111...................
23:..11111111111111111.....................
24:...111111111111111......................
25:.....11111111111........................
26:........................................
27:........................................
28:........................................
29:........................................
30:........................................
31:........................................
32:........................................
33:........................................
34:........................................
35:........................................
36:........................................
37:........................................
38:........................................
39:........................................
40:........................................
A three-quarter circle can be defined as:
CIRCLE(20,20,10) & !PIE(20,20,270,360)
and looks as follows:
1234567890123456789012345678901234567890
----------------------------------------
1:........................................
2:........................................
3:........................................
4:........................................
5:........................................
6:........................................
7:........................................
8:........................................
9:........................................
10:........................................
11:...............111111111................
12:..............11111111111...............
13:............111111111111111.............
14:............111111111111111.............
15:...........11111111111111111............
16:..........1111111111111111111...........
17:..........1111111111111111111...........
18:..........1111111111111111111...........
19:..........1111111111111111111...........
20:..........1111111111111111111...........
21:..........1111111111....................
22:..........1111111111....................
23:..........1111111111....................
24:..........1111111111....................
25:...........111111111....................
26:............11111111....................
27:............11111111....................
28:..............111111....................
29:...............11111....................
30:........................................
31:........................................
32:........................................
33:........................................
34:........................................
35:........................................
36:........................................
37:........................................
38:........................................
39:........................................
40:........................................
Two non-intersecting ellipses can be made into the same region:
ELL(20,20,10,20,90) ⎪ ELL(1,1,20,10,0)
and looks as follows:
1234567890123456789012345678901234567890
----------------------------------------
1:11111111111111111111....................
2:11111111111111111111....................
3:11111111111111111111....................
4:11111111111111111111....................
5:1111111111111111111.....................
6:111111111111111111......................
7:1111111111111111........................
8:111111111111111.........................
9:111111111111............................
10:111111111...............................
11:...........11111111111111111............
12:........111111111111111111111111........
13:.....11111111111111111111111111111......
14:....11111111111111111111111111111111....
15:..11111111111111111111111111111111111...
16:.1111111111111111111111111111111111111..
17:111111111111111111111111111111111111111.
18:111111111111111111111111111111111111111.
19:111111111111111111111111111111111111111.
20:111111111111111111111111111111111111111.
21:111111111111111111111111111111111111111.
22:111111111111111111111111111111111111111.
23:111111111111111111111111111111111111111.
24:.1111111111111111111111111111111111111..
25:..11111111111111111111111111111111111...
26:...11111111111111111111111111111111.....
27:.....11111111111111111111111111111......
28:.......111111111111111111111111.........
29:...........11111111111111111............
30:........................................
31:........................................
32:........................................
33:........................................
34:........................................
35:........................................
36:........................................
37:........................................
38:........................................
39:........................................
40:........................................
You can use several boolean operations in a single region expression, to create arbitrarily complex
regions. With the important exception below, you can apply the operators in any order, using parentheses
if necessary to override the natural precedences of the operators.
NB: Using a panda shape is always much more efficient than explicitly specifying "pie & annulus", due to
the ability of panda to place a limit on the number of pixels checked in the pie shape. If you are going
to specify the intersection of pie and annulus, use panda instead.
As described in "help regreometry", the PIE slice goes to the edge of the field. To limit its scope, PIE
usually is is combined with other shapes, such as circles and annuli, using boolean operations. In this
context, it is worth noting that that there is a difference between -PIE and &!PIE. The former is a
global exclude of all pixels in the PIE slice, while the latter is a local excludes of pixels affecting
only the region(s) with which the PIE is combined. For example, the following region uses &!PIE as a
local exclude of a single circle. Two other circles are also defined and are unaffected by the local
exclude:
CIRCLE(1,8,1)
CIRCLE(8,8,7)&!PIE(8,8,60,120)&!PIE(8,8,240,300)
CIRCLE(15,8,2)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
15: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14: . . . . 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 . . . .
13: . . . 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 . . .
12: . . 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 . .
11: . . 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 . .
10: . . . . 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 . . . .
9: . . . . . . 2 2 2 . . . . 3 3
8: 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3
7: . . . . . . 2 2 2 . . . . 3 3
6: . . . . 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 . . . .
5: . . 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 . .
4: . . 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 . .
3: . . . 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 . . .
2: . . . . 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 . . . .
1: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Note that the two other regions are not affected by the &!PIE, which only affects the circle with which
it is combined.
On the other hand, a -PIE is an global exclude that does affect other regions with which it overlaps:
CIRCLE(1,8,1)
CIRCLE(8,8,7)
-PIE(8,8,60,120)
-PIE(8,8,240,300)
CIRCLE(15,8,2)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
15: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14: . . . . 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 . . . .
13: . . . 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 . . .
12: . . 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 . .
11: . . 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 . .
10: . . . . 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 . . . .
9: . . . . . . 2 2 2 . . . . . .
8: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7: . . . . . . 2 2 2 . . . . . .
6: . . . . 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 . . . .
5: . . 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 . .
4: . . 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 . .
3: . . . 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 . . .
2: . . . . 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 . . . .
1: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The two smaller circles are entirely contained within the two exclude PIE slices and therefore are
excluded from the region.
SEE ALSO
See funtools(7) for a list of Funtools help pages