Provided by: aircrack-ng_1.7+git20230807.4bf83f1a-1build2_amd64 
NAME
airodump-ng - a wireless packet capture tool for aircrack-ng
SYNOPSIS
airodump-ng [options] <interface name>[,<interface name>,...]
DESCRIPTION
airodump-ng is used for packet capturing of raw 802.11 frames for the intent of using them
with aircrack-ng. If you have a GPS receiver connected to the computer, airodump-ng is
capable of logging the coordinates of the found access points. Additionally, airodump-ng
writes out a text file containing the details of all access points and clients seen.
OPTIONS
-H, --help
Shows the help screen.
-i, --ivs
It only saves IVs (only useful for cracking). If this option is specified, you have
to give a dump prefix (--write option)
-g, --gpsd
Indicate that airodump-ng should try to use GPSd to get coordinates.
-w <prefix>, --write <prefix>
Is the dump file prefix to use. If this option is not given, it will only show data
on the screen. Beside this file a CSV file with the same filename as the capture
will be created.
-e, --beacons
It will record all beacons into the cap file. By default it only records one beacon
for each network.
-u <secs>, --update <secs>
Delay <secs> seconds delay between display updates (default: 1 second). Useful for
slow CPU.
-A, --showack
Prints ACK/CTS/RTS statistics. Helps in debugging and general injection
optimization. It is indication if you inject, inject too fast, reach the AP, the
frames are valid encrypted frames. Allows one to detect "hidden" stations, which
are too far away to capture high bitrate frames, as ACK frames are sent at 1Mbps.
-h Hides known stations for --showack.
-f <msecs>
Time in milliseconds between hopping channels.
-B <secs>, --berlin <secs>
Time before removing the AP/client from the screen when no more frames are received
(Default: 120 seconds). See airodump-ng source for the history behind this option
;).
-c <channel>[,<channel>[,...]], --channel <channel>[,<channel>[,...]]
Indicate the channel(s) to listen to. By default airodump-ng hops on all 2.4GHz
channels.
-O, --ignore-other-chans
Ignore access points on channels other than the selected one(s). Requires --channel
(or -c).
-C <freq>[,<freq>[,...]]
Indicates the frequencies to listen to. By default airodump-ng hops on all 2.4GHz
channels.
-b <abg>, --band <abg>
Indicate the band on which airodump-ng should hop. It can be a combination of 'a',
'b' and 'g' letters ('b' and 'g' uses 2.4GHz and 'a' uses 5GHz). Incompatible with
--channel option.
-s <method>, --cswitch <method>
Defines the way airodump-ng sets the channels when using more than one card. Valid
values: 0 (FIFO, default value), 1 (Round Robin) or 2 (Hop on last).
-2, --ht20
Set the channel to be in HT20 (802.11n).
-3, --ht40+
Set the channel to be in HT40+ (802.11n). It requires the frequency 20MHz above to
be available (4 channels above) and thus some channels are not usable in HT40+.
Only channels up to 7 are available in HT40+ in the US (and 9 in most of Europe).
-5, --ht40-
Set the channel to be in HT40- (802.11n). It requires the frequency 20MHz below to
be available (4 channels be)low and thus some channels are not usable in HT40-. In
2.4GHz, HT40- channels start at channel 5.
-r <file>
Reads packet from a file.
-T, --real-time
While reading frames from a file specified with '-r <file>', simulate the arrival
rate of them, as if they were "live".
-x <msecs>
Active Scanning Simulation (send probe requests and parse the probe responses).
-M, --manufacturer
Display a manufacturer column with the information obtained from the IEEE OUI list.
See airodump-ng-oui-update(8)
-U, --uptime
Display APs uptime obtained from its beacon timestamp.
-W, --wps
Display a WPS column with WPS version, config method(s), AP Setup Locked obtained
from APs beacon or probe response (if any).
-o <formats>, --output-format <formats>
Define the formats to use (separated by a comma). Possible values are: pcap, ivs,
csv, gps, kismet, netxml. The default values are: pcap, csv, kismet, kismet-
newcore. 'pcap' is for recording a capture in pcap format, 'ivs' is for ivs format
(it is a shortcut for --ivs). 'csv' will create an airodump-ng CSV file, 'kismet'
will create a kismet csv file and 'kismet-newcore' will create the kismet netxml
file. 'gps' is a shortcut for --gps.
These values can be combined with the exception of ivs and pcap.
-I <seconds>, --write-interval <seconds>
Output file(s) write interval for CSV, Kismet CSV and Kismet NetXML in seconds
(minimum: 1 second). By default: 5 seconds. Note that an interval too small might
slow down airodump-ng.
-K <enable>, --background <enable>
Override automatic background detection. Use "0" to force foreground settings and
"1" to force background settings. It will not make airodump-ng run as a daemon, it
will skip background autodetection and force enable/disable of interactive mode and
display updates.
--ignore-negative-one
Removes the message that says 'fixed channel <interface>: -1'.
Filter options:
-t <OPN|WEP|WPA|WPA1|WPA2|WPA3|OWE>, --encrypt <OPN|WEP|WPA|WPA1|WPA2|WPA3|OWE>
It will only show networks matching the given encryption. Note that WPA is a
shortcut for WPA1, WPA2 and WPA3. May be specified more than once: '-t OPN -t WPA2'
-d <bssid>, --bssid <bssid>
It will only show networks, matching the given bssid. May be specified more than
once: '-d 0D:F7:E2:61:C6:6D -d 5B:62:A1:83:00:A8'
-m <mask>, --netmask <mask>
It will only show networks, matching the given bssid ^ netmask combination. Need
--bssid (or -d) to be specified.
-a It will only show associated stations. Using in combination with -z won't display
any of the stations.
-z It will only show unassociated stations. Using in combination with -a won't display
any of the stations.
-n <int>, --min-packets <int>
The minimum number of packets received by an AP before displaying it. Default
value: 2.
-p <int>, --min-power <int>
Filter out APs with PWR less than the specified value (default value: -120).
-q <int>, --min-rxq <int>
Filter out APs with RXQ less than the specified value (default value: 0). Valid
range: 0..100. Requires --channel (or -c) or -C.
-N <essid>, --essid <essid>
Filter APs by ESSID. May be specified more than once: '-N AP1 -N AP2'
-R <regex>, --essid-regex <regex>
Filter APs by ESSID using a regular expression.
INTERACTION
airodump-ng can receive and interpret key strokes while running. The following list
describes the currently assigned keys and supposed actions:
a Select active areas by cycling through these display options: AP+STA; AP+STA+ACK;
AP only; STA only
d Reset sorting to defaults (Power)
i Invert sorting algorithm
m Mark the selected AP or cycle through different colors if the selected AP is
already marked
o Enable colored display of APs and their stations.
p Disable colored display.
q Quit program.
r (De-)Activate realtime sorting - applies sorting algorithm every time the display
will be redrawn
s Change column to sort by, which currently includes: First seen; BSSID; PWR level;
Beacons; Data packets; Packet rate; Channel; Max. data rate; Encryption; Strongest
Ciphersuite; Strongest Authentication; ESSID
SPACE Pause display redrawing/ Resume redrawing
TAB Enable/Disable scrolling through AP list
UP Select the AP prior to the currently marked AP in the displayed list if available
DOWN Select the AP after the currently marked AP if available
If an AP is selected or marked, all the connected stations will also be selected or marked
with the same color as the corresponding Access Point.
EXAMPLES
airodump-ng -c 9 wlan0mon
Here is an example screenshot:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
CH 9 ][ Elapsed: 1 min ][ 2007-04-26 17:41 ][ BAT: 2 hours 10 mins ][ WPA handshake:
00:14:6C:7E:40:80
BSSID PWR RXQ Beacons #Data, #/s CH MB ENC CIPHER AUTH ESSID
00:09:5B:1C:AA:1D 11 16 10 0 0 11 54. OPN <length: 7>
00:14:6C:7A:41:81 34 100 57 14 1 9 11 WEP WEP bigbear
00:14:6C:7E:40:80 32 100 752 73 2 9 54 WPA TKIP PSK teddy
BSSID STATION PWR Rate Lost Frames Notes Probes
00:14:6C:7A:41:81 00:0F:B5:32:31:31 51 11-11 2 14 bigbear
(not associated) 00:14:A4:3F:8D:13 19 11-11 0 4 mossy
00:14:6C:7A:41:81 00:0C:41:52:D1:D1 -1 11-2 0 5 bigbear
00:14:6C:7E:40:80 00:0F:B5:FD:FB:C2 35 36-24 0 99 teddy
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
BSSID MAC address of the access point. In the Client section, a BSSID of "(not
associated)" means that the client is not associated with any AP. In this
unassociated state, it is searching for an AP to connect with.
PWR Signal level reported by the Wi-Fi adapter. Its signification depends on the
driver, but as you get closer to the AP or the station, the signal gets higher. It
usually is the RSSI
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Received_signal_strength_indication). If the BSSID
PWR is -1, then the driver doesn't support signal level reporting. If PWR is -1 for
some access points, it means the access point is out of range, however airodump-ng
got at least a frame sent to it. If the PWR is -1 for a limited number of stations
then this is for a packet which came from the AP to the client but the client
transmissions are out of range for your Wi-Fi adapter. Meaning you are hearing only
1/2 of the communication. If all clients have PWR as -1 then it is likely that the
driver doesn't support signal level reporting. A strong signal is around -40. An
average one is around -55, and a weak one starts around -70. Wi-Fi adapters lower
limit (aka receive sensitivity) is often around -80/-90.
RXQ Only shown when on a fixed channel. Receive Quality as measured by the percentage
of frames (management and data frames) successfully received over the last 10
seconds. It's measured over all management and data frames. That's the clue, this
allows you to read more things out of this value. Lets say you got 100 percent RXQ
and all 10 (or whatever the rate) beacons per second coming in. Now all of a sudden
the RXQ drops below 90, but you still capture all sent beacons. Thus you know that
the AP is sending frames to a client but you can't hear the client nor the AP
sending to the client (need to get closer). Another thing would be, that you got a
11MB card to monitor and capture frames (say a prism2.5) and you have a very good
position to the AP. The AP is set to 54MBit and then again the RXQ drops, so you
know that there is at least one 54MBit client connected to the AP.
Beacons
Number of beacons sent by the AP. Each access point sends about ten beacons per
second at the lowest rate (1M), so they can usually be picked up from very far.
#Data Number of captured data packets (if WEP, unique IV count), including data broadcast
packets.
#/s Number of data packets per second measure over the last 10 seconds.
CH Channel number (taken from beacon frames). Note: sometimes frames from other
channels are captured even if airodump-ng is not hopping, because of radio
interference.
MB Maximum speed supported by the AP. If MB = 11, it's 802.11b, if MB = 22 it's
802.11b+ and higher rates are 802.11g. The dot (after 54 above) indicates short
preamble is supported. 'e' indicates that the network has QoS (802.11e) enabled.
ENC Encryption algorithm in use. OPN = no encryption,"WEP?" = WEP or higher (not enough
data to choose between WEP and WPA/WPA2), WEP (without the question mark) indicates
static or dynamic WEP, and WPA or WPA2 if TKIP or CCMP or MGT is present.
CIPHER The cipher detected. One of CCMP, WRAP, TKIP, WEP, WEP40, or WEP104. Not mandatory,
but TKIP is typically used with WPA and CCMP is typically used with WPA2. WEP40 is
displayed when the key index is greater than 0. The standard states that the index
can be 0-3 for 40bit and should be 0 for 104 bit.
AUTH The authentication protocol used. One of MGT (WPA/WPA2 using a separate
authentication server), SKA (shared key for WEP), PSK (pre-shared key for
WPA/WPA2), or OPN (open for WEP).
WPS This is only displayed when --wps (or -W) is specified. If the AP supports WPS, the
first field of the column indicates version supported. The second field indicates
WPS config methods (can be more than one method, separated by comma): USB = USB
method, ETHER = Ethernet, LAB = Label, DISP = Display, EXTNFC = External NFC,
INTNFC = Internal NFC, NFCINTF = NFC Interface, PBC = Push Button, KPAD = Keypad.
Locked is displayed when AP setup is locked.
ESSID The so-called "SSID", which can be empty if SSID hiding is activated. In this case,
airodump-ng will try to recover the SSID from probe responses and association
requests.
STATION
MAC address of each associated station or stations searching for an AP to connect
with. Clients not currently associated with an AP have a BSSID of "(not
associated)".
Rate This is only displayed when using a single channel. The first number is the last
data rate from the AP (BSSID) to the Client (STATION). The second number is the
last data rate from Client (STATION) to the AP (BSSID).
Lost It means lost frames coming from the client. To determine the number of frames
lost, there is a sequence field on every non-control frame, so you can subtract the
second last sequence number from the last sequence number and you know how many
frames you have lost.
Notes Additional information about the client, such as captured EAPOL or PMKID.
Frames The number of data packets sent by the client.
Probes The ESSIDs probed by the client. These are the networks the client is trying to
connect to if it is not currently connected.
The first part is the detected access points. The second part is a list of detected
wireless clients, stations. By relying on the signal power, one can even physically
pinpoint the location of a given station.
AUTHOR
This manual page was written by Adam Cecile <gandalf@le-vert.net> for the Debian system
(but may be used by others). Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU General Public License, Version 2 or any later version
published by the Free Software Foundation On Debian systems, the complete text of the GNU
General Public License can be found in /usr/share/common-licenses/GPL.
SEE ALSO
airbase-ng(8)
aireplay-ng(8)
airmon-ng(8)
airodump-ng-oui-update(8)
airserv-ng(8)
airtun-ng(8)
besside-ng(8)
easside-ng(8)
tkiptun-ng(8)
wesside-ng(8)
aircrack-ng(1)
airdecap-ng(1)
airdecloak-ng(1)
airolib-ng(1)
besside-ng-crawler(1)
buddy-ng(1)
ivstools(1)
kstats(1)
makeivs-ng(1)
packetforge-ng(1)
wpaclean(1)
airventriloquist(8)