Ubuntu Manpage: cryptsetup-luksChangeKey - change an existing passphrase

Provided by: cryptsetup-bin_2.7.0-1ubuntu4.1_amd64

NAME

       cryptsetup-luksChangeKey - change an existing passphrase

SYNOPSIS

       cryptsetup luksChangeKey [<options>] <device> [<new key file>]

DESCRIPTION

Changes an existing passphrase. The passphrase to be changed must be supplied
interactively or via --key-file. The new passphrase can be supplied interactively or in a
file given as the positional argument.

If a key-slot is specified (via --key-slot), the passphrase for that key-slot must be
given and the new passphrase will overwrite the specified key-slot. If no key-slot is
specified and there is still a free key-slot, then the new passphrase will be put into a
free key-slot before the key-slot containing the old passphrase is purged. If there is no
free key-slot, then the key-slot with the old passphrase is overwritten directly.

WARNING: If a key-slot is overwritten, a media failure during this operation can cause the
overwrite to fail after the old passphrase has been wiped and make the LUKS container
inaccessible. LUKS2 mitigates that by never overwriting existing keyslot area as long as
there’s a free space in keyslots area at least for one more LUKS2 keyslot.

NOTE: some parameters are effective only if used with LUKS2 format that supports
per-keyslot parameters. For LUKS1, PBKDF type and hash algorithm is always the same for
all keyslots.

<options> can be [--key-file, --keyfile-offset, --keyfile-size, --new-keyfile-offset,
--iter-time, --pbkdf, --pbkdf-force-iterations, --pbkdf-memory, --pbkdf-parallel,
--new-keyfile-size, --key-slot, --force-password, --hash, --header, --disable-locks,
--type, --keyslot-cipher, --keyslot-key-size, --timeout, --verify-passphrase].

OPTIONS

--type <device-type>
Specifies required device type, for more info read BASIC ACTIONS section in
cryptsetup(8).

--hash, -h <hash-spec>
The specified hash is used for PBKDF2 and AF splitter.

--verify-passphrase, -y
When interactively asking for a passphrase, ask for it twice and complain if both
inputs do not match. Ignored on input from file or stdin.

--key-file, -d name
Read the passphrase from file.

If the name given is "-", then the passphrase will be read from stdin. In this case,
reading will not stop at newline characters.

The passphrase supplied via --key-file is always the passphrase for existing keyslot
requested by the command.

If you want to set a new passphrase via key file, you have to use a positional
argument.

See section NOTES ON PASSPHRASE PROCESSING in cryptsetup(8) for more information.

--keyfile-offset value
Skip value bytes at the beginning of the key file.

--keyfile-size, -l value
Read a maximum of value bytes from the key file. The default is to read the whole file
up to the compiled-in maximum that can be queried with --help. Supplying more data
than the compiled-in maximum aborts the operation.

This option is useful to cut trailing newlines, for example. If --keyfile-offset is
also given, the size count starts after the offset.

--new-keyfile-offset value
Skip value bytes at the start when adding a new passphrase from key file.

--new-keyfile-size value
Read a maximum of value bytes when adding a new passphrase from key file. The default
is to read the whole file up to the compiled-in maximum length that can be queried
with --help. Supplying more than the compiled in maximum aborts the operation. When
--new-keyfile-offset is also given, reading starts after the offset.

--key-slot, -S <0-N>
For LUKS operations that add key material, this option allows you to specify which key
slot is selected for the new key.

The maximum number of key slots depends on the LUKS version. LUKS1 can have up to 8
key slots. LUKS2 can have up to 32 key slots based on key slot area size and key size,
but a valid key slot ID can always be between 0 and 31 for LUKS2.

--pbkdf <PBKDF spec>
Set Password-Based Key Derivation Function (PBKDF) algorithm for LUKS keyslot. The
PBKDF can be: pbkdf2 (for PBKDF2 according to RFC2898), argon2i for Argon2i or
argon2id for Argon2id (see Argon2 <https://www.cryptolux.org/index.php/Argon2> for
more info).

For LUKS1, only PBKDF2 is accepted (no need to use this option). The default PBKDF for
LUKS2 is set during compilation time and is available in cryptsetup --help output.

A PBKDF is used for increasing dictionary and brute-force attack cost for keyslot
passwords. The parameters can be time, memory and parallel cost.

For PBKDF2, only time cost (number of iterations) applies. For Argon2i/id, there is
also memory cost (memory required during the process of key derivation) and parallel
cost (number of threads that run in parallel during the key derivation.

Note that increasing memory cost also increases time, so the final parameter values
are measured by a benchmark. The benchmark tries to find iteration time (--iter-time)
with required memory cost --pbkdf-memory. If it is not possible, the memory cost is
decreased as well. The parallel cost --pbkdf-parallel is constant and is checked
against available CPU cores.

You can see all PBKDF parameters for particular LUKS2 keyslot with
cryptsetup-luksDump(8) command.

NOTE: If you do not want to use benchmark and want to specify all parameters directly,
use --pbkdf-force-iterations with --pbkdf-memory and --pbkdf-parallel. This will
override the values without benchmarking. Note it can cause extremely long unlocking
time or cause out-of-memory conditions with unconditional process termination. Use
only in specific cases, for example, if you know that the formatted device will be
used on some small embedded system.

MINIMAL AND MAXIMAL PBKDF COSTS: For PBKDF2, the minimum iteration count is 1000 and
maximum is 4294967295 (maximum for 32bit unsigned integer). Memory and parallel costs
are unused for PBKDF2. For Argon2i and Argon2id, minimum iteration count (CPU cost) is
4 and maximum is 4294967295 (maximum for 32bit unsigned integer). Minimum memory cost
is 32 KiB and maximum is 4 GiB. (Limited by addressable memory on some CPU platforms.)
If the memory cost parameter is benchmarked (not specified by a parameter) it is
always in range from 64 MiB to 1 GiB. The parallel cost minimum is 1 and maximum 4 (if
enough CPUs cores are available, otherwise it is decreased).

--iter-time, -i <number of milliseconds>
The number of milliseconds to spend with PBKDF passphrase processing. Specifying 0 as
parameter selects the compiled-in default.

--pbkdf-memory <number>
Set the memory cost for PBKDF (for Argon2i/id the number represents kilobytes). Note
that it is maximal value, PBKDF benchmark or available physical memory can decrease
it. This option is not available for PBKDF2.

--pbkdf-parallel <number>
Set the parallel cost for PBKDF (number of threads, up to 4). Note that it is maximal
value, it is decreased automatically if CPU online count is lower. This option is not
available for PBKDF2.

--pbkdf-force-iterations <num>
Avoid PBKDF benchmark and set time cost (iterations) directly. It can be used for
LUKS/LUKS2 device only. See --pbkdf option for more info.

--timeout, -t <number of seconds>
The number of seconds to wait before timeout on passphrase input via terminal. It is
relevant every time a passphrase is asked. It has no effect if used in conjunction
with --key-file.

This option is useful when the system should not stall if the user does not input a
passphrase, e.g. during boot. The default is a value of 0 seconds, which means to wait
forever.

--header <device or file storing the LUKS header>
Use a detached (separated) metadata device or file where the LUKS header is stored.
This option allows one to store ciphertext and LUKS header on different devices.

For commands that change the LUKS header (e.g. luksAddKey), specify the device or file
with the LUKS header directly as the LUKS device.

--force-password
Do not use password quality checking for new LUKS passwords.

This option is ignored if cryptsetup is built without password quality checking
support.

For more info about password quality check, see the manual page for pwquality.conf(5)
and passwdqc.conf(5).

--disable-locks
Disable lock protection for metadata on disk. This option is valid only for LUKS2 and
ignored for other formats.

WARNING: Do not use this option unless you run cryptsetup in a restricted environment
where locking is impossible to perform (where /run directory cannot be used).

--keyslot-cipher <cipher-spec>
This option can be used to set specific cipher encryption for the LUKS2 keyslot area.

--keyslot-key-size <bits>
This option can be used to set specific key size for the LUKS2 keyslot area.

--batch-mode, -q
Suppresses all confirmation questions. Use with care!

If the --verify-passphrase option is not specified, this option also switches off the
passphrase verification.

--debug or --debug-json
Run in debug mode with full diagnostic logs. Debug output lines are always prefixed by
#.

If --debug-json is used, additional LUKS2 JSON data structures are printed.

--version, -V
Show the program version.

--usage
Show short option help.

--help, -?
Show help text and default parameters.

REPORTING BUGS

       Report bugs at cryptsetup mailing list <cryptsetup@lists.linux.dev> or in Issues project
       section <https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup/-/issues/new>.

       Please attach output of the failed command with --debug option added.

CRYPTSETUP