NAME

       mkswap - set up a Linux swap area

SYNOPSIS

       mkswap [options] device [size]

DESCRIPTION

       mkswap sets up a Linux swap area on a device or in a file.

       The device argument will usually be a disk partition (something like /dev/sdb7) but can also be a file.
       The Linux kernel does not look at partition IDs, but many installation scripts will assume that
       partitions of hex type 82 (LINUX_SWAP) are meant to be swap partitions. (Warning: Solaris also uses this
       type. Be careful not to kill your Solaris partitions.)

       The size parameter is superfluous but retained for backwards compatibility. (It specifies the desired
       size of the swap area in 1024-byte blocks. mkswap will use the entire partition or file if it is omitted.
       Specifying it is unwise - a typo may destroy your disk.)

       After creating the swap area, you need the swapon(8) command to start using it. Usually swap areas are
       listed in /etc/fstab so that they can be taken into use at boot time by a swapon -a command in some boot
       script.

WARNING

       The swap header does not touch the first block. A boot loader or disk label can be there, but it is not a
       recommended setup. The recommended setup is to use a separate partition for a Linux swap area.

       mkswap, like many others mkfs-like utils, erases the first partition block to make any previous
       filesystem invisible.

       However, mkswap refuses to erase the first block on a device with a disk label (SUN, BSD, ...).

OPTIONS

       -c, --check
           Check the device (if it is a block device) for bad blocks before creating the swap area. If any bad
           blocks are found, the count is printed.

       -f, --force
           Go ahead even if the command is stupid. This allows the creation of a swap area larger than the file
           or partition it resides on.

           Also, without this option, mkswap will refuse to erase the first block on a device with a partition
           table.

       -q, --quiet
           Suppress output and warning messages.

       -L, --label label
           Specify a label for the device, to allow swapon(8) by label.

       --lock[=mode]
           Use exclusive BSD lock for device or file it operates. The optional argument mode can be yes, no (or
           1 and 0) or nonblock. If the mode argument is omitted, it defaults to yes. This option overwrites
           environment variable $LOCK_BLOCK_DEVICE. The default is not to use any lock at all, but it’s
           recommended to avoid collisions with systemd-udevd(8) or other tools.

       -p, --pagesize size
           Specify the page size (in bytes) to use. This option is usually unnecessary; mkswap reads the size
           from the kernel.

       -U, --uuid UUID
           Specify the UUID to use. The default is to generate a UUID. The format of the UUID is a series of hex
           digits separated by hyphens, like this: "c1b9d5a2-f162-11cf-9ece-0020afc76f16". The UUID parameter
           may also be one of the following:

           clear
               clear the filesystem UUID

           random
               generate a new randomly-generated UUID

           time
               generate a new time-based UUID

       -e, --endianness ENDIANNESS
           Specify the ENDIANNESS to use, valid arguments are native, little or big. The default is native.

       -v, --swapversion 1
           Specify the swap-space version. (This option is currently pointless, as the old -v 0 option has
           become obsolete and now only -v 1 is supported. The kernel has not supported v0 swap-space format
           since 2.5.22 (June 2002). The new version v1 is supported since 2.1.117 (August 1998).)

       --verbose
           Verbose execution. With this option mkswap will output more details about detected problems during
           swap area set up.

       -h, --help
           Display help text and exit.

       -V, --version
           Print version and exit.

ENVIRONMENT

       LIBBLKID_DEBUG=all
           enables libblkid debug output.

       LOCK_BLOCK_DEVICE=<mode>
           use exclusive BSD lock. The mode is "1" or "0". See --lock for more details.

NOTES

       The maximum useful size of a swap area depends on the architecture and the kernel version.

       The maximum number of the pages that is possible to address by swap area header is 4294967295 (32-bit
       unsigned int). The remaining space on the swap device is ignored.

       Presently, Linux allows 32 swap areas. The areas in use can be seen in the file /proc/swaps.

       mkswap refuses areas smaller than 10 pages.

       If you don’t know the page size that your machine uses, you can look it up with getconf PAGESIZE.

       To set up a swap file, it is necessary to create that file before initializing it with mkswap, e.g. using
       a command like

           # dd if=/dev/zero of=swapfile bs=1MiB count=$((8*1024))

       to create 8GiB swapfile.

       Please read notes from swapon(8) about the swap file use restrictions (holes, preallocation and
       copy-on-write issues).

SEE ALSO

       fdisk(8), swapon(8)

REPORTING BUGS

       For bug reports, use the issue tracker at https://github.com/util-linux/util-linux/issues.

AVAILABILITY

       The mkswap command is part of the util-linux package which can be downloaded from Linux Kernel Archive
       <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>.