Ubuntu Manpage: devstat, devstat_end_transaction, devstat_end_transaction_bio, devstat_end_transaction_bio

Provided by: freebsd-manpages_12.2-1_all

NAME

     devstat, devstat_end_transaction, devstat_end_transaction_bio, devstat_end_transaction_bio_bt,
     devstat_new_entry, devstat_remove_entry, devstat_start_transaction, devstat_start_transaction_bio — kernel
     interface for keeping device statistics

SYNOPSIS

     #include <sys/devicestat.h>

     struct devstat *
     devstat_new_entry(const void *dev_name, int unit_number, uint32_t block_size, devstat_support_flags flags,
         devstat_type_flags device_type, devstat_priority priority);

     void
     devstat_remove_entry(struct devstat *ds);

     void
     devstat_start_transaction(struct devstat *ds, const struct bintime *now);

     void
     devstat_start_transaction_bio(struct devstat *ds, struct bio *bp);

     void
     devstat_end_transaction(struct devstat *ds, uint32_t bytes, devstat_tag_type tag_type,
         devstat_trans_flags flags, const struct bintime *now, const struct bintime *then);

     void
     devstat_end_transaction_bio(struct devstat *ds, const struct bio *bp);

     void
     devstat_end_transaction_bio_bt(struct devstat *ds, const struct bio *bp, const struct bintime *now);

DESCRIPTION

The devstat subsystem is an interface for recording device statistics, as its name implies. The idea is to
keep reasonably detailed statistics while utilizing a minimum amount of CPU time to record them. Thus, no
statistical calculations are actually performed in the kernel portion of the devstat code. Instead, that
is left for user programs to handle.

The historical and antiquated devstat model assumed a single active IO operation per device, which is not
accurate for most disk-like drivers in the 2000s and beyond. New consumers of the interface should almost
certainly use only the "bio" variants of the start and end transacation routines.

devstat_new_entry() allocates and initializes devstat structure and returns a pointer to it.
devstat_new_entry() takes several arguments:

dev_name The device name, e.g., da, cd, sa.

unit_number Device unit number.

block_size Block size of the device, if supported. If the device does not support a block size, or if
the blocksize is unknown at the time the device is added to the devstat list, it should be set
to 0.

flags Flags indicating operations supported or not supported by the device. See below for details.

device_type The device type. This is broken into three sections: base device type (e.g., direct access,
CDROM, sequential access), interface type (IDE, SCSI or other) and a pass-through flag to
indicate pas-through devices. See below for a complete list of types.

priority The device priority. The priority is used to determine how devices are sorted within
devstat's list of devices. Devices are sorted first by priority (highest to lowest), and then
by attach order. See below for a complete list of available priorities.

devstat_remove_entry() removes a device from the devstat subsystem. It takes the devstat structure for the
device in question as an argument. The devstat generation number is incremented and the number of devices
is decremented.

devstat_start_transaction() registers the start of a transaction with the devstat subsystem. Optionally,
if the caller already has a binuptime() value available, it may be passed in *now. Usually the caller can
just pass NULL for now, and the routine will gather the current binuptime() itself. The busy count is
incremented with each transaction start. When a device goes from idle to busy, the system uptime is
recorded in the busy_from field of the devstat structure.

devstat_start_transaction_bio() records the binuptime() in the provided bio's bio_t0 and then invokes
devstat_start_transaction().

devstat_end_transaction() registers the end of a transaction with the devstat subsystem. It takes six
arguments:

ds The devstat structure for the device in question.

bytes The number of bytes transferred in this transaction.

tag_type Transaction tag type. See below for tag types.

flags Transaction flags indicating whether the transaction was a read, write, or whether no data was
transferred.

now The binuptime() at the end of the transaction, or NULL.

then The binuptime() at the beginning of the transaction, or NULL.

If now is NULL, it collects the current time from binuptime(). If then is NULL, the operation is not
tracked in the devstat duration table.

devstat_end_transaction_bio() is a thin wrapper for devstat_end_transaction_bio_bt() with a NULL now
parameter.

devstat_end_transaction_bio_bt() is a wrapper for devstat_end_transaction() which pulls all needed
information from a struct bio prepared by devstat_start_transaction_bio(). The bio must be ready for
biodone() (i.e., bio_bcount and bio_resid must be correctly initialized).

The devstat structure is composed of the following fields:

sequence0,

sequence1 An implementation detail used to gather consistent snapshots of device statistics.

start_count Number of operations started.

end_count Number of operations completed. The “busy_count” can be calculated by subtracting
end_count from start_count. (sequence0 and sequence1 are used to get a consistent
snapshot.) This is the current number of outstanding transactions for the device. This
should never go below zero, and on an idle device it should be zero. If either one of
these conditions is not true, it indicates a problem.

There should be one and only one transaction start event and one transaction end event
for each transaction.

dev_links Each devstat structure is placed in a linked list when it is registered. The dev_links
field contains a pointer to the next entry in the list of devstat structures.

device_number The device number is a unique identifier for each device. The device number is
incremented for each new device that is registered. The device number is currently only
a 32-bit integer, but it could be enlarged if someone has a system with more than four
billion device arrival events.

device_name The device name is a text string given by the registering driver to identify itself.
(e.g., “da”, “cd”, “sa”, etc.)

unit_number The unit number identifies the particular instance of the peripheral driver in question.

bytes[4] This array contains the number of bytes that have been read (index DEVSTAT_READ),
written (index DEVSTAT_WRITE), freed or erased (index DEVSTAT_FREE), or other (index
DEVSTAT_NO_DATA). All values are unsigned 64-bit integers.

operations[4] This array contains the number of operations of a given type that have been performed.
The indices are identical to those for bytes above. DEVSTAT_NO_DATA or "other"
represents the number of transactions to the device which are neither reads, writes, nor
frees. For instance, SCSI drivers often send a test unit ready command to SCSI devices.
The test unit ready command does not read or write any data. It merely causes the
device to return its status.

duration[4] This array contains the total bintime corresponding to completed operations of a given
type. The indices are identical to those for bytes above. (Operations that complete
using the historical devstat_end_transaction() API and do not provide a non-NULL then
are not accounted for.)

busy_time This is the amount of time that the device busy count has been greater than zero. This
is only updated when the busy count returns to zero.

creation_time This is the time, as reported by getmicrotime() that the device was registered.

block_size This is the block size of the device, if the device has a block size.

tag_types This is an array of counters to record the number of various tag types that are sent to
a device. See below for a list of tag types.

busy_from If the device is not busy, this was the time that a transaction last completed. If the
device is busy, this the most recent of either the time that the device became busy, or
the time that the last transaction completed.

flags These flags indicate which statistics measurements are supported by a particular device.
These flags are primarily intended to serve as an aid to userland programs that decipher
the statistics.

device_type This is the device type. It consists of three parts: the device type (e.g., direct
access, CDROM, sequential access, etc.), the interface (IDE, SCSI or other) and whether
or not the device in question is a pass-through driver. See below for a complete list
of device types.

priority This is the priority. This is the first parameter used to determine where to insert a
device in the devstat list. The second parameter is attach order. See below for a list
of available priorities.

id Identification for GEOM nodes.

Each device is given a device type. Pass-through devices have the same underlying device type and
interface as the device they provide an interface for, but they also have the pass-through flag set. The
base device types are identical to the SCSI device type numbers, so with SCSI peripherals, the device type
returned from an inquiry is usually ORed with the SCSI interface type and the pass-through flag if
appropriate. The device type flags are as follows:

typedef enum {
DEVSTAT_TYPE_DIRECT = 0x000,
DEVSTAT_TYPE_SEQUENTIAL = 0x001,
DEVSTAT_TYPE_PRINTER = 0x002,
DEVSTAT_TYPE_PROCESSOR = 0x003,
DEVSTAT_TYPE_WORM = 0x004,
DEVSTAT_TYPE_CDROM = 0x005,
DEVSTAT_TYPE_SCANNER = 0x006,
DEVSTAT_TYPE_OPTICAL = 0x007,
DEVSTAT_TYPE_CHANGER = 0x008,
DEVSTAT_TYPE_COMM = 0x009,
DEVSTAT_TYPE_ASC0 = 0x00a,
DEVSTAT_TYPE_ASC1 = 0x00b,
DEVSTAT_TYPE_STORARRAY = 0x00c,
DEVSTAT_TYPE_ENCLOSURE = 0x00d,
DEVSTAT_TYPE_FLOPPY = 0x00e,
DEVSTAT_TYPE_MASK = 0x00f,
DEVSTAT_TYPE_IF_SCSI = 0x010,
DEVSTAT_TYPE_IF_IDE = 0x020,
DEVSTAT_TYPE_IF_OTHER = 0x030,
DEVSTAT_TYPE_IF_MASK = 0x0f0,
DEVSTAT_TYPE_PASS = 0x100
} devstat_type_flags;

Devices have a priority associated with them, which controls roughly where they are placed in the devstat
list. The priorities are as follows:

typedef enum {
DEVSTAT_PRIORITY_MIN = 0x000,
DEVSTAT_PRIORITY_OTHER = 0x020,
DEVSTAT_PRIORITY_PASS = 0x030,
DEVSTAT_PRIORITY_FD = 0x040,
DEVSTAT_PRIORITY_WFD = 0x050,
DEVSTAT_PRIORITY_TAPE = 0x060,
DEVSTAT_PRIORITY_CD = 0x090,
DEVSTAT_PRIORITY_DISK = 0x110,
DEVSTAT_PRIORITY_ARRAY = 0x120,
DEVSTAT_PRIORITY_MAX = 0xfff
} devstat_priority;

Each device has associated with it flags to indicate what operations are supported or not supported. The
devstat_support_flags values are as follows:

DEVSTAT_ALL_SUPPORTED Every statistic type is supported by the device.

DEVSTAT_NO_BLOCKSIZE This device does not have a blocksize.

DEVSTAT_NO_ORDERED_TAGS This device does not support ordered tags.

DEVSTAT_BS_UNAVAILABLE This device supports a blocksize, but it is currently unavailable. This flag is
most often used with removable media drives.

Transactions to a device fall into one of three categories, which are represented in the flags passed into
devstat_end_transaction(). The transaction types are as follows:

typedef enum {
DEVSTAT_NO_DATA = 0x00,
DEVSTAT_READ = 0x01,
DEVSTAT_WRITE = 0x02,
DEVSTAT_FREE = 0x03
} devstat_trans_flags;
#define DEVSTAT_N_TRANS_FLAGS 4

DEVSTAT_NO_DATA is a type of transactions to the device which are neither reads or writes. For instance,
SCSI drivers often send a test unit ready command to SCSI devices. The test unit ready command does not
read or write any data. It merely causes the device to return its status.

There are four possible values for the tag_type argument to devstat_end_transaction():

DEVSTAT_TAG_SIMPLE The transaction had a simple tag.

DEVSTAT_TAG_HEAD The transaction had a head of queue tag.

DEVSTAT_TAG_ORDERED The transaction had an ordered tag.

DEVSTAT_TAG_NONE The device does not support tags.

The tag type values correspond to the lower four bits of the SCSI tag definitions. In CAM, for instance,
the tag_action from the CCB is ORed with 0xf to determine the tag type to pass in to
devstat_end_transaction().

There is a macro, DEVSTAT_VERSION that is defined in <sys/devicestat.h>. This is the current version of
the devstat subsystem, and it should be incremented each time a change is made that would require
recompilation of userland programs that access devstat statistics. Userland programs use this version, via
the kern.devstat.version sysctl variable to determine whether they are in sync with the kernel devstat
structures.

HISTORY

     The devstat statistics system appeared in FreeBSD 3.0.

AUTHORS

     Kenneth Merry <ken@FreeBSD.org>

BUGS