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NAME

     ral — Ralink Technology IEEE 802.11a/g/n wireless network device

SYNOPSIS

     To compile this driver into the kernel, place the following lines in your kernel
     configuration file:

           device ral
           device ralfw
           device wlan
           device wlan_amrr
           device firmware

     Alternatively, to load the driver as a module at boot time, place the following line in
     loader.conf(5):

           if_ral_load="YES"

DESCRIPTION

     The ral driver supports PCI/PCIe/CardBus wireless adapters based on the Ralink RT2500,
     RT2501, RT2600, RT2700, RT2800, RT3090 and RT3900E chipsets.

     The RT2500 chipset is the first generation of 802.11b/g adapters from Ralink.  It consists
     of two integrated chips, an RT2560 MAC/BBP and an RT2525 radio transceiver.

     The RT2501 chipset is the second generation of 802.11a/b/g adapters from Ralink.  It
     consists of two integrated chips, an RT2561 MAC/BBP and an RT2527 radio transceiver.  This
     chipset provides support for the IEEE 802.11e standard with multiple hardware transmission
     queues and allows scatter/gather for efficient DMA operations.

     The RT2600 chipset consists of two integrated chips, an RT2661 MAC/BBP and an RT2529 radio
     transceiver.  This chipset uses the MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) technology with
     multiple radio transceivers to extend the operating range of the adapter and to achieve
     higher throughput.  However, the RT2600 chipset does not support any of the 802.11n
     features.

     The RT2700 chipset is a low-cost version of the RT2800 chipset.  It supports a single
     transmit path and two receiver paths (1T2R).  It consists of two integrated chips, an RT2760
     or RT2790 (PCIe) MAC/BBP and an RT2720 (2.4GHz) or RT2750 (2.4GHz/5GHz) radio transceiver.

     The RT2800 chipset is the first generation of 802.11n adapters from Ralink.  It consists of
     two integrated chips, an RT2860 or RT2890 (PCIe) MAC/BBP and an RT2820 (2.4GHz) or RT2850
     (2.4GHz/5GHz) radio transceiver.  The RT2800 chipset supports two transmit paths and up to
     three receiver paths (2T2R/2T3R).  It can achieve speeds up to 144Mbps (20MHz bandwidth) and
     300Mbps (40MHz bandwidth.)

     The RT3090 chipset is the first generation of single-chip 802.11n adapters from Ralink.  ral
     supports station, adhoc, hostap, mesh, wds, and monitor mode operation.  Only one hostap or
     mesh virtual interface may be configured at a time.  Any number of wds virtual interfaces
     may be configured together with a hostap interface.  Multiple station interfaces may be
     operated together with a hostap interface to construct a wireless repeater device.

     The RT3900E chipset is a single-chip 802.11n adapters from Ralink.  The MAC/Baseband
     Processor can be an RT5390 or RT5392.  The RT5390 chip operates in the 2GHz spectrum and
     supports 1 transmit path and 1 receiver path (1T1R).  The RT5392 chip operates in the 2GHz
     spectrum and supports up to 2 transmit paths and 2 receiver paths (2T2R).

     The transmit speed is user-selectable or can be adapted automatically by the driver
     depending on the number of hardware transmission retries.  For more information on
     configuring this device, see ifconfig(8).

HARDWARE

     The ral driver supports PCI/PCIe/CardBus wireless adapters based on Ralink Technology
     chipsets, including:

     Card                         MAC/BBP    Bus
     A-Link WL54H                 RT2560     PCI
     A-Link WL54PC                RT2560     CardBus
     AirLink101 AWLC5025          RT2661     CardBus
     AirLink101 AWLH5025          RT2661     PCI
     Amigo AWI-914W               RT2560     CardBus
     Amigo AWI-922W               RT2560     mini-PCI
     Amigo AWI-926W               RT2560     PCI
     AMIT WL531C                  RT2560     CardBus
     AMIT WL531P                  RT2560     PCI
     AOpen AOI-831                RT2560     PCI
     ASUS WL-107G                 RT2560     CardBus
     ASUS WL-130g                 RT2560     PCI
     Atlantis Land A02-PCI-W54    RT2560     PCI
     Atlantis Land A02-PCM-W54    RT2560     CardBus
     Belkin F5D7000 v3            RT2560     PCI
     Belkin F5D7010 v2            RT2560     CardBus
     Billionton MIWLGRL           RT2560     mini-PCI
     Canyon CN-WF511              RT2560     PCI
     Canyon CN-WF513              RT2560     CardBus
     CC&C WL-2102                 RT2560     CardBus
     CNet CWC-854                 RT2560     CardBus
     CNet CWP-854                 RT2560     PCI
     Compex WL54G                 RT2560     CardBus
     Compex WLP54G                RT2560     PCI
     Conceptronic C54RC           RT2560     CardBus
     Conceptronic C54Ri           RT2560     PCI
     D-Link DWA-525 rev A2        RT5392     PCI
     Digitus DN-7001G-RA          RT2560     CardBus
     Digitus DN-7006G-RA          RT2560     PCI
     E-Tech WGPC02                RT2560     CardBus
     E-Tech WGPI02                RT2560     PCI
     Edimax EW-7108PCg            RT2560     CardBus
     Edimax EW-7128g              RT2560     PCI
     Eminent EM3036               RT2560     CardBus
     Eminent EM3037               RT2560     PCI
     Encore ENLWI-G-RLAM          RT2560     PCI
     Encore ENPWI-G-RLAM          RT2560     CardBus
     Fiberline WL-400P            RT2560     PCI
     Fibreline WL-400X            RT2560     CardBus
     Gigabyte GN-WI01GS           RT2561S    mini-PCI
     Gigabyte GN-WIKG             RT2560     mini-PCI
     Gigabyte GN-WMKG             RT2560     CardBus
     Gigabyte GN-WP01GS           RT2561S    PCI
     Gigabyte GN-WPKG             RT2560     PCI
     Hawking HWC54GR              RT2560     CardBus
     Hawking HWP54GR              RT2560     PCI
     iNexQ CR054g-009 (R03)       RT2560     PCI
     JAHT WN-4054P                RT2560     CardBus
     JAHT WN-4054PCI              RT2560     PCI
     LevelOne WNC-0301 v2         RT2560     PCI
     LevelOne WPC-0301 v2         RT2560     CardBus
     Linksys WMP54G v4            RT2560     PCI
     Micronet SP906GK             RT2560     PCI
     Micronet SP908GK V3          RT2560     CardBus
     Minitar MN54GCB-R            RT2560     CardBus
     Minitar MN54GPC-R            RT2560     PCI
     MSI CB54G2                   RT2560     CardBus
     MSI MP54G2                   RT2560     mini-PCI
     MSI PC54G2                   RT2560     PCI
     OvisLink EVO-W54PCI          RT2560     PCI
     PheeNet HWL-PCIG/RA          RT2560     PCI
     Planex GW-NS300N             RT2860     CardBus
     Pro-Nets CB80211G            RT2560     CardBus
     Pro-Nets PC80211G            RT2560     PCI
     Repotec RP-WB7108            RT2560     CardBus
     Repotec RP-WP0854            RT2560     PCI
     SATech SN-54C                RT2560     CardBus
     SATech SN-54P                RT2560     PCI
     Sitecom WL-112               RT2560     CardBus
     Sitecom WL-115               RT2560     PCI
     SMC SMCWCB-GM                RT2661     CardBus
     SMC SMCWPCI-GM               RT2661     PCI
     SparkLAN WL-685R             RT2560     CardBus
     Surecom EP-9321-g            RT2560     PCI
     Surecom EP-9321-g1           RT2560     PCI
     Surecom EP-9428-g            RT2560     CardBus
     Sweex LC500050               RT2560     CardBus
     Sweex LC700030               RT2560     PCI
     TekComm NE-9321-g            RT2560     PCI
     TekComm NE-9428-g            RT2560     CardBus
     Unex CR054g-R02              RT2560     PCI
     Unex MR054g-R02              RT2560     CardBus
     Zinwell ZWX-G160             RT2560     CardBus
     Zinwell ZWX-G360             RT2560     mini-PCI
     Zinwell ZWX-G361             RT2560     PCI
     Zonet ZEW1500                RT2560     CardBus
     Zonet ZEW1600                RT2560     PCI

EXAMPLES

     Join an existing BSS network (i.e., connect to an access point):

           ifconfig wlan create wlandev ral0 inet 192.168.0.20 netmask 0xffffff00

     Join a specific BSS network with network name “my_net”:

           ifconfig wlan create wlandev ral0 inet 192.168.0.20 \
               netmask 0xffffff00 ssid my_net

     Join a specific BSS network with 40-bit WEP encryption:

           ifconfig wlan create wlandev ral0 inet 192.168.0.20 \
               netmask 0xffffff00 ssid my_net \
               wepmode on wepkey 0x1234567890 weptxkey 1

     Join a specific BSS network with 104-bit WEP encryption:

           ifconfig wlan create wlandev ral0 inet 192.168.0.20 \
               netmask 0xffffff00 ssid my_net \
               wepmode on wepkey 0x01020304050607080910111213 weptxkey 1

DIAGNOSTICS

     ral%d: could not load 8051 microcode  An error occurred while attempting to upload the
     microcode to the onboard 8051 microcontroller unit.

     ral%d: timeout waiting for MCU to initialize  The onboard 8051 microcontroller unit failed
     to initialize in time.

     ral%d: device timeout  A frame dispatched to the hardware for transmission did not complete
     in time.  The driver will reset the hardware.  This should not happen.

SEE ALSO

     cardbus(4), intro(4), wlan(4), wlan_ccmp(4), wlan_tkip(4), wlan_wep(4), wlan_xauth(4),
     hostapd(8), ifconfig(8), wpa_supplicant(8)

     Ralink Technology, http://www.ralinktech.com/.

HISTORY

     The ral driver first appeared in OpenBSD 3.7.  Support for the RT2501 and RT2600 chipsets
     was added in OpenBSD 3.9.  Support for the RT2800 chipset was added in OpenBSD 4.3.  Support
     for the RT2700 chipset was added in OpenBSD 4.4.  Support for the RT3090 chipset was added
     in OpenBSD 4.9.

AUTHORS

     The original ral driver was written by Damien Bergamini <damien@openbsd.org>.

CAVEATS

     The ral driver does not make use of the hardware cryptographic engine.

     The ral driver does not support any of the 802.11n capabilities offered by the RT2700 and
     RT2800 chipsets.  Additional work is required in before those features can be supported.

     Host AP mode does not support power saving.  Clients attempting to use power saving mode may
     experience significant packet loss (disabling power saving on the client will fix this).

     Some PCI ral adapters strictly require a system supporting PCI 2.2 or greater.  Check the
     board's PCI version before purchasing the card as it is likely these adapters will not work
     in systems based on older revisions of the PCI specification.