Provided by: slapd_2.6.8+dfsg-1~exp4ubuntu1_amd64 
NAME
slapo-pcache - proxy cache overlay to slapd
SYNOPSIS
/etc/ldap/slapd.conf
DESCRIPTION
The pcache overlay to slapd(8) allows caching of LDAP search requests (queries) in a local
database. For an incoming query, the proxy cache determines its corresponding template.
If the template was specified as cacheable using the pcacheTemplate directive and the
request is contained in a cached request, it is answered from the proxy cache. Otherwise,
the search is performed as usual and cacheable search results are saved in the cache for
use in future queries.
A template is defined by a filter string and an index identifying a set of attributes. The
template string for a query can be obtained by removing assertion values from the RFC 4515
representation of its search filter. A query belongs to a template if its template string
and set of projected attributes correspond to a cacheable template. Examples of template
strings are (mail=), (|(sn=)(cn=)), (&(sn=)(givenName=)).
The config directives that are specific to the pcache overlay can be prefixed by pcache-,
to avoid conflicts with directives specific to the underlying database or to other stacked
overlays. This may be particularly useful for those directives that refer to the backend
used for local storage. The following cache specific directives can be used to configure
the proxy cache:
overlay pcache
This directive adds the proxy cache overlay to the current backend. The proxy cache
overlay may be used with any backend but is intended for use with the ldap, meta,
and sql backends. Please note that the underlying backend must have a configured
rootdn.
pcache <database> <max_entries> <numattrsets> <entry_limit> <cc_period>
The directive enables proxy caching in the current backend and sets general cache
parameters. A <database> backend will be used internally to maintain the cached
entries. The chosen database will need to be configured as well, as shown below.
Cache replacement is invoked when the cache size grows to <max_entries> entries and
continues till the cache size drops below this size. <numattrsets> should be equal
to the number of following pcacheAttrset directives. Queries are cached only if
they correspond to a cacheable template (specified by the pcacheTemplate directive)
and the number of entries returned is less than <entry_limit>. Consistency check is
performed every <cc_period> duration (specified in secs). In each cycle queries
with expired "time to live(TTL)" are removed. A sample cache configuration is:
pcache mdb 10000 1 50 100
pcacheAttrset <index> <attrs...>
Used to associate a set of attributes <attrs..> with an <index>. Each attribute set
is associated with an integer from 0 to <numattrsets>-1. These indices are used by
the pcacheTemplate directive to define cacheable templates. A set of attributes
cannot be empty. A set of attributes can contain the special attributes "*" (all
user attributes), "+" (all operational attributes) or both; in the latter case, any
other attribute is redundant and should be avoided for clarity. A set of
attributes can contain "1.1" as the only attribute; in this case, only the presence
of the entries is cached. Attributes prefixed by "undef:" need not be present in
the schema. The "undef" keyword cannot be used with the slapd-mdb(5) backend as it
requires all schema elements be fully defined.
pcacheMaxQueries <queries>
Specify the maximum number of queries to cache. The default is 10000.
pcacheValidate { TRUE | FALSE }
Check whether the results of a query being cached can actually be returned from the
cache by the proxy DSA. When enabled, the entries being returned while caching the
results of a query are checked to ensure consistency with the schema known to the
proxy DSA. In case of failure, the query is not cached. By default, the check is
off.
pcacheOffline { TRUE | FALSE }
Set the cache to offline mode. While offline, the consistency checker will be
stopped and no expirations will occur. This allows the cache contents to be used
indefinitely while the proxy is cut off from network access to the remote DSA. The
default is FALSE, i.e. consistency checks and expirations will be performed.
pcachePersist { TRUE | FALSE }
Specify whether the cached queries should be saved across restarts of the caching
proxy, to provide hot startup of the cache. Only non-expired queries are reloaded.
The default is FALSE.
CAVEAT: of course, the configuration of the proxy cache must not change across
restarts; the pcache overlay does not perform any consistency checks in this sense.
In detail, this option should be disabled unless the existing pcacheAttrset and
pcacheTemplate directives are not changed neither in order nor in contents. If new
sets and templates are added, or if other details of the pcache overlay
configuration changed, this feature should not be affected.
pcacheTemplate <template_string> <attrset_index> <ttl> [<negttl> [<limitttl> [<ttr>]]]
Specifies a cacheable template and "time to live" <ttl> of queries belonging to the
template. An optional <negttl> can be used to specify that negative results (i.e.,
queries that returned zero entries) should also be cached for the specified amount
of time. Negative results are not cached by default (<negttl> set to 0). An
optional <limitttl> can be used to specify that results hitting a sizelimit should
also be cached for the specified amount of time. Results hitting a sizelimit are
not cached by default (<limitttl> set to 0). An optional <ttr> "time to refresh"
can be used to specify that cached entries should be automatically refreshed after
a certain time. Entries will only be refreshed while they have not expired, so the
<ttl> should be larger than the <ttr> for this option to be useful. Entries are not
refreshed by default (<ttr> set to 0).
pcacheBind <filter_template> <attrset_index> <ttr> <scope> <base>
Specifies a template for caching Simple Bind credentials based on an already
defined pcacheTemplate. The <filter_template> is similar to a <template_string>
except that it may have some values present. Its purpose is to allow the overlay to
generate filters similar to what other applications do when they do a Search
immediately before a Bind. E.g., if a client like nss_ldap is configured to search
for a user with the filter "(&(objectClass=posixAccount)(uid=<username>))" then the
corresponding template "(&(objectClass=posixAccount)(uid=))" should be used here.
When converted to a regular template e.g. "(&(objectClass=)(uid=))" this template
and the <attrset_index> must match an already defined pcacheTemplate clause. The
"time to refresh" <ttr> determines the time interval after which the cached
credentials may be refreshed. The first Bind request that occurs after that time
will trigger the refresh attempt. Refreshes are not performed when the overlay is
Offline. There is no "time to live" parameter for the Bind credentials; the
credentials will expire according to the pcacheTemplate ttl. The <scope> and <base>
should match the search scope and base used by the authentication clients. The
cached credentials are not stored in cleartext, they are hashed using the default
password hash. By default Bind caching is not enabled.
pcachePosition { head | tail }
Specifies whether the response callback should be placed at the tail (the default)
or at the head (actually, wherever the stacking sequence would make it appear) of
the callback list. This affects how the overlay interacts with other overlays,
since the proxycache overlay should be executed as early as possible (and thus
configured as late as possible), to get a chance to return the cached results;
however, if executed early at response, it would cache entries that may be later
"massaged" by other databases and thus returned after massaging the first time, and
before massaging when cached.
There are some constraints:
all values must be positive;
<entry_limit> must be less than or equal to <max_entries>;
<numattrsets> attribute sets SHOULD be defined by using the directive
pcacheAttrset;
all attribute sets SHOULD be referenced by (at least) one pcacheTemplate directive;
The following adds a template with filter string (&(sn=)(givenName=)) and attributes mail,
postaladdress, telephonenumber and a TTL of 1 hour.
pcacheAttrset 0 mail postaladdress telephonenumber
pcacheTemplate (&(sn=)(givenName=)) 0 3600
Directives for configuring the underlying database must also be given, as shown here:
directory /var/tmp/cache
maxsize 1073741824
Any valid directives for the chosen database type may be used. Indexing should be used as
appropriate for the queries being handled. In addition, an equality index on the
pcacheQueryid attribute should be configured, to assist in the removal of expired query
data.
BACKWARD COMPATIBILITY
The configuration keywords have been renamed and the older form is deprecated. These older
keywords are still recognized but may disappear in future releases.
proxycache
use pcache
proxyattrset
use pcacheAttrset
proxycachequeries
use pcacheMaxQueries
proxycheckcacheability
use pcacheValidate
proxysavequeries
use pcachePersist
proxytemplate
use pcacheTemplate
response-callback
use pcachePosition
CAVEATS
Caching data is prone to inconsistencies because updates on the remote server will not be
reflected in the response of the cache at least (and at most) for the duration of the
pcacheTemplate TTL. These inconsistencies can be minimized by careful use of the TTR.
The proxy cache overlay requires a full result set of data to properly function. Therefore
it will strip out the paged results control if it is requested by the client.
The remote server should expose the objectClass attribute because the underlying database
that actually caches the entries may need it for optimal local processing of the queries.
The proxy server should contain all the schema information required for caching.
Significantly, it needs the schema of attributes used in the query templates. If the
objectClass attribute is used in a query template, it needs the definition of the
objectClasses of the entries it is supposed to cache. It is the responsibility of the
proxy administrator to keep the proxy schema lined up with that of the proxied server.
Another potential (and subtle) inconsistency may occur when data is retrieved with
different identities and specific per-identity access control is enforced by the remote
server. If data was retrieved with an identity that collected only partial results
because of access rules enforcement on the remote server, other users with different
access privileges on the remote server will get different results from the remote server
and from the cache. If those users have higher access privileges on the remote server,
they will get from the cache only a subset of the results they would get directly from the
remote server; but if they have lower access privileges, they will get from the cache a
superset of the results they would get directly from the remote server. Either occurrence
may or may not be acceptable, based on the security policy of the cache and of the remote
server. It is important to note that in this case the proxy is violating the security of
the remote server by disclosing to an identity data that was collected by another
identity. For this reason, it is suggested that, when using back-ldap, proxy caching be
used in conjunction with the identity assertion feature of slapd-ldap(5) (see the
idassert-bind and the idassert-authz statements), so that remote server interrogation
occurs with a vanilla identity that has some relatively high search and read access
privileges, and the "real" access control is delegated to the proxy's ACLs. Beware that
since only the cached fraction of the real datum is available to the cache, it may not be
possible to enforce the same access rules that are defined on the remote server. When
security is a concern, cached proxy access must be carefully tailored.
FILES
/etc/ldap/slapd.conf
default slapd configuration file
SEE ALSO
slapd.conf(5), slapd-config(5), slapd-ldap(5), slapd-meta(5), slapd-sql(5), slapd(8).
AUTHOR
Originally implemented by Apurva Kumar as an extension to back-meta; turned into an
overlay by Howard Chu.