NAME

       PIE - Proportional Integral controller-Enhanced AQM algorithm

SYNOPSIS

       tc  qdisc  ...  pie [ limit PACKETS ] [ target TIME ] [ tupdate TIME ] [ alpha int ] [ beta int ] [ ecn |
       noecn ] [ bytemode | nobytemode ] [ dq_rate_estimator | no_dq_rate_estimator ]

DESCRIPTION

       Proportional Integral controller-Enhanced (PIE) is a control theoretic active queue management scheme. It
       is based on the proportional integral controller but aims to control delay. The main design goals are
        o Low latency control
        o High link utilization
        o Simple implementation
        o Guaranteed stability and fast responsiveness

ALGORITHM

       PIE  is  designed  to control delay effectively. First, an average dequeue rate is estimated based on the
       standing queue. The rate is used to calculate the current delay. Then, on a periodic basis, the delay  is
       used to calculate the dropping probability. Finally, on arrival, a packet is dropped (or marked) based on
       this probability.

       PIE makes adjustments to the probability based on the trend of the delay i.e.  whether it is going up  or
       down.The delay converges quickly to the target value specified.

       alpha  and  beta  are  statically chosen parameters chosen to control the drop probability growth and are
       determined through control theoretic approaches. alpha determines how the deviation between  the  current
       and  target  latency  changes  probability.  beta  exerts additional adjustments depending on the latency
       trend.

       The drop probability is used to mark packets in ecn mode. However, as in  RED,  beyond  10%  packets  are
       dropped based on this probability. The bytemode is used to drop packets proportional to the packet size.

       Additional details can be found in the paper cited below.

PARAMETERS

   limit
       limit  on  the queue size in packets. Incoming packets are dropped when this limit is reached. Default is
       1000 packets.

   target
       is the expected queue delay. The default target delay is 15ms.

   tupdate
       is the frequency at which the system drop probability is calculated. The default is 15ms.

   alpha
   beta
       alpha and beta are parameters chosen to control the drop  probability.  These  should  be  in  the  range
       between 0 and 32.

   ecn | noecn
       is  used  to  mark  packets instead of dropping.  ecn to turn on ecn mode, noecn to turn off ecn mode. By
       default, ecn is turned off.

   bytemode | nobytemode
       is used to scale drop probability proportional to packet size.  bytemode to turn on bytemode,  nobytemode
       to turn off bytemode. By default, bytemode is turned off.

   dq_rate_estimator | no_dq_rate_estimator
       is  used  to  calculate  delay  using  Little's  law.   dq_rate_estimator  to  turn on dq_rate_estimator,
       no_dq_rate_estimator to turn off no_dq_rate_estimator. By default, dq_rate_estimator is turned off.

EXAMPLES

        # tc qdisc add dev eth0 root pie
        # tc -s qdisc show
          qdisc pie 8036: dev eth0 root refcnt 2 limit 1000p target 15.0ms tupdate 16.0ms alpha 2 beta 20
           Sent 31216108 bytes 20800 pkt (dropped 80, overlimits 0 requeues 0)
           backlog 16654b 11p requeues 0
            prob 0.006161 delay 15666us
            pkts_in 20811 overlimit 0 dropped 80 maxq 50 ecn_mark 0

        # tc qdisc add dev eth0 root pie dq_rate_estimator
        # tc -s qdisc show
          qdisc pie 8036: dev eth0 root refcnt 2 limit 1000p target 15.0ms tupdate 16.0ms alpha 2 beta 20
           Sent 63947420 bytes 42414 pkt (dropped 41, overlimits 0 requeues 0)
           backlog 271006b 179p requeues 0
            prob 0.000092 delay 22200us avg_dq_rate 12145996
            pkts_in 41 overlimit 343 dropped 0 maxq 50 ecn_mark 0

        # tc qdisc add dev eth0 root pie limit 100 target 20ms tupdate 30ms ecn
        # tc -s qdisc show
          qdisc pie 8036: dev eth0 root refcnt 2 limit 100p target 20.0ms tupdate 32.0ms alpha 2 beta 20 ecn
           Sent 6591724 bytes 4442 pkt (dropped 27, overlimits 0 requeues 0)
           backlog 18168b 12p requeues 0
            prob 0.008845 delay 11348us
            pkts_in 4454 overlimit 0 dropped 27 maxq 65 ecn_mark 0

        # tc qdisc add dev eth0 root pie limit 100 target 50ms tupdate 30ms bytemode
        # tc -s qdisc show
          qdisc pie 8036: dev eth0 root refcnt 2 limit 100p  target  50.0ms  tupdate  32.0ms  alpha  2  beta  20
       bytemode
           Sent 1616274 bytes 1137 pkt (dropped 0, overlimits 0 requeues 0)
           backlog 13626b 9p requeues 0
            prob 0.000000 delay 0us
            pkts_in 1146 overlimit 0 dropped 0 maxq 23 ecn_mark 0

SEE ALSO

       tc(8), tc-codel(8) tc-red(8)

SOURCES

        o RFC 8033: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8033

AUTHORS

       PIE  was  implemented  by Vijay Subramanian and Mythili Prabhu, also the authors of this man page. Please
       report bugs and corrections to the Linux networking development mailing list at <netdev@vger.kernel.org>.