NAME

       losetup - set up and control loop devices

SYNOPSIS

       Get info:

       losetup [loopdev]

       losetup -l [-a]

       losetup -j file [-o offset]

       Detach a loop device:

       losetup -d loopdev ...

       Detach all associated loop devices:

       losetup -D

       Set up a loop device:

       losetup [-o offset] [--sizelimit size] [--sector-size size] [--loop-ref name] [-Pr] [--show] -f|loopdev
       file

       Resize a loop device:

       losetup -c loopdev

DESCRIPTION

       losetup is used to associate loop devices with regular files or block devices, to detach loop devices,
       and to query the status of a loop device. If only the loopdev argument is given, the status of the
       corresponding loop device is shown. If no option is given, all loop devices are shown.

       Note that the old output format (i.e., losetup -a) with comma-delimited strings is deprecated in favour
       of the --list output format.

       It’s possible to create more independent loop devices for the same backing file. This setup may be
       dangerous, can cause data loss, corruption and overwrites. Use --nooverlap with --find during setup to
       avoid this problem.

       The loop device setup is not an atomic operation when used with --find, and losetup does not protect this
       operation by any lock. The number of attempts is internally restricted to a maximum of 16. It is
       recommended to use for example flock(1) to avoid a collision in heavily parallel use cases.

OPTIONS

       The size and offset arguments may be followed by the multiplicative suffixes KiB (=1024), MiB
       (=1024*1024), and so on for GiB, TiB, PiB, EiB, ZiB and YiB (the "iB" is optional, e.g., "K" has the same
       meaning as "KiB") or the suffixes KB (=1000), MB (=1000*1000), and so on for GB, TB, PB, EB, ZB and YB.

       -a, --all
           Show the status of all loop devices. Note that not all information is accessible for non-root users.
           See also --list. The old output format (as printed without --list) is deprecated.

       -d, --detach loopdev...
           Detach the file or device associated with the specified loop device(s). Note that since Linux v3.7
           kernel uses "lazy device destruction". The detach operation does not return EBUSY error anymore if
           device is actively used by system, but it is marked by autoclear flag and destroyed later.

       -D, --detach-all
           Detach all associated loop devices.

       -f, --find [file]
           Find the first unused loop device. If a file argument is present, use the found device as loop
           device. Otherwise, just print its name.

       --show
           Display the name of the assigned loop device if the -f option and a file argument are present.

       -L, --nooverlap
           Check for conflicts between loop devices to avoid situation when the same backing file is shared
           between more loop devices. If the file is already used by another device then re-use the device
           rather than a new one. The option makes sense only with --find.

       -j, --associated file [-o offset]
           Show the status of all loop devices associated with the given file.

       -o, --offset offset
           The data start is moved offset bytes into the specified file or device. The offset may be followed by
           the multiplicative suffixes; see above.

       --loop-ref string
           Set reference string. The backwardly compatible default is to use the backing filename as a reference
           in loop setup ioctl (aka lo_file_name). This option can overwrite this default behavior and set the
           reference to the string. The reference may be used by udevd in /dev/loop/by-ref. Linux kernel does
           not use the reference at all, but it could be used by some old utils that cannot read the backing
           file from sysfs. The reference is readable only for the root user (see --output +REF) and it is
           restricted to 64 bytes.

       --sizelimit size
           The data end is set to no more than size bytes after the data start. The size may be followed by the
           multiplicative suffixes; see above.

       -b, --sector-size size
           Set the logical sector size of the loop device in bytes (since Linux 4.14). The option may be used
           when creating a new loop device as well as a stand-alone command to modify sector size of the already
           existing loop device.

       -c, --set-capacity loopdev
           Force the loop driver to reread the size of the file associated with the specified loop device.

       -P, --partscan
           Force the kernel to scan the partition table on a newly created loop device. Note that the partition
           table parsing depends on sector sizes. The default is sector size is 512 bytes, otherwise you need to
           use the option --sector-size together with --partscan.

       -r, --read-only
           Set up a read-only loop device.

       --direct-io[=on|off]
           Enable or disable direct I/O for the backing file. The default is off. Specifying either --direct-io
           or --direct-io=on will enable it. But, --direct-io=off can be provided to explicitly turn it off.

       -v, --verbose
           Verbose mode.

       -l, --list
           If a loop device or the -a option is specified, print the default columns for either the specified
           loop device or all loop devices; the default is to print info about all devices. See also --output,
           --noheadings, --raw, and --json.

       -O, --output column[,column]...
           Specify the columns that are to be printed for the --list output. Use --help to get a list of all
           supported columns.

       --output-all
           Output all available columns.

       -n, --noheadings
           Don’t print headings for --list output format.

       --raw
           Use the raw --list output format.

       -J, --json
           Use JSON format for --list output.

ENCRYPTION

       Cryptoloop is no longer supported in favor of dm-crypt. For more details see cryptsetup(8).

EXIT STATUS

       losetup returns 0 on success, nonzero on failure. When losetup displays the status of a loop device, it
       returns 1 if the device is not configured and 2 if an error occurred which prevented determining the
       status of the device.

NOTES

       Since version 2.37 losetup uses LOOP_CONFIGURE ioctl to setup a new loop device by one ioctl call. The
       old versions use LOOP_SET_FD and LOOP_SET_STATUS64 ioctls to do the same.

ENVIRONMENT

       LOOPDEV_DEBUG=all
           enables debug output.

FILES

       /dev/loop[0..N]
           loop block devices

       /dev/loop-control
           loop control device

EXAMPLE

       The following commands can be used as an example of using the loop device.

           # dd if=/dev/zero of=~/file.img bs=1024k count=10
           # losetup --find --show ~/file.img
           /dev/loop0
           # mkfs -t ext2 /dev/loop0
           # mount /dev/loop0 /mnt
           ...
           # umount /dev/loop0
           # losetup --detach /dev/loop0

AUTHORS

       Karel Zak <kzak@redhat.com>, based on the original version from Theodore Ts’o <tytso@athena.mit.edu>.

REPORTING BUGS

       For bug reports, use the issue tracker at https://github.com/util-linux/util-linux/issues.

AVAILABILITY

       The losetup command is part of the util-linux package which can be downloaded from Linux Kernel Archive
       <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>.