Provided by: cifs-utils_7.0-2.1_amd64 bug

NAME

       mount.cifs, mount.smb3 - mount using the Common Internet File System (CIFS)

SYNOPSIS

          mount.cifs {service} {mount-point} [-o options]

       This tool is part of the cifs-utils suite.

       mount.cifs  mounts  a CIFS or SMB3 filesystem from Linux. It is usually invoked indirectly
       by the mount(8) command when using the "-t cifs" option. This command only works in Linux,
       and the kernel must support the cifs filesystem. The SMB3 protocol is the successor to the
       CIFS (SMB) protocol and is supported by most Windows servers, Azure (cloud storage),  Macs
       and  many  other  commercial servers and Network Attached Storage appliances as well as by
       the popular Open Source server Samba.

       mount.smb3 mounts only SMB3 filesystem. It is usually invoked indirectly by  the  mount(8)
       command  when  using  the  "-t  smb3"  option.   The  smb3  filesystem  type  was added in
       kernel-4.18 and above.  It works in a similar  fashion  as  mount.cifs  except  it  passes
       filesystem type as smb3.

       The  mount.cifs  utility  attaches  the  UNC name (exported network resource) specified as
       service (using //server/share syntax, where "server" is the server name or IP address  and
       "share" is the name of the share) to the local directory mount-point.

       Options  to  mount.cifs  are specified as a comma-separated list of key=value pairs. It is
       possible to send options other than those listed here, assuming that the  cifs  filesystem
       kernel  module (cifs.ko) supports them. Unrecognized cifs mount options passed to the cifs
       vfs kernel code will be logged to the kernel log.

       mount.cifs causes the cifs vfs to launch a thread named cifsd.  After  mounting  it  keeps
       running until the mounted resource is unmounted (usually via the umount utility).

       mount.cifs -V command displays the version of cifs mount helper.

       modinfo cifs command displays the version of cifs module.

OPTIONS

       username=arg|user=arg
              specifies  the  username  to connect as. If this is not given, then the environment
              variable USER is used.

              Earlier versions of mount.cifs also allowed  one  to  specify  the  username  in  a
              user%password  or  workgroup/user  or workgroup/user%password to allow the password
              and workgroup to be specified as part of the username. Support for those  alternate
              username  formats  is now deprecated and should no longer be used. Users should use
              the discrete password= and domain= to specify those values. While some versions  of
              the cifs kernel module accept user= as an abbreviation for this option, its use can
              confuse the standard mount program into  thinking  that  this  is  a  non-superuser
              mount. It is therefore recommended to use the full username= option name.

       password=arg|pass=arg
              specifies  the  CIFS  password.  If  this  option is not given then the environment
              variable PASSWD is used. If the password is not specified  directly  or  indirectly
              via  an  argument to mount, mount.cifs will prompt for a password, unless the guest
              option is specified.

              Note that a password which contains the delimiter character (i.e. a comma ',') will
              fail to be parsed correctly on the command line. However, the same password defined
              in the PASSWD environment variable or via a credentials file (see below) or entered
              at the password prompt will be read correctly.

       credentials=filename|cred=filename
              specifies  a  file that contains a username and/or password and optionally the name
              of the workgroup. The format of the file is:

                 username=value
                 password=value
                 domain=value

              This is preferred over having passwords in plaintext in  a  shared  file,  such  as
              /etc/fstab . Be sure to protect any credentials file properly.

       uid=arg
              sets  the uid that will own all files or directories on the mounted filesystem when
              the server does not provide ownership information. It may be specified as either  a
              username or a numeric uid. When not specified, the default is uid 0. The mount.cifs
              helper must be at  version  1.10  or  higher  to  support  specifying  the  uid  in
              non-numeric  form.  See the section on FILE AND DIRECTORY OWNERSHIP AND PERMISSIONS
              below for more information.

       forceuid
              instructs the client to ignore any  uid  provided  by  the  server  for  files  and
              directories  and to always assign the owner to be the value of the uid= option. See
              the section on  FILE  AND  DIRECTORY  OWNERSHIP  AND  PERMISSIONS  below  for  more
              information.

       cruid=arg
              sets  the  uid of the owner of the credentials cache. This is primarily useful with
              sec=krb5. The default is the real uid of the process performing the mount.  Setting
              this  parameter  directs  the  upcall to look for a credentials cache owned by that
              user.

       gid=arg
              sets the gid that will own all files or directories on the mounted filesystem  when
              the  server does not provide ownership information. It may be specified as either a
              groupname or a numeric  gid.  When  not  specified,  the  default  is  gid  0.  The
              mount.cifs  helper  must be at version 1.10 or higher to support specifying the gid
              in  non-numeric  form.  See  the  section  on  FILE  AND  DIRECTORY  OWNERSHIP  AND
              PERMISSIONS below for more information.

       forcegid
              instructs  the  client  to  ignore  any  gid  provided  by the server for files and
              directories and to always assign the owner to be the value of the gid= option.  See
              the  section  on  FILE  AND  DIRECTORY  OWNERSHIP  AND  PERMISSIONS  below for more
              information.

       idsfromsid
              Extract uid/gid from special SID instead of mapping it. See the section on FILE AND
              DIRECTORY OWNERSHIP AND PERMISSIONS below for more information.

       port=arg
              sets  the  port number on which the client will attempt to contact the CIFS server.
              If this value is specified, look for an existing connection with this port, and use
              that  if  one  exists. If one doesn't exist, try to create a new connection on that
              port. If that connection fails, return an error. If  this  value  isn't  specified,
              look  for  an existing connection on port 445 or 139. If no such connection exists,
              try to connect on port 445 first and then port 139 if that fails. Return  an  error
              if both fail.

       netbiosname=arg
              When  mounting to servers via port 139, specifies the RFC1001 source name to use to
              represent the client netbios machine during the netbios session initialization.

       servern=arg
              Similar to netbiosname except it specifies the netbios name of the  server  instead
              of the client. Although rarely needed for mounting to newer servers, this option is
              needed for mounting to some older servers (such as OS/2 or Windows 98  and  Windows
              ME)  since  when  connecting  over port 139 they, unlike most newer servers, do not
              support a default server name. A server name can be up to 15 characters long and is
              usually uppercased.

       file_mode=arg
              If  the server does not support the CIFS Unix extensions this overrides the default
              file mode.

       dir_mode=arg
              If the server does not support the CIFS Unix extensions this overrides the  default
              mode for directories.

       ip=arg|addr=arg
              sets  the  destination  IP  address. This option is set automatically if the server
              name portion of the requested UNC name can  be  resolved  so  rarely  needs  to  be
              specified by the user.

       domain=arg|dom=arg|workgroup=arg
              Sets  the domain (workgroup) of the user. If no domains are given, the empty domain
              will be used. Use domainauto to automatically guess the domain of  the  server  you
              are connecting to.

       domainauto
              When  using  NTLM  authentication  and not providing a domain via domain, guess the
              domain from the server NTLM challenge.  This behavior used to  be  the  default  on
              kernels older than 2.6.36.

       guest  don't prompt for a password.

       iocharset
              Charset  used  to  convert local path names to and from Unicode. Unicode is used by
              default for network path names if the server  supports  it.  If  iocharset  is  not
              specified  then the nls_default specified during the local client kernel build will
              be used. If server does not support Unicode, this parameter is unused.

       ro     mount read-only.

       rw     mount read-write.

       setuids
              If the CIFS Unix extensions are negotiated with the server the client will  attempt
              to  set  the  effective  uid  and  gid of the local process on newly created files,
              directories, and devices (create, mkdir, mknod). If the CIFS  Unix  Extensions  are
              not  negotiated,  for  newly  created  files  and  directories instead of using the
              default uid and gid specified on the the mount, cache the new file's  uid  and  gid
              locally which means that the uid for the file can change when the inode is reloaded
              (or the user remounts the share).

       nosetuids
              The client will not attempt to set the uid and  gid  on  on  newly  created  files,
              directories,  and  devices  (create,  mkdir, mknod) which will result in the server
              setting the uid and gid to the default (usually the server  uid  of  the  user  who
              mounted the share). Letting the server (rather than the client) set the uid and gid
              is the default. If the CIFS Unix Extensions are not negotiated then the uid and gid
              for  new  files  will  appear  to  be the uid (gid) of the mounter or the uid (gid)
              parameter specified on the mount.

       perm   Client does permission checks (vfs_permission check of uid  and  gid  of  the  file
              against  the  mode  and  desired  operation),  Note that this is in addition to the
              normal ACL check on  the  target  machine  done  by  the  server  software.  Client
              permission checking is enabled by default.

       noperm Client does not do permission checks. This can expose files on this mount to access
              by other users on the local client system. It is typically  only  needed  when  the
              server supports the CIFS Unix Extensions but the UIDs/GIDs on the client and server
              system do not match closely enough to allow access by the  user  doing  the  mount.
              Note  that  this does not affect the normal ACL check on the target machine done by
              the server software (of the server ACL against the  user  name  provided  at  mount
              time).

       dynperm
              Instructs  the server to maintain ownership and permissions in memory that can't be
              stored on the server. This information can disappear  at  any  time  (whenever  the
              inode  is  flushed  from  the cache), so while this may help make some applications
              work, it's behavior is somewhat unreliable. See  the  section  below  on  FILE  AND
              DIRECTORY OWNERSHIP AND PERMISSIONS for more information.

       cache=arg
              Cache  mode.  See  the section below on CACHE COHERENCY for details. Allowed values
              are:

              • none - do not cache file data at all

              • strict - follow the CIFS/SMB2 protocol strictly

              • loose - allow loose caching semantics

              The default in kernels prior to 3.7 was loose. As of  kernel  3.7  the  default  is
              strict.

       nostrictsync
              Do  not  ask  the  server  to  flush on fsync().  Some servers perform non-buffered
              writes by default in which case flushing is redundant. In workloads where a  client
              is  performing  a lot of small write + fsync combinations and where network latency
              is much higher than the server latency, this brings a 2x  performance  improvement.
              This  option  is  also a good candidate in scenarios where we want performance over
              consistency.

       handlecache
              (default) In SMB2 and above, the client often has to open the  root  of  the  share
              (empty  path)  in  various places during mount, path revalidation and the statfs(2)
              system call. This option cuts redundant round trip traffic (opens  and  closes)  by
              simply keeping the directory handle for the root around once opened.

       nohandlecache
              Disable caching of the share root directory handle.

       handletimeout=arg
              The  time  (in milliseconds) for which the server should reserve the handle after a
              failover waiting for the client to reconnect.  When mounting with  resilienthandles
              or  persistenthandles  mount  option,  or when their use is requested by the server
              (continuous availability shares) then this parameter overrides the  server  default
              handle timeout (which for most servers is 120 seconds).

       rwpidforward
              Forward  pid  of a process who opened a file to any read or write operation on that
              file. This prevent applications like wine(1) from failing on read and write  if  we
              use mandatory brlock style.

       mapchars
              Translate  six  of  the seven reserved characters (not backslash, but including the
              colon, question mark, pipe, asterik, greater than and less than characters) to  the
              remap  range  (above  0xF000), which also allows the CIFS client to recognize files
              created with such characters by Windows's Services for Mac. This can also be useful
              when  mounting  to  most versions of Samba (which also forbids creating and opening
              files whose names contain any of these seven characters). This has no effect if the
              server  does  not  support  Unicode on the wire. Please note that the files created
              with mapchars mount option may not be accessible if the share  is  mounted  without
              that option.

       nomapchars
              (default) Do not translate any of these seven characters.

       mapposix
              Translate  reserved  characters  similarly  to  mapchars  but  use the mapping from
              Microsoft "Services For Unix".

       intr   currently unimplemented.

       nointr (default) currently unimplemented.

       hard   The program accessing a file on the cifs mounted file system  will  hang  when  the
              server crashes.

       soft   (default)  The  program  accessing  a file on the cifs mounted file system will not
              hang when the server crashes and will return errors to the user application.

       noacl  Do not allow POSIX ACL operations even if server would support them.

              The CIFS client can get and set POSIX ACLs  (getfacl,  setfacl)  to  Samba  servers
              version  3.0.10 and later. Setting POSIX ACLs requires enabling both CIFS_XATTR and
              then CIFS_POSIX support in the CIFS configuration options when  building  the  cifs
              module.  POSIX ACL support can be disabled on a per mount basis by specifying noacl
              on mount.

       cifsacl
              This option is used to map CIFS/NTFS ACLs to/from Linux permission bits,  map  SIDs
              to/from UIDs and GIDs, and get and set Security Descriptors.

              See  section  on  CIFS/NTFS ACL, SID/UID/GID MAPPING, SECURITY DESCRIPTORS for more
              information.

       backupuid=arg
              File access by this user shall be done with the backup intent flag  set.  Either  a
              name or an id must be provided as an argument, there are no default values.

              See section ACCESSING FILES WITH BACKUP INTENT for more details.

       backupgid=arg
              File  access  by  users who are members of this group shall be done with the backup
              intent flag set. Either a name or an id must be provided as an argument, there  are
              no default values.

              See section ACCESSING FILES WITH BACKUP INTENT for more details.

       nocase Request  case  insensitive path name matching (case sensitive is the default if the
              server supports it).

       ignorecase
              Synonym for nocase.

       sec=arg
              Security mode. Allowed values are:

              • none - attempt to connection as a null user (no name)

              • krb5 - Use Kerberos version 5 authentication

              • krb5i - Use Kerberos authentication and forcibly enable packet signing

              • ntlm - Use NTLM password hashing

              • ntlmi - Use NTLM password hashing and force packet signing

              • ntlmv2 - Use NTLMv2 password hashing

              • ntlmv2i - Use NTLMv2 password hashing and force packet signing

              • ntlmssp - Use NTLMv2 password hashing encapsulated in Raw NTLMSSP message

              • ntlmsspi - Use NTLMv2 password hashing encapsulated in Raw NTLMSSP  message,  and
                force packet signing

              The  default  in  mainline kernel versions prior to v3.8 was sec=ntlm. In v3.8, the
              default was changed to sec=ntlmssp.

              If the server requires signing during protocol negotiation, then it may be  enabled
              automatically.  Packet signing may also be enabled automatically if it's enabled in
              /proc/fs/cifs/SecurityFlags.

       seal   Request encryption at the SMB layer. The encryption algorithm used is  AES-128-CCM.
              Requires SMB3 or above (see vers).

       rdma   Connect  directly  to the server using SMB Direct via a RDMA adapter. Requires SMB3
              or above (see vers).

       resilienthandles
              Enable resilient handles. If the server  supports  it,  keep  opened  files  across
              reconnections. Requires SMB2.1 (see vers).

       noresilienthandles
              (default) Disable resilient handles.

       persistenthandles
              Enable  persistent  handles.  If  the  server supports it, keep opened files across
              reconnections. Persistent handles are also valid across servers in  a  cluster  and
              have stronger guarantees than resilient handles. Requires SMB3 or above (see vers).

       nopersistenthandles
              (default) Disable persistent handles.

       snapshot=time
              Mount  a  specific  snapshot  of  the remote share. time must be a positive integer
              identifying the snapshot requested (in 100-nanosecond units that have elapsed since
              January  1,  1601,  or  alternatively  it  can  be  specified  in  GMT  format e.g.
              @GMT-2019.03.27-20.52.19). Supported in the Linux kernel starting from v4.19.

       nobrl  Do not send byte range lock requests to the server. This is necessary  for  certain
              applications  that  break with cifs style mandatory byte range locks (and most cifs
              servers do not yet support requesting advisory byte range locks).

       forcemandatorylock
              Do not use POSIX locks even when available via unix  extensions.  Always  use  cifs
              style mandatory locks.

       locallease
              Check cached leases locally instead of querying the server.

       nolease
              Do  not  request  lease/oplock  when  openning a file on the server. This turns off
              local caching of IO, byte-range lock and read metadata operations (see actimeo  for
              more details about metadata caching). Requires SMB2 and above (see vers).

       sfu    When  the CIFS or SMB3 Unix Extensions are not negotiated, attempt to create device
              files and fifos in a format compatible with Services for Unix  (SFU).  In  addition
              retrieve  bits  10-12  of  the  mode via the SETFILEBITS extended attribute (as SFU
              does). In the future the bottom 9 bits of the mode mode also will be emulated using
              queries  of  the  security descriptor (ACL). [NB: requires version 1.39 or later of
              the CIFS VFS. To recognize symlinks and be  able  to  create  symlinks  in  an  SFU
              interoperable form requires version 1.40 or later of the CIFS VFS kernel module.

       mfsymlinks
              Enable        support        for        Minshall+French        symlinks        (see
              http://wiki.samba.org/index.php/UNIX_Extensions#Minshall.2BFrench_symlinks).   This
              option  is  ignored  when  specified  together with the sfu option. Minshall+French
              symlinks are used even if the server supports the CIFS Unix Extensions.

       echo_interval=n
              sets the interval at which echo requests are  sent  to  the  server  on  an  idling
              connection.  This  setting  also  affects  the time required for a connection to an
              unresponsive server to timeout. Here  n  is  the  echo  interval  in  seconds.  The
              reconnection   happens  at  twice  the  value  of  the  echo_interval  set  for  an
              unresponsive server.  If this option is not given then  the  default  value  of  60
              seconds  is  used.   The minimum tunable value is 1 second and maximum can go up to
              600 seconds.

       serverino
              Use inode numbers (unique persistent  file  identifiers)  returned  by  the  server
              instead of automatically generating temporary inode numbers on the client. Although
              server inode numbers make it easier to spot hardlinked files (as they will have the
              same  inode  numbers) and inode numbers may be persistent (which is useful for some
              software), the server does not guarantee that  the  inode  numbers  are  unique  if
              multiple  server side mounts are exported under a single share (since inode numbers
              on the servers might not be unique if multiple filesystems are  mounted  under  the
              same  shared  higher  level directory). Note that not all servers support returning
              server inode numbers, although those that support the  CIFS  Unix  Extensions,  and
              Windows  2000 and later servers typically do support this (although not necessarily
              on every local server filesystem). Parameter has no  effect  if  the  server  lacks
              support  for  returning  inode  numbers  or equivalent. This behavior is enabled by
              default.

       noserverino
              Client generates inode numbers itself rather than using the actual  ones  from  the
              server.

              See section INODE NUMBERS for more information.

       posix|unix|linux
              (default)  Enable  Unix  Extensions  for  this  mount.  Requires CIFS (vers=1.0) or
              SMB3.1.1 (vers=3.1.1) and a server supporting them.

       noposix|nounix|nolinux
              Disable the Unix Extensions for this mount. This can be useful in order to turn off
              multiple  settings  at  once.  This  includes POSIX acls, POSIX locks, POSIX paths,
              symlink support and retrieving uids/gids/mode from the server.  This  can  also  be
              useful to work around a bug in a server that supports Unix Extensions.

              See section INODE NUMBERS for more information.

       nouser_xattr
              Do  not  allow getfattr/setfattr to get/set xattrs, even if server would support it
              otherwise. The default is for xattr support to be enabled.

       nodfs  Do not follow Distributed FileSystem referrals. IO on a  file  not  stored  on  the
              server will fail instead of connecting to the target server transparently.

       noautotune
              Use fixed size for kernel recv/send socket buffers.

       nosharesock
              Do not try to reuse sockets if the system is already connected to the server via an
              existing mount point. This will make the client always make a new connection to the
              server  no matter what he is already connected to. This can be useful in simulating
              multiple clients connecting to the same server, as each  mount  point  will  use  a
              different TCP socket.

       noblocksend
              Send data on the socket using non blocking operations (MSG_DONTWAIT flag).

       rsize=bytes
              Maximum  amount  of  data  that the kernel will request in a read request in bytes.
              Maximum size that servers will accept is typically 8MB for SMB3 or later  dialects.
              Default  requested  during  mount  is  4MB.  Prior  to  the 4.20 kernel the default
              requested was 1MB. Prior to the SMB2.1 dialect the maximum was usually 64K.

       wsize=bytes
              Maximum amount of data that the kernel will send  in  a  write  request  in  bytes.
              Maximum  size that servers will accept is typically 8MB for SMB3 or later dialects.
              Default requested during mount is  4MB.  Prior  to  the  4.20  kernel  the  default
              requested was 1MB. Prior to the SMB2.1 dialect the maximum was usually 64K.

       bsize=bytes
              Override  the  default  blocksize  (1MB)  reported  on  SMB3 files (requires kernel
              version of 5.1 or later). Prior to kernel version 5.1,  the  blocksize  was  always
              reported  as  16K  instead  of  1MB  (and  was not configurable) which can hurt the
              performance of tools like cp and scp (especially for uncached I/O) which decide  on
              the  read and write size to use for file copies based on the inode blocksize. bsize
              may not be less than 16K or greater than 16M.

       max_credits=n
              Maximum credits the SMB2 client can have. Default is 32000. Must be set to a number
              between 20 and 60000.

       fsc    Enable  local  disk caching using FS-Cache for CIFS. This option could be useful to
              improve performance on a slow link, heavily  loaded  server  and/or  network  where
              reading  from  the  disk is faster than reading from the server (over the network).
              This could also impact the scalability positively as the number  of  calls  to  the
              server  are  reduced.  But,  be  warned  that local caching is not suitable for all
              workloads, for e.g., read-once type workloads. So, you need to  consider  carefully
              the  situation/workload  before using this option. Currently, local disk caching is
              enabled for CIFS files opened as read-only.

              NOTE: This feature is available only in the recent kernels  that  have  been  built
              with   the  kernel  config  option  CONFIG_CIFS_FSCACHE.  You  also  need  to  have
              cachefilesd daemon installed and running to make the cache operational.

       multiuser
              Map user accesses to individual credentials when accessing the server. By  default,
              CIFS  mounts only use a single set of user credentials (the mount credentials) when
              accessing a share. With this option, the client instead creates a new session  with
              the  server  using  the  user's credentials whenever a new user accesses the mount.
              Further accesses by that user will also use those credentials. Because  the  kernel
              cannot  prompt  for  passwords,  multiuser  mounts are limited to mounts using sec=
              options that don't require passwords.

              With this change, it's feasible for the server to handle  permissions  enforcement,
              so  this  option  also implies noperm . Furthermore, when unix extensions aren't in
              use and the administrator has not overridden  ownership  using  the  uid=  or  gid=
              options, ownership of files is presented as the current user accessing the share.

       actimeo=arg
              The time (in seconds) that the CIFS client caches attributes of a file or directory
              before it requests attribute information from a  server.  During  this  period  the
              changes  that  occur  on  the  server remain undetected until the client checks the
              server again.

              By default, the attribute cache timeout  is  set  to  1  second.  This  means  more
              frequent  on-the-wire  calls to the server to check whether attributes have changed
              which could impact performance. With this option users can make a tradeoff  between
              performance  and  cache  metadata correctness, depending on workload needs. Shorter
              timeouts mean better cache coherency, but frequent increased number of calls to the
              server.  Longer  timeouts  mean  a reduced number of calls to the server but looser
              cache coherency. The actimeo value is a  positive  integer  that  can  hold  values
              between 0 and a maximum value of 2^30 * HZ (frequency of timer interrupt) setting.

       noposixpaths
              If  unix  extensions  are  enabled on a share, then the client will typically allow
              filenames to include any character besides '/' in a pathname  component,  and  will
              use  forward  slashes as a pathname delimiter. This option prevents the client from
              attempting to negotiate the use of posix-style pathnames to the server.

       posixpaths
              Inverse of noposixpaths .

       vers=arg
              SMB protocol version. Allowed values are:

              • 1.0 - The classic CIFS/SMBv1 protocol.

              • 2.0 - The SMBv2.002 protocol. This was  initially  introduced  in  Windows  Vista
                Service Pack 1, and Windows Server 2008. Note that the initial release version of
                Windows Vista spoke a slightly different dialect (2.000) that is not supported.

              • 2.1 - The SMBv2.1 protocol that was introduced in Microsoft Windows 7 and Windows
                Server 2008R2.

              • 3.0 - The SMBv3.0 protocol that was introduced in Microsoft Windows 8 and Windows
                Server 2012.

              • 3.02 or 3.0.2 - The SMBv3.0.2 protocol that was introduced in  Microsoft  Windows
                8.1 and Windows Server 2012R2.

              • 3.1.1  or  3.11 - The SMBv3.1.1 protocol that was introduced in Microsoft Windows
                10 and Windows Server 2016.

              • 3 - The SMBv3.0 protocol version and above.

              • default - Tries to negotiate the highest SMB2+  version  supported  by  both  the
                client and server.

              If  no  dialect is specified on mount vers=default is used.  To check Dialect refer
              to /proc/fs/cifs/DebugData

              Note too that while this option governs the protocol version used, not all features
              of each version are available.

              The  default  since  v4.13.5  is for the client and server to negotiate the highest
              possible version greater than or equal to 2.1.  In  kernels  prior  to  v4.13,  the
              default was 1.0. For kernels between v4.13 and v4.13.5 the default is 3.0.

       --verbose
              Print additional debugging information for the mount. Note that this parameter must
              be specified before the -o . For example:

                 mount -t cifs //server/share /mnt --verbose -o user=username

SERVICE FORMATTING AND DELIMITERS

       It's generally preferred to use forward slashes (/) as a delimiter in service names.  They
       are  considered to be the "universal delimiter" since they are generally not allowed to be
       embedded within path components on Windows machines and the client  can  convert  them  to
       backslashes  (\) unconditionally. Conversely, backslash characters are allowed by POSIX to
       be part of a path component, and can't be automatically converted in the same way.

       mount.cifs will attempt to convert backslashes to forward slashes where it's  able  to  do
       so, but it cannot do so in any path component following the sharename.

INODE NUMBERS

       When Unix Extensions are enabled, we use the actual inode number provided by the server in
       response to the POSIX calls as an inode number.

       When Unix Extensions are disabled and serverino mount option is enabled there is no way to
       get  the  server inode number. The client typically maps the server-assigned UniqueID onto
       an inode number.

       Note that the UniqueID is a different value from the server  inode  number.  The  UniqueID
       value  is unique over the scope of the entire server and is often greater than 2 power 32.
       This value often makes programs that are not compiled with LFS (Large  File  Support),  to
       trigger  a  glibc  EOVERFLOW  error as this won't fit in the target structure field. It is
       strongly  recommended  to  compile   your   programs   with   LFS   support   (i.e.   with
       -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64) to prevent this problem. You can also use noserverino mount option
       to generate inode numbers smaller than 2 power 32 on the client. But you may not  be  able
       to detect hardlinks properly.

CACHE COHERENCY

       With  a network filesystem such as CIFS or NFS, the client must contend with the fact that
       activity on other clients or the server could change the contents or attributes of a  file
       without  the  client  being aware of it. One way to deal with such a problem is to mandate
       that all file accesses go to the server directly. This is performance prohibitive however,
       so most protocols have some mechanism to allow the client to cache data locally.

       The  CIFS  protocol mandates (in effect) that the client should not cache file data unless
       it holds an opportunistic lock (aka oplock) or a lease. Both of these entities  allow  the
       client  to guarantee certain types of exclusive access to a file so that it can access its
       contents without needing to continually interact with the server.  The  server  will  call
       back  the  client  when  it  needs to revoke either of them and allow the client a certain
       amount of time to flush any cached data.

       The cifs client uses the kernel's pagecache to  cache  file  data.  Any  I/O  that's  done
       through  the  pagecache  is  generally page-aligned. This can be problematic when combined
       with byte-range locks as Windows' locking is mandatory and can block reads and writes from
       occurring.

       cache=none  means that the client never utilizes the cache for normal reads and writes. It
       always accesses the server directly to satisfy a read or write request.

       cache=strict means that the client will attempt to follow the CIFS/SMB2 protocol strictly.
       That  is,  the cache is only trusted when the client holds an oplock. When the client does
       not hold an oplock, then the client bypasses the cache and accesses the server directly to
       satisfy a read or write request. By doing this, the client avoids problems with byte range
       locks. Additionally, byte range locks are cached on the client when it holds an oplock and
       are "pushed" to the server when that oplock is recalled.

       cache=loose allows the client to use looser protocol semantics which can sometimes provide
       better performance at the expense of cache coherency.  File  access  always  involves  the
       pagecache.  When an oplock or lease is not held, then the client will attempt to flush the
       cache soon after a write to a file. Note that that flush does not necessarily occur before
       a write system call returns.

       In  the  case of a read without holding an oplock, the client will attempt to periodically
       check the attributes of the file in order to ascertain whether  it  has  changed  and  the
       cache  might  no longer be valid. This mechanism is much like the one that NFSv2/3 use for
       cache coherency, but it particularly problematic with CIFS. Windows is quite  "lazy"  with
       respect  to  updating  the  LastWriteTime  field  that the client uses to verify this. The
       effect is that cache=loose can cause data corruption when multiple readers and writers are
       working on the same files.

       Because  of  this,  when  multiple  clients  are  accessing  the  same  set of files, then
       cache=strict is recommended.  That  helps  eliminate  problems  with  cache  coherency  by
       following the CIFS/SMB2 protocols more strictly.

       Note  too  that  no  matter  what  caching  model  is used, the client will always use the
       pagecache to handle mmap'ed files. Writes to mmap'ed  files  are  only  guaranteed  to  be
       flushed to the server when msync() is called, or on close().

       The default in kernels prior to 3.7 was loose. As of 3.7, the default is strict.

CIFS/NTFS ACL, SID/UID/GID MAPPING, SECURITY DESCRIPTORS

       This  option  is  used  to  work  with  file objects which posses Security Descriptors and
       CIFS/NTFS ACL  instead  of  UID,  GID,  file  permission  bits,  and  POSIX  ACL  as  user
       authentication model. This is the most common authentication model for CIFS servers and is
       the one used by Windows.

       Support for this requires both CIFS_XATTR and CIFS_ACL support in the  CIFS  configuration
       options when building the cifs module.

       A  CIFS/NTFS  ACL  is  mapped  to file permission bits using an algorithm specified in the
       following Microsoft TechNet document:

       http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb463216.aspx

       In order to map SIDs to/from UIDs and GIDs, the following is required:

       • a kernel upcall to the cifs.idmap utility set up via request-key.conf(5)

       • winbind support configured via nsswitch.conf(5) and smb.conf(5)

       Please refer to  the  respective  manpages  of  cifs.idmap(8)  and  winbindd(8)  for  more
       information.

       Security  descriptors  for  a file object can be retrieved and set directly using extended
       attribute named system.cifs_acl. The security descriptors presented via this interface are
       "raw" blobs of data and need a userspace utility to either parse and format or to assemble
       it such as getcifsacl(1) and setcifsacl(1) respectively.

       Some of the things to consider while using this mount option:

       • There may be an increased latency when handling metadata due to additional  requests  to
         get and set security descriptors.

       • The mapping between a CIFS/NTFS ACL and POSIX file permission bits is imperfect and some
         ACL information may be lost in the translation.

       • If either upcall to cifs.idmap is not setup correctly or winbind is not  configured  and
         running,  ID mapping will fail. In that case uid and gid will default to either to those
         values of the share or to the values of uid and/or gid mount options if specified.

ACCESSING FILES WITH BACKUP INTENT

       For an user on the server, desired access to a file is determined by the  permissions  and
       rights  associated with that file. This is typically accomplished using ownership and ACL.
       For a user who does not have access rights to a file, it is still possible to access  that
       file for a specific or a targeted purpose by granting special rights.  One of the specific
       purposes is to access a file with the intent to  either  backup  or  restore  i.e.  backup
       intent.  The  right  to  access  a file with the backup intent can typically be granted by
       making that user a part of the built-in group  Backup  Operators.  Thus,  when  this  user
       attempts  to  open  a file with the backup intent, open request is sent by setting the bit
       FILE_OPEN_FOR_BACKUP_INTENT as one of the CreateOptions.

       As an example, on a Windows server, a user named testuser, cannot open this file with such
       a security descriptor:

          REVISION:0x1
          CONTROL:0x9404
          OWNER:Administrator
          GROUP:Domain Users
          ACL:Administrator:ALLOWED/0x0/FULL

       But the user testuser, if it becomes part of the Backup Operators group, can open the file
       with the backup intent.

       Any user on the client side who can authenticate as such a user on the server, can  access
       the  files with the backup intent. But it is desirable and preferable for security reasons
       amongst many, to restrict this special right.

       The mount option backupuid is used to restrict this special  right  to  a  user  which  is
       specified  by  either a name or an id. The mount option backupgid is used to restrict this
       special right to the users in a group which is specified by either a name or an  id.  Only
       users  matching  either  backupuid  or backupgid shall attempt to access files with backup
       intent. These two mount options can be used together.

FILE AND DIRECTORY OWNERSHIP AND PERMISSIONS

       The core CIFS protocol does not provide unix ownership information or mode for  files  and
       directories.  Because  of this, files and directories will generally appear to be owned by
       whatever values the uid= or gid= options are set, and will have  permissions  set  to  the
       default  file_mode  and  dir_mode  for  the  mount.  Attempting to change these values via
       chmod/chown will return success but have no effect.

       When the client and server negotiate  unix  extensions,  files  and  directories  will  be
       assigned  the uid, gid, and mode provided by the server. Because CIFS mounts are generally
       single-user, and the same credentials are used no matter what  user  accesses  the  mount,
       newly  created  files  and  directories will generally be given ownership corresponding to
       whatever credentials were used to mount the share.

       If the uid's and gid's being used do not match on the client and server, the forceuid  and
       forcegid  options  may  be helpful. Note however, that there is no corresponding option to
       override the mode. Permissions assigned to a file when forceuid or forcegid are in  effect
       may not reflect the the real permissions.

       When unix extensions are not negotiated, it's also possible to emulate them locally on the
       server using the dynperm mount option. When this mount option is in effect, newly  created
       files and directories will receive what appear to be proper permissions. These permissions
       are not stored on the server however and can disappear at any time in the future  (subject
       to the whims of the kernel flushing out the inode cache). In general, this mount option is
       discouraged.

       It's also possible to override permission checking on the client altogether via the noperm
       option.  Server-side permission checks cannot be overridden. The permission checks done by
       the server will always correspond to the credentials used to  mount  the  share,  and  not
       necessarily to the user who is accessing the share.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

       The variable USER may contain the username of the person to be used to authenticate to the
       server. The variable can be used to set both username and password  by  using  the  format
       username%password.

       The variable PASSWD may contain the password of the person using the client.

       The  variable  PASSWD_FILE may contain the pathname of a file to read the password from. A
       single line of input is read and used as the password.

NOTES

       This command may be used only by root, unless installed setuid, in which case  the  noexec
       and  nosuid  mount  flags  are  enabled.  When  installed as a setuid program, the program
       follows the conventions set forth by the mount program for user  mounts,  with  the  added
       restriction  that  users must be able to chdir() into the mountpoint prior to the mount in
       order to be able to mount onto it.

       Some samba client tools like  smbclient(8)  honour  client-side  configuration  parameters
       present in smb.conf. Unlike those client tools, mount.cifs ignores smb.conf completely.

CONFIGURATION

       The  primary  mechanism for making configuration changes and for reading debug information
       for the cifs vfs is via the Linux /proc filesystem. In  the  directory  /proc/fs/cifs  are
       various  configuration  files  and  pseudo  files  which can display debug information and
       performance statistics. There are additional startup options such as maximum  buffer  size
       and  number  of buffers which only may be set when the kernel cifs vfs (cifs.ko module) is
       loaded. These can be seen by running the modinfo utility against the  file  cifs.ko  which
       will list the options that may be passed to cifs during module installation (device driver
       load). For more information see the kernel file fs/cifs/README. When  configuring  dynamic
       tracing (trace-cmd) note that the list of SMB3 events which can be enabled can be seen at:
       /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/cifs/.

SECURITY

       The use of SMB2.1 or later (including the latest  dialect  SMB3.1.1)  is  recommended  for
       improved  security  and SMB1 is no longer requested by default at mount time. Old dialects
       such as CIFS (SMB1, ie vers=1.0) have much weaker security. Use  of  CIFS  (SMB1)  can  be
       disabled by modprobe cifs disable_legacy_dialects=y.

BUGS

       Mounting using the CIFS URL specification is currently not supported.

       The credentials file does not handle usernames or passwords with leading space.

       Note  that  the typical response to a bug report is a suggestion to try the latest version
       first. So please try doing that first, and  always  include  which  versions  you  use  of
       relevant  software  when  reporting  bugs (minimum: mount.cifs (try mount.cifs -V), kernel
       (see /proc/version) and server type you are trying to contact.

VERSION

       This man page is correct for version 2.18 of the cifs vfs filesystem (roughly Linux kernel
       5.0).

SEE ALSO

       cifs.upcall(8), getcifsacl(1), setcifsacl(1)

       Documentation/filesystems/cifs.txt  and fs/cifs/README in the Linux kernel source tree may
       contain additional options and information.

AUTHOR

       Steve French

       The maintainer of the Linux cifs vfs is Steve French. The  maintainer  of  the  cifs-utils
       suite of user space tools is Pavel Shilovsky. The Linux CIFS Mailing list is the preferred
       place to ask questions regarding these programs.

                                                                        MOUNT.CIFS, MOUNT.SMB3(8)