Provided by: vienna-rna_2.6.4+dfsg-1build1_amd64 
NAME
RNAsubopt - manual page for RNAsubopt 2.6.4
SYNOPSIS
RNAsubopt [OPTION]...
DESCRIPTION
RNAsubopt 2.6.4
calculate suboptimal secondary structures of RNAs
Reads RNA sequences from stdin and (in the default -e mode) calculates all suboptimal
secondary structures within a user defined energy range above the minimum free energy
(mfe). It prints the suboptimal structures in dot-bracket notation followed by the energy
in kcal/mol to stdout. Be careful, the number of structures returned grows exponentially
with both sequence length and energy range.
Alternatively, when used with the -p option, RNAsubopt produces Boltzmann weighted samples
of secondary structures.
-h, --help
Print help and exit
--detailed-help
Print help, including all details and hidden options, and exit
--full-help
Print help, including hidden options, and exit
-V, --version
Print version and exit
-v, --verbose
Be verbose.
(default=off)
I/O Options:
Command line options for input and output (pre-)processing
-i, --infile=filename
Read a file instead of reading from stdin.
The default behavior of RNAsubopt is to read input from stdin. Using this parameter
the user can specify an input file name where data is read from.
-o, --outfile[=filename]
Print output to file instead of stdout.
This option may be used to write all output to output files rather than printing to
stdout. The default filename is "RNAsubopt_output.sub" if no FASTA header precedes
the input sequences and the --auto-id feature is inactive. Otherwise, output files
with the scheme "prefix.sub" are generated, where the "prefix" is taken from the
sequence id. The user may specify a single output file name for all data generated
from the input by supplying an optional string as argument to this parameter. In
case a file with the same filename already exists, any output of the program will
be appended to it. Note: Any special characters in the filename will be replaced by
the filename delimiter, hence there is no way to pass an entire directory path
through this option yet. (See also the "--filename-delim" parameter)
--noconv
Do not automatically substitute nucleotide "T" with "U".
(default=off)
--auto-id
Automatically generate an ID for each sequence. (default=off)
The default mode of RNAsubopt is to automatically determine an ID from the input
sequence data if the input file format allows to do that. Sequence IDs are usually
given in the FASTA header of input sequences. If this flag is active, RNAsubopt
ignores any IDs retrieved from the input and automatically generates an ID for each
sequence. This ID consists of a prefix and an increasing number. This flag can also
be used to add a FASTA header to the output even if the input has none.
--id-prefix=STRING
Prefix for automatically generated IDs (as used in output file names).
(default=`sequence')
If this parameter is set, each sequences' FASTA id will be prefixed with the
provided string. FASTA ids then take the form ">prefix_xxxx" where xxxx is the
sequence number. Note: Setting this parameter implies --auto-id.
--id-delim=CHAR
Change the delimiter between prefix and increasing number for automatically
generated IDs (as used in output file names).
(default=`_')
This parameter can be used to change the default delimiter "_" between the prefix
string and the increasing number for automatically generated ID.
--id-digits=INT
Specify the number of digits of the counter in automatically generated alignment
IDs.
(default=`4')
When alignments IDs are automatically generated, they receive an increasing number,
starting with 1. This number will always be left-padded by leading zeros, such that
the number takes up a certain width. Using this parameter, the width can be
specified to the users need. We allow numbers in the range [1:18]. This option
implies --auto-id.
--id-start=LONG
Specify the first number in automatically generated IDs.
(default=`1')
When sequence IDs are automatically generated, they receive an increasing number,
usually starting with 1. Using this parameter, the first number can be specified to
the users requirements. Note: negative numbers are not allowed. Note: Setting this
parameter implies to ignore any IDs retrieved from the input data, i.e. it
activates the --auto-id flag.
--filename-delim=CHAR
Change the delimiting character used in sanitized filenames.
(default=`ID-delimiter')
This parameter can be used to change the delimiting character used while sanitizing
filenames, i.e. replacing invalid characters. Note, that the default delimiter
ALWAYS is the first character of the "ID delimiter" as supplied through the
--id-delim option. If the delimiter is a whitespace character or empty, invalid
characters will be simply removed rather than substituted. Currently, we regard the
following characters as illegal for use in filenames: backslash '\', slash '/',
question mark '?', percent sign '%', asterisk '*', colon ':', pipe symbol '|',
double quote '"', triangular brackets '<' and '>'.
--filename-full
Use full FASTA header to create filenames. (default=off)
This parameter can be used to deactivate the default behavior of limiting output
filenames to the first word of the sequence ID. Consider the following example: An
input with FASTA header '>NM_0001 Homo Sapiens some gene' usually produces output
files with the prefix "NM_0001" without the additional data available in the FASTA
header, e.g. "NM_0001.sub". With this flag set, no truncation of the output
filenames is performed, i.e. output filenames receive the full FASTA header data as
prefixes. Note, however, that invalid characters (such as whitespace) will be
substituted by a delimiting character or simply removed, (see also the parameter
option --filename-delim).
Algorithms:
Select the algorithms which should be applied to the given RNA sequence(s).
-e, --deltaEnergy=range
Compute suboptimal structures with energy in a certain range of the optimum
(kcal/mol).
Default is calculation of mfe structure only.
--deltaEnergyPost=range
Only print structures with energy within range of the mfe after post reevaluation
of energies.
Useful in conjunction with -logML, -d1 or -d3: while the -e option specifies the
range before energies are re-evaluated, this option specifies the maximum energy
after re-evaluation.
-s, --sorted
Sort the suboptimal structures by energy and lexicographical order.
(default=off)
Structures are first sorted by energy in ascending order. Within groups of the same
energy, structures are then sorted in ascending in lexicographical order of their
dot-bracket notation. See the --en-only flag to deactivate this second step. Note
that sorting is done in memory, thus it can easily lead to exhaution of RAM! This
is especially true if the number of structures produced becomes large or the RNA
sequence is rather long. In such cases better use an external sort method, such as
UNIX "sort".
--en-only
Only sort structures by free energy. (default=off)
In combination with --sorted, this flag deactivates the second sorting criteria and
sorts structures solely by their free energy instead of additionally sorting by
lexicographic order in each energy band. This might save some time during the
sorting process in situations where lexicographic order is not required.
-p, --stochBT=number
Randomly draw structures according to their probability in the Boltzmann ensemble.
Instead of producing all suboptimals in an energy range, produce a random sample of
suboptimal structures, drawn with probabilities equal to their Boltzmann weights
via stochastic backtracking in the partition function. The -e and -p options are
mutually exclusive.
--stochBT_en=number
Same as "--stochBT" but also print free energies and probabilities of the
backtraced structures.
--betaScale=DOUBLE
Set the scaling of the Boltzmann factors. (default=`1.')
The argument provided with this option is used to scale the thermodynamic
temperature in the Boltzmann factors independently from the temperature of the
individual loop energy contributions. The Boltzmann factors then become 'exp(-
dG/(kT*betaScale))' where 'k' is the Boltzmann constant, 'dG' the free energy
contribution of the state and 'T' the absolute temperature.
-N, --nonRedundant
Enable non-redundant sampling strategy.
(default=off)
-S, --pfScale=DOUBLE
In the calculation of the pf use scale*mfe as an estimate for the ensemble free
energy (used to avoid overflows).
(default=`1.07')
The default is 1.07, useful values are 1.0 to 1.2. Occasionally needed for long
sequences.
-c, --circ
Assume a circular (instead of linear) RNA molecule.
(default=off)
-D, --dos
Compute density of states instead of secondary structures.
(default=off)
This option enables the evaluation of the number of secondary structures in certain
energy bands around the MFE.
-z, --zuker
Compute Zuker suboptimals instead of all suboptimal structures within an energy
band around the MFE.
(default=off)
-g, --gquad
Incoorporate G-Quadruplex formation. (default=off)
No support of G-quadruplex prediction for stochastic backtracking and Zuker-style
suboptimals yet).
Structure Constraints:
Command line options to interact with the structure constraints feature of this
program
--maxBPspan=INT
Set the maximum base pair span.
(default=`-1')
-C, --constraint[=filename]
Calculate structures subject to constraints. (default=`')
The program reads first the sequence, then a string containing constraints on the
structure encoded with the symbols:
'.' (no constraint for this base)
'|' (the corresponding base has to be paired
'x' (the base is unpaired)
'<' (base i is paired with a base j>i)
'>' (base i is paired with a base j<i)
and matching brackets '(' ')' (base i pairs base j)
With the exception of '|', constraints will disallow all pairs conflicting with the
constraint. This is usually sufficient to enforce the constraint, but occasionally
a base may stay unpaired in spite of constraints. PF folding ignores constraints of
type '|'.
--batch
Use constraints for multiple sequences. (default=off)
Usually, constraints provided from input file only apply to a single input
sequence. Therefore, RNAsubopt will stop its computation and quit after the first
input sequence was processed. Using this switch, RNAsubopt processes multiple input
sequences and applies the same provided constraints to each of them.
--canonicalBPonly
Remove non-canonical base pairs from the structure constraint.
(default=off)
--enforceConstraint
Enforce base pairs given by round brackets '(' ')' in structure constraint.
(default=off)
--shape=filename
Use SHAPE reactivity data to guide structure predictions.
--shapeMethod=method
Select SHAPE reactivity data incorporation strategy.
(default=`D')
The following methods can be used to convert SHAPE reactivities into pseudo energy
contributions.
'D': Convert by using the linear equation according to Deigan et al 2009.
Derived pseudo energy terms will be applied for every nucleotide involved in a
stacked pair. This method is recognized by a capital 'D' in the provided parameter,
i.e.: --shapeMethod="D" is the default setting. The slope 'm' and the intercept 'b'
can be set to a non-default value if necessary, otherwise m=1.8 and b=-0.6. To
alter these parameters, e.g. m=1.9 and b=-0.7, use a parameter string like this:
--shapeMethod="Dm1.9b-0.7". You may also provide only one of the two parameters
like: --shapeMethod="Dm1.9" or --shapeMethod="Db-0.7".
'Z': Convert SHAPE reactivities to pseudo energies according to Zarringhalam
et al 2012. SHAPE reactivities will be converted to pairing probabilities by using
linear mapping. Aberration from the observed pairing probabilities will be
penalized during the folding recursion. The magnitude of the penalties can affected
by adjusting the factor beta (e.g. --shapeMethod="Zb0.8").
'W': Apply a given vector of perturbation energies to unpaired nucleotides
according to Washietl et al 2012. Perturbation vectors can be calculated by using
RNApvmin.
--shapeConversion=method
Select method for SHAPE reactivity conversion.
(default=`O')
This parameter is useful when dealing with the SHAPE incorporation according to
Zarringhalam et al. The following methods can be used to convert SHAPE reactivities
into the probability for a certain nucleotide to be unpaired.
'M': Use linear mapping according to Zarringhalam et al. 'C': Use a
cutoff-approach to divide into paired and unpaired nucleotides (e.g. "C0.25") 'S':
Skip the normalizing step since the input data already represents probabilities for
being unpaired rather than raw reactivity values 'L': Use a linear model to convert
the reactivity into a probability for being unpaired (e.g. "Ls0.68i0.2" to use a
slope of 0.68 and an intercept of 0.2) 'O': Use a linear model to convert the log
of the reactivity into a probability for being unpaired (e.g. "Os1.6i-2.29" to use
a slope of 1.6 and an intercept of -2.29)
--commands=filename
Read additional commands from file
Commands include hard and soft constraints, but also structure motifs in hairpin
and interior loops that need to be treeted differently. Furthermore, commands can
be set for unstructured and structured domains.
Energy Parameters:
Energy parameter sets can be adapted or loaded from user-provided input files
-T, --temp=DOUBLE
Rescale energy parameters to a temperature of temp C. Default is 37C.
(default=`37.0')
-P, --paramFile=paramfile
Read energy parameters from paramfile, instead of using the default parameter set.
Different sets of energy parameters for RNA and DNA should accompany your
distribution. See the RNAlib documentation for details on the file format. The
placeholder file name 'DNA' can be used to load DNA parameters without the need to
actually specify any input file.
-4, --noTetra
Do not include special tabulated stabilizing energies for tri-, tetra- and hexaloop
hairpins.
(default=off)
Mostly for testing.
--salt=DOUBLE
Set salt concentration in molar (M). Default is 1.021M.
-m, --modifications[=STRING]
Allow for modified bases within the RNA sequence string.
(default=`7I6P9D')
Treat modified bases within the RNA sequence differently, i.e. use corresponding
energy corrections and/or pairing partner rules if available. For that, the
modified bases in the input sequence must be marked by their corresponding
one-letter code. If no additional arguments are supplied, all available corrections
are performed. Otherwise, the user may limit the modifications to a particular
subset of modifications, resp. one-letter codes, e.g. -mP6 will only correct for
pseudouridine and m6A bases.
Currently supported one-letter codes and energy corrections are:
'7': 7-deaza-adenonsine (7DA)
'I': Inosine
'6': N6-methyladenosine (m6A)
'P': Pseudouridine
'9': Purine (a.k.a. nebularine)
'D': Dihydrouridine
--mod-file=STRING
Use additional modified base data from JSON file.
Model Details:
Tweak the energy model and pairing rules additionally using the following
parameters
-d, --dangles=INT
How to treat "dangling end" energies for bases adjacent to helices in free ends and
multi-loops.
(default=`2')
With -d1 only unpaired bases can participate in at most one dangling end. With -d2
this check is ignored, dangling energies will be added for the bases adjacent to a
helix on both sides in any case; this is the default for mfe and partition function
folding (-p). The option -d0 ignores dangling ends altogether (mostly for
debugging). With -d3 mfe folding will allow coaxial stacking of adjacent helices
in multi-loops. At the moment the implementation will not allow coaxial stacking of
the two interior pairs in a loop of degree 3 and works only for mfe folding.
Note that with -d1 and -d3 only the MFE computations will be using this setting
while partition function uses -d2 setting, i.e. dangling ends will be treated
differently.
--noLP Produce structures without lonely pairs (helices of length 1).
(default=off)
For partition function folding this only disallows pairs that can only occur
isolated. Other pairs may still occasionally occur as helices of length 1.
--noGU Do not allow GU pairs.
(default=off)
--noClosingGU
Do not allow GU pairs at the end of helices.
(default=off)
--logML
Recompute energies of structures using a logarithmic energy function for
multi-loops before output. (default=off)
This option does not effect structure generation, only the energies that are
printed out. Since logML lowers energies somewhat, some structures may be missing.
--nsp=STRING
Allow other pairs in addition to the usual AU,GC,and GU pairs.
Its argument is a comma separated list of additionally allowed pairs. If the first
character is a "-" then AB will imply that AB and BA are allowed pairs, e.g.
--nsp="-GA" will allow GA and AG pairs. Nonstandard pairs are given 0 stacking
energy.
--energyModel=INT
Set energy model.
Rarely used option to fold sequences from the artificial ABCD... alphabet, where A
pairs B, C-D etc. Use the energy parameters for GC (-e 1) or AU (-e 2) pairs.
--helical-rise=FLOAT
Set the helical rise of the helix in units of Angstrom.
(default=`2.8')
Use with caution! This value will be re-set automatically to 3.4 in case DNA
parameters are loaded via -P DNA and no further value is provided.
--backbone-length=FLOAT
Set the average backbone length for looped regions in units of Angstrom.
(default=`6.0')
Use with caution! This value will be re-set automatically to 6.76 in case DNA
parameters are loaded via -P DNA and no further value is provided.
REFERENCES
If you use this program in your work you might want to cite:
R. Lorenz, S.H. Bernhart, C. Hoener zu Siederdissen, H. Tafer, C. Flamm, P.F. Stadler and
I.L. Hofacker (2011), "ViennaRNA Package 2.0", Algorithms for Molecular Biology: 6:26
I.L. Hofacker, W. Fontana, P.F. Stadler, S. Bonhoeffer, M. Tacker, P. Schuster (1994),
"Fast Folding and Comparison of RNA Secondary Structures", Monatshefte f. Chemie: 125, pp
167-188
R. Lorenz, I.L. Hofacker, P.F. Stadler (2016), "RNA folding with hard and soft
constraints", Algorithms for Molecular Biology 11:1 pp 1-13
S. Wuchty, W. Fontana, I. L. Hofacker and P. Schuster (1999), "Complete Suboptimal Folding
of RNA and the Stability of Secondary Structures", Biopolymers: 49, pp 145-165
M. Zuker (1989), "On Finding All Suboptimal Foldings of an RNA Molecule", Science
244.4900, pp 48-52
Y. Ding, and C.E. Lawrence (2003), "A statistical sampling algorithm for RNA secondary
structure prediction", Nucleic Acids Research 31.24, pp 7280-7301
The energy parameters are taken from:
D.H. Mathews, M.D. Disney, D. Matthew, J.L. Childs, S.J. Schroeder, J. Susan, M. Zuker,
D.H. Turner (2004), "Incorporating chemical modification constraints into a dynamic
programming algorithm for prediction of RNA secondary structure", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
USA: 101, pp 7287-7292
D.H Turner, D.H. Mathews (2009), "NNDB: The nearest neighbor parameter database for
predicting stability of nucleic acid secondary structure", Nucleic Acids Research: 38, pp
280-282
AUTHOR
Ivo L Hofacker, Stefan Wuchty, Walter Fontana, Ronny Lorenz
REPORTING BUGS
If in doubt our program is right, nature is at fault. Comments should be sent to
rna@tbi.univie.ac.at.