NAME

       addr2line - convert addresses or symbol+offset into file names and line numbers

SYNOPSIS

       addr2line [-a|--addresses]
                 [-b bfdname|--target=bfdname]
                 [-C|--demangle[=style]]
                 [-r|--no-recurse-limit]
                 [-R|--recurse-limit]
                 [-e filename|--exe=filename]
                 [-f|--functions] [-s|--basename]
                 [-i|--inlines]
                 [-p|--pretty-print]
                 [-j|--section=name]
                 [-H|--help] [-V|--version]
                 [addr addr ...]

DESCRIPTION

       addr2line translates addresses or symbol+offset into file names and line numbers.  Given
       an address or symbol+offset in an executable or an offset in a section of a relocatable
       object, it uses the debugging information to figure out which file name and line number
       are associated with it.

       The executable or relocatable object to use is specified with the -e option.  The default
       is the file a.out.  The section in the relocatable object to use is specified with the -j
       option.

       addr2line has two modes of operation.

       In the first, hexadecimal addresses or symbol+offset are specified on the command line,
       and addr2line displays the file name and line number for each address.

       In the second, addr2line reads hexadecimal addresses or symbol+offset from standard input,
       and prints the file name and line number for each address on standard output.  In this
       mode, addr2line may be used in a pipe to convert dynamically chosen addresses.

       The format of the output is FILENAME:LINENO.  By default each input address generates one
       line of output.

       Two options can generate additional lines before each FILENAME:LINENO line (in that
       order).

       If the -a option is used then a line with the input address is displayed.

       If the -f option is used, then a line with the FUNCTIONNAME is displayed.  This is the
       name of the function containing the address.

       One option can generate additional lines after the FILENAME:LINENO line.

       If the -i option is used and the code at the given address is present there because of
       inlining by the compiler then additional lines are displayed afterwards.  One or two extra
       lines (if the -f option is used) are displayed for each inlined function.

       Alternatively if the -p option is used then each input address generates a single, long,
       output line containing the address, the function name, the file name and the line number.
       If the -i option has also been used then any inlined functions will be displayed in the
       same manner, but on separate lines, and prefixed by the text (inlined by).

       If the file name or function name can not be determined, addr2line will print two question
       marks in their place.  If the line number can not be determined, addr2line will print 0.

       When symbol+offset is used, +offset is optional, except when the symbol is ambigious with
       a hex number. The resolved symbols can be mangled or unmangled, except unmangled symbols
       with + are not allowed.

OPTIONS

       The long and short forms of options, shown here as alternatives, are equivalent.

       -a
       --addresses
           Display the address before the function name, file and line number information.  The
           address is printed with a 0x prefix to easily identify it.

       -b bfdname
       --target=bfdname
           Specify that the object-code format for the object files is bfdname.

       -C
       --demangle[=style]
           Decode (demangle) low-level symbol names into user-level names.  Besides removing any
           initial underscore prepended by the system, this makes C++ function names readable.
           Different compilers have different mangling styles. The optional demangling style
           argument can be used to choose an appropriate demangling style for your compiler.

       -e filename
       --exe=filename
           Specify the name of the executable for which addresses should be translated.  The
           default file is a.out.

       -f
       --functions
           Display function names as well as file and line number information.

       -s
       --basenames
           Display only the base of each file name.

       -i
       --inlines
           If the address belongs to a function that was inlined, the source information for all
           enclosing scopes back to the first non-inlined function will also be printed.  For
           example, if "main" inlines "callee1" which inlines "callee2", and address is from
           "callee2", the source information for "callee1" and "main" will also be printed.

       -j
       --section
           Read offsets relative to the specified section instead of absolute addresses.

       -p
       --pretty-print
           Make the output more human friendly: each location are printed on one line.  If option
           -i is specified, lines for all enclosing scopes are prefixed with (inlined by).

       -r
       -R
       --recurse-limit
       --no-recurse-limit
       --recursion-limit
       --no-recursion-limit
           Enables or disables a limit on the amount of recursion performed whilst demangling
           strings.  Since the name mangling formats allow for an infinite level of recursion it
           is possible to create strings whose decoding will exhaust the amount of stack space
           available on the host machine, triggering a memory fault.  The limit tries to prevent
           this from happening by restricting recursion to 2048 levels of nesting.

           The default is for this limit to be enabled, but disabling it may be necessary in
           order to demangle truly complicated names.  Note however that if the recursion limit
           is disabled then stack exhaustion is possible and any bug reports about such an event
           will be rejected.

           The -r option is a synonym for the --no-recurse-limit option.  The -R option is a
           synonym for the --recurse-limit option.

           Note this option is only effective if the -C or --demangle option has been enabled.

       @file
           Read command-line options from file.  The options read are inserted in place of the
           original @file option.  If file does not exist, or cannot be read, then the option
           will be treated literally, and not removed.

           Options in file are separated by whitespace.  A whitespace character may be included
           in an option by surrounding the entire option in either single or double quotes.  Any
           character (including a backslash) may be included by prefixing the character to be
           included with a backslash.  The file may itself contain additional @file options; any
           such options will be processed recursively.

SEE ALSO

       Info entries for binutils.

COPYRIGHT

       Copyright (c) 1991-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

       Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of
       the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free
       Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
       Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free
       Documentation License".