Provided by: wireshark-common_4.4.2-1_amd64 
NAME
editcap - Edit and/or translate the format of capture files
SYNOPSIS
editcap [ -a <frame:comment> ] [ -A <start time> ] [ -B <stop time> ]
[ -c <packets per file> ] [ -C [offset:]<choplen> ] [ -E <error probability> ]
[ -F <file format> ] [ -i <seconds per file> ] [ -o <change offset> ] [ -L ] [ -r ]
[ -s <snaplen> ] [ -S <strict time adjustment> ] [ -t <time adjustment> ]
[ -T <encapsulation type> ] [ -V ] [ --inject-secrets <secrets type>,<file> ]
[ --discard-all-secrets ] [ --capture-comment <comment> ] [ --discard-capture-comment ]
[ --discard-packet-comments ] infile outfile [ packet#[-packet#] ... ]
editcap -d -D <dup window> -w <dup time window> [ -V ] [ -I <bytes to ignore> ]
[ --skip-radiotap-header ] [ --set-unused ] infile outfile
editcap --extract-secrets [ -V ] infile outfile
editcap -h|--help
editcap -v|--version
DESCRIPTION
Editcap is a program that reads some or all of the captured packets from the infile,
optionally converts them in various ways and writes the resulting packets to the capture
outfile (or outfiles).
By default, it reads all packets from the infile and writes them to the outfile in pcapng
file format. Use '-' for infile or outfile to read from standard input or write to
standard output, respectively.
The -A and -B option allow you to limit the time range from which packets are read from
the infile.
An optional list of packet numbers can be specified on the command tail; individual packet
numbers separated by whitespace and/or ranges of packet numbers can be specified as
start-end, referring to all packets from start to end. By default the selected packets
with those numbers will not be written to the capture file. If the -r flag is specified,
the whole packet selection is reversed; in that case only the selected packets will be
written to the capture file.
Editcap can also be used to remove duplicate packets. Several different options (-d, -D
and -w) are used to control the packet window or relative time window to be used for
duplicate comparison.
Editcap can be used to assign comment strings to frame numbers.
Editcap is able to detect, read and write the same capture files that are supported by
Wireshark. The input file doesn’t need a specific filename extension; the file format and
an optional gzip, zstd or lz4 compression will be automatically detected. Near the
beginning of the DESCRIPTION section of wireshark(1) or
https://www.wireshark.org/docs/man-pages/wireshark.html is a detailed description of the
way Wireshark handles this, which is the same way Editcap handles this.
Editcap can write the file in several output formats. The -F flag can be used to specify
the format in which to write the capture file; editcap -F provides a list of the available
output formats. Editcap can also compress the output file. The --compress option can
specify the compression type. If that option is not given, then the desired compression
method, if any, is deduced from the extension of outfile; e.g., if the output filename has
the .gz extension, then the gzip format is used.
Editcap can also be used to extract embedded decryption secrets from file formats like
pcapng that contain them, in lieu of writing a capture file.
OPTIONS
-a <framenum:comment>
For the specified frame number, assign the given comment string. Can be repeated for
multiple frames. Quotes should be used with comment strings that include spaces.
-A <start time>
Reads only the packets whose timestamp is on or after <start time>. The time may be
given either in ISO 8601 format or in Unix epoch timestamp format.
ISO 8601 format is either
YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS[.nnnnnnnnn][Z|±hh:mm]
or
YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS[.nnnnnnnnn][Z|±hh:mm]
The fractional seconds are optional, as is the time zone offset from UTC (in which
case local time is assumed).
Unix epoch format is in seconds since the Unix epoch and nanoseconds, with either a
period or a comma separating the seconds and nanoseconds. The nanoseconds are
optional. The Unix epoch is 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC, so this format is not local time.
-B <stop time>
Reads only the packets whose timestamp is before <stop time>. The time may be given
either in ISO 8601 format or in Unix epoch timestamp format.
ISO 8601 format is either
YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS[.nnnnnnnnn][Z|±hh:mm]
or
YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS[.nnnnnnnnn][Z|±hh:mm]
The fractional seconds are optional, as is the time zone offset from UTC (in which
case local time is assumed).
Unix epoch format is in seconds since the Unix epoch and nanoseconds, with either a
period or a comma separating the seconds and nanoseconds. The nanoseconds are
optional. The Unix epoch is 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC, so this format is not local time.
-c <packets per file>
Splits the packet output to different files based on uniform packet counts with a
maximum of <packets per file> each.
Each output file will be created with an infix _nnnnn[_YYYYmmddHHMMSS] inserted before
the file extension (which may be null) of outfile. The infix consists of the ordinal
number of the output file, starting with 00000, followed by the timestamp of its first
packet. The timestamp is omitted if the input file does not contain timestamp
information.
After the specified number of packets is written to the output file, the next output
file is opened. The default is to use a single output file. This option conflicts with
-i.
-C [offset:]<choplen>
Sets the chop length to use when writing the packet data. Each packet is chopped by
<choplen> bytes of data. Positive values chop at the packet beginning while negative
values chop at the packet end.
If an optional offset precedes the <choplen>, then the bytes chopped will be offset
from that value. Positive offsets are from the packet beginning, while negative
offsets are from the packet end.
This is useful for chopping headers for decapsulation of an entire capture, removing
tunneling headers, or in the rare case that the conversion between two file formats
leaves some random bytes at the end of each packet. Another use is for removing vlan
tags.
Note
This option can be used more than once, effectively allowing you to chop bytes
from up to two different areas of a packet in a single pass provided that you
specify at least one chop length as a positive value and at least one as a
negative value. All positive chop lengths are added together as are all negative
chop lengths.
-d
Attempts to remove duplicate packets. The length and MD5 hash of the current packet
are compared to the previous four (4) packets. If a match is found, the current packet
is skipped. This option is equivalent to using the option -D 5.
-D <dup window>
Attempts to remove duplicate packets. The length and MD5 hash of the current packet
are compared to the previous <dup window> - 1 packets. If a match is found, the
current packet is skipped.
The use of the option -D 0 combined with the -V option is useful in that each packet’s
Packet number, Len and MD5 Hash will be printed to standard error. This verbose output
(specifically the MD5 hash strings) can be useful in scripts to identify duplicate
packets across trace files.
The <dup window> is specified as an integer value between 0 and 1000000 (inclusive).
Note
Specifying large <dup window> values with large tracefiles can result in very long
processing times for editcap.
-E <error probability>
Sets the probability that bytes in the output file are randomly changed. Editcap uses
that probability (between 0.0 and 1.0 inclusive) to apply errors to each data byte in
the file. For instance, a probability of 0.02 means that each byte has a 2% chance of
having an error.
This option is meant to be used for fuzz-testing protocol dissectors.
-F <file format>
Sets the file format of the output capture file. Editcap can write the file in several
formats, editcap -F provides a list of the available output formats. The default is
the pcapng format.
-h|--help
Print the version number and options and exit.
-i <seconds per file>
Splits the packet output to different files based on uniform time intervals using a
maximum interval of <seconds per file> each. Floating point values (e.g. 0.5) are
allowed.
Each output file will be created with an infix _nnnnn[_YYYYmmddHHMMSS] inserted before
the file extension (which may be null) of outfile. The infix consists of the ordinal
number of the output file, starting with 00000, followed by the timestamp of its first
packet. The timestamp is omitted if the input file does not contain timestamp
information.
After packets for the specified time interval are written to the output file, the next
output file is opened. The default is to use a single output file. This option
conflicts with -c.
-I <bytes to ignore>
Ignore the specified number of bytes at the beginning of the frame during MD5 hash
calculation, unless the frame is too short, then the full frame is used. Useful to
remove duplicated packets taken on several routers (different mac addresses for
example) e.g. -I 26 in case of Ether/IP will ignore ether(14) and IP header(20 - 4(src
ip) - 4(dst ip)). The default value is 0.
-L
Adjust the original frame length accordingly when chopping and/or snapping (in
addition to the captured length, which is always adjusted regardless of whether -L is
specified or not). See also -C <choplen> and -s <snaplen>.
-o <change offset>
When used in conjunction with -E, skip some bytes from the beginning of the packet
from being changed. In this way some headers don’t get changed, and the fuzzer is more
focused on a smaller part of the packet. Keeping a part of the packet fixed the same
dissector is triggered, that make the fuzzing more precise.
-r
Reverse the packet selection. Causes the packets whose packet numbers are specified on
the command line to be written to the output capture file, instead of discarding them.
-s <snaplen>
Sets the snapshot length to use when writing the data. If the -s flag is used to
specify a snapshot length, packets in the input file with more captured data than the
specified snapshot length will have only the amount of data specified by the snapshot
length written to the output file.
This may be useful if the program that is to read the output file cannot handle
packets larger than a certain size (for example, the versions of snoop in Solaris
2.5.1 and Solaris 2.6 appear to reject Ethernet packets larger than the standard
Ethernet MTU, making them incapable of handling gigabit Ethernet captures if jumbo
packets were used).
--seed <seed>
When used in conjunction with -E, set the seed for the pseudo-random number generator.
This is useful for recreating a particular sequence of errors.
--skip-radiotap-header
Skip the radiotap header of each frame when checking for packet duplicates. This is
useful when processing a capture created by combining outputs of multiple capture
devices on the same channel in the vicinity of each other.
-S <strict time adjustment>
Time adjust selected packets to ensure strict chronological order.
The <strict time adjustment> value represents relative seconds specified as
seconds[.fractional seconds].
As the capture file is processed each packet’s absolute time is possibly adjusted to
be equal to or greater than the previous packet’s absolute timestamp depending on the
<strict time adjustment> value.
If <strict time adjustment> value is 0 or greater (e.g. 0.000001) then only packets
with a timestamp less than the previous packet will adjusted. The adjusted timestamp
value will be set to be equal to the timestamp value of the previous packet plus the
value of the <strict time adjustment> value. A <strict time adjustment> value of 0
will adjust the minimum number of timestamp values necessary to ensure that the
resulting capture file is in strict chronological order.
If <strict time adjustment> value is specified as a negative value, then the timestamp
values of all packets will be adjusted to be equal to the timestamp value of the
previous packet plus the absolute value of the <strict time adjustment> value. A
<strict time adjustment> value of -0 will result in all packets having the timestamp
value of the first packet.
This feature is useful when the trace file has an occasional packet with a negative
delta time relative to the previous packet.
-t <time adjustment>
Sets the time adjustment to use on selected packets. If the -t flag is used to specify
a time adjustment, the specified adjustment will be applied to all selected packets in
the capture file. The adjustment is specified as seconds[.fractional seconds]. For
example, -t 3600 advances the timestamp on selected packets by one hour while -t -0.5
reduces the timestamp on selected packets by one-half second.
This feature is useful when synchronizing dumps collected on different machines where
the time difference between the two machines is known or can be estimated.
-T <encapsulation type>
Sets the packet encapsulation type of the output capture file. If the -T flag is used
to specify an encapsulation type, the encapsulation type of the output capture file
will be forced to the specified type. editcap -T provides a list of the available
types. The default type is the one appropriate to the encapsulation type of the input
capture file.
Note: this merely forces the encapsulation type of the output file to be the specified
type; the packet headers of the packets will not be translated from the encapsulation
type of the input capture file to the specified encapsulation type (for example, it
will not translate an Ethernet capture to an FDDI capture if an Ethernet capture is
read and '-T fddi' is specified). If you need to remove/add headers from/to a packet,
you will need od(1)/text2pcap(1).
-v|--version
Print the full version information and exit.
-V
Causes editcap to print verbose messages while it’s working.
Use of -V with the de-duplication switches of -d, -D or -w will cause all MD5 hashes
to be printed whether the packet is skipped or not.
-w <dup time window>
Attempts to remove duplicate packets. The current packet’s arrival time is compared
with up to 1000000 previous packets. If the packet’s relative arrival time is less
than or equal to the <dup time window> of a previous packet and the packet length and
MD5 hash of the current packet are the same then the packet to skipped. The duplicate
comparison test stops when the current packet’s relative arrival time is greater than
<dup time window>.
The <dup time window> is specified as seconds[.fractional seconds].
The [.fractional seconds] component can be specified to nine (9) decimal places
(billionths of a second) but most typical trace files have resolution to six (6)
decimal places (millionths of a second).
Note
Specifying large <dup time window> values with large tracefiles can result in very
long processing times for editcap.
Note
The -w option assumes that the packets are in chronological order. If the packets
are NOT in chronological order then the -w duplication removal option may not
identify some duplicates.
--inject-secrets <secrets type>,<file>
Inserts the contents of <file> into a Decryption Secrets Block (DSB) within the pcapng
output file. This enables decryption without requiring additional configuration in
protocol preferences.
The file format is described by <secrets type> which can be one of:
opcua OPC UA Key Log, see
https://ietf-opsawg-wg.github.io/draft-ietf-opsawg-pcap/draft-ietf-opsawg-pcapng.html#name-decryption-secrets-block
ssh SSH Key Log, see https://wiki.wireshark.org/SSH#key-log-format
tls TLS Key Log, see https://tlswg.org/sslkeylogfile/draft-ietf-tls-keylogfile.html
wg WireGuard Key Log, see https://wiki.wireshark.org/WireGuard#key-log-format
This option may be specified multiple times. The available options for <secrets type>
can be listed with --inject-secrets help.
--extract-secrets
Extracts each Decryption Secrets Block (DSB) contained within infile. If there is only
one, it is written to outfile instead of a capture file. If there is more than one,
they are each written to unique output files named with an infix _nnnnn before the
file extension of outfile in a manner similar to the -c flag (unless writing to
standard output.)
Incompatible with other options except for -V.
--discard-all-secrets
Discard all decryption secrets from the input file when writing the output file. Does
not discard secrets added by --inject-secrets in the same command line.
--capture-comment <comment>
Adds the given comment to the output file, if supported by the output file format. New
comments will be added after any comments present in the input file unless
--discard-capture-comment is also specified.
This option may be specified multiple times. Note that Wireshark currently only
displays the first comment of a capture file.
--discard-capture-comment
Discard all capture file comments from the input file when writing the output file.
Does not discard comments added by --capture-comment in the same command line.
--set-unused
Set the unused bytes (if any) to zero in SLL link type. Useful when when checking for
duplicates. As the unused bytes can be anything. When the packet traverses the device
stack for bonded interfaces on Linux for example.
--discard-packet-comments
Discard all packet comments from the input file when writing the output file. Does not
discard comments added by -a in the same command line.
--compress <type>
Compress the output file using the type compression format. --compress with no
argument provides a list of the compression formats supported for writing. The type
given takes precedence over the extension of outfile.
DIAGNOSTIC OPTIONS
--log-level <level>
Set the active log level. Supported levels in lowest to highest order are "noisy",
"debug", "info", "message", "warning", "critical", and "error". Messages at each level
and higher will be printed, for example "warning" prints "warning", "critical", and
"error" messages and "noisy" prints all messages. Levels are case insensitive.
--log-fatal <level>
Abort the program if any messages are logged at the specified level or higher. For
example, "warning" aborts on any "warning", "critical", or "error" messages.
--log-domains <list>
Only print messages for the specified log domains, e.g. "GUI,Epan,sshdump". List of
domains must be comma-separated. Can be negated with "!" as the first character
(inverts the match).
--log-debug <list>
Force the specified domains to log at the "debug" level. List of domains must be
comma-separated. Can be negated with "!" as the first character (inverts the match).
--log-noisy <list>
Force the specified domains to log at the "noisy" level. List of domains must be
comma-separated. Can be negated with "!" as the first character (inverts the match).
--log-fatal-domains <list>
Abort the program if any messages are logged for the specified log domains. List of
domains must be comma-separated.
--log-file <path>
Write log messages and stderr output to the specified file.
EXAMPLES
To see more detailed description of the options use:
editcap -h
To shrink the capture file by truncating the packets at 64 bytes and writing it as Sun
snoop file use:
editcap -s 64 -F snoop capture.pcapng shortcapture.snoop
To delete packet 1000 from the capture file use:
editcap capture.pcapng sans1000.pcapng 1000
To limit a capture file to packets from number 200 to 750 (inclusive) use:
editcap -r capture.pcapng small.pcapng 200-750
To get all packets from number 1-500 (inclusive) use:
editcap -r capture.pcapng first500.pcapng 1-500
or
editcap capture.pcapng first500.pcapng 501-9999999
To exclude packets 1, 5, 10 to 20 and 30 to 40 from the new file use:
editcap capture.pcapng exclude.pcapng 1 5 10-20 30-40
To select just packets 1, 5, 10 to 20 and 30 to 40 for the new file use:
editcap -r capture.pcapng select.pcapng 1 5 10-20 30-40
To remove duplicate packets seen within the prior four frames use:
editcap -d capture.pcapng dedup.pcapng
To remove duplicate packets seen within the prior four frames while skipping radiotap
headers use:
editcap -d --skip-radiotap-header capture.pcapng dedup.pcapng
To remove duplicate packets seen within the prior 100 frames use:
editcap -D 101 capture.pcapng dedup.pcapng
To remove duplicate packets seen equal to or less than 1/10th of a second:
editcap -w 0.1 capture.pcapng dedup.pcapng
To display the MD5 hash for all of the packets (and NOT generate any real output file):
editcap -V -D 0 capture.pcapng /dev/null
or on Windows systems
editcap -V -D 0 capture.pcapng NUL
To advance the timestamps of each packet forward by 3.0827 seconds:
editcap -t 3.0827 capture.pcapng adjusted.pcapng
To ensure all timestamps are in strict chronological order:
editcap -S 0 capture.pcapng adjusted.pcapng
To introduce 5% random errors in a capture file use:
editcap -E 0.05 capture.pcapng capture_error.pcapng
To remove vlan tags from all packets within an Ethernet-encapsulated capture file, use:
editcap -L -C 12:4 capture_vlan.pcapng capture_no_vlan.pcapng
To chop both the 10 byte and 20 byte regions from the following 75 byte packet in a single
pass, use any of the 8 possible methods provided below:
<--------------------------- 75 ---------------------------->
+---+-------+-----------+---------------+-------------------+
| 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 |
+---+-------+-----------+---------------+-------------------+
1) editcap -C 5:10 -C -25:-20 capture.pcapng chopped.pcapng
2) editcap -C 5:10 -C 50:-20 capture.pcapng chopped.pcapng
3) editcap -C -70:10 -C -25:-20 capture.pcapng chopped.pcapng
4) editcap -C -70:10 -C 50:-20 capture.pcapng chopped.pcapng
5) editcap -C 30:20 -C -60:-10 capture.pcapng chopped.pcapng
6) editcap -C 30:20 -C 15:-10 capture.pcapng chopped.pcapng
7) editcap -C -45:20 -C -60:-10 capture.pcapng chopped.pcapng
8) editcap -C -45:20 -C 15:-10 capture.pcapng chopped.pcapng
To add comment strings to the first 2 input frames, use:
editcap -a "1:1st frame" -a 2:Second capture.pcapng capture-comments.pcapng
SEE ALSO
pcap(3), wireshark(1), tshark(1), mergecap(1), dumpcap(1), capinfos(1), text2pcap(1),
reordercap(1), od(1), pcap-filter(7) or tcpdump(8)
NOTES
This is the manual page for Editcap 4.4.2. Editcap is part of the Wireshark distribution.
The latest version of Wireshark can be found at https://www.wireshark.org.
HTML versions of the Wireshark project man pages are available at
https://www.wireshark.org/docs/man-pages.
AUTHORS
Original Author
Richard Sharpe <sharpe[AT]ns.aus.com>
Contributors
Guy Harris <guy[AT]alum.mit.edu>
Ulf Lamping <ulf.lamping[AT]web.de>
2024-11-21 EDITCAP(1)