Provided by: opensc_0.25.1-2ubuntu1_amd64 
NAME
pkcs15-init - smart card personalization utility
SYNOPSIS
pkcs15-init [OPTIONS]
DESCRIPTION
The pkcs15-init utility can be used to create a PKCS #15 structure on a smart card, and
add key or certificate objects. Details of the structure that will be created are
controlled via profiles.
The profile used by default is pkcs15. Alternative profiles can be specified via the -p
switch.
PIN USAGE
pkcs15-init can be used to create a PKCS #15 structure on your smart card, create PINs,
and install keys and certificates on the card. This process is also called
personalization.
An OpenSC card can have one security officer PIN, and zero or more user PINs. PIN stands
for Personal Identification Number, and is a secret code you need to present to the card
before being allowed to perform certain operations, such as using one of the stored RSA
keys to sign a document, or modifying the card itself.
Usually, PINs are a sequence of decimal digits, but some cards will accept arbitrary ASCII
characters. Be aware however that using characters other than digits will make the card
unusable with PIN pad readers, because those usually have keys for entering digits only.
The security officer (SO) PIN is special; it is used to protect meta data information on
the card, such as the PKCS #15 structure itself. Setting the SO PIN is optional, because
the worst that can usually happen is that someone finding your card can mess it up. To
extract any of your secret keys stored on the card, an attacker will still need your user
PIN, at least for the default OpenSC profiles. However, it is possible to create card
profiles that will allow the security officer to override user PINs.
For each PIN, you can specify a PUK (also called unblock PIN). The PUK can be used to
overwrite or unlock a PIN if too many incorrect values have been entered in a row.
For some cards that use the PKCS#15 emulation, the attributes of private objects are
protected and cannot be parsed without authentication (usually with User PIN). This
authentication need to be done immediately after the card binding. In such cases
--verify-pin has to be used.
MODES OF OPERATION
Initialization
This is the first step during card personalization, and will create the basic files on the
card. To create the initial PKCS #15 structure, invoke the utility as
pkcs15-init --create-pkcs15
You will then be asked for the security officer PIN and PUK. Simply pressing return at the
SO PIN prompt will skip installation of an SO PIN.
If the card supports it, you should erase the contents of the card with pkcs15-init
--erase-card before creating the PKCS#15 structure.
User PIN Installation
Before installing any user objects such as private keys, you need at least one PIN to
protect these objects. you can do this using
pkcs15-init --store-pin --id " nn
where nn is a PKCS #15 ID in hexadecimal notation. Common values are 01, 02, etc.
Entering the command above will ask you for the user's PIN and PUK. If you do not wish to
install an unblock PIN, simply press return at the PUK prompt.
To set a label for this PIN object (which can be used by applications to display a
meaningful prompt to the user), use the --label command line option.
Key generation
pkcs15-init lets you generate a new key and store it on the card. You can do this using:
pkcs15-init --generate-key "keyspec" --auth-id "nn"
where keyspec describes the algorithm and the parameters of the key to be created. For
example, rsa:2048 generates a RSA key with 2048-bit modulus. If you are generating an EC
key, the curve designation must be specified, for example ec:prime256v1. For symmetric
key, the length of key is specified in bytes, for example AES:32 or DES3:24.
nn is the ID of a user PIN installed previously, e.g. 01.
In addition to storing the private portion of the key on the card, pkcs15-init will also
store the public portion of the key as a PKCS #15 public key object.
Private Key Upload
You can use a private key generated by other means and upload it to the card. For
instance, to upload a private key contained in a file named okir.pem, which is in PEM
format, you would use
pkcs15-init --store-private-key okir.pem --id 45 --auth-id 01
In addition to storing the private portion of the key on the card, pkcs15-init will also
store the public portion of the key as a PKCS #15 public key object.
Note that usage of --id option in the pkcs15-init commands to generate or to import a new
key is deprecated. Better practice is to let the middleware to derive the identifier from
the key material. (SHA1(modulus) for RSA, ...). This allows easily set up relation between
'related' objects (private/public keys and certificates).
In addition to the PEM key file format, pkcs15-init also supports DER encoded keys, and
PKCS #12 files. The latter is the file format used by Netscape Navigator (among others)
when exporting certificates to a file. A PKCS #12 file usually contains the X.509
certificate corresponding to the private key. If that is the case, pkcs15-init will store
the certificate instead of the public key portion.
Public Key Upload
You can also upload individual public keys to the card using the --store-public-key
option, which takes a filename as an argument. This file is supposed to contain the public
key. If you don't specify a key file format using the --format option, pkcs15-init will
assume PEM format. The only other supported public key file format is DER.
Since the corresponding public keys are always uploaded automatically when generating a
new key, or when uploading a private key, you will probably use this option only very
rarely.
Certificate Upload
You can upload certificates to the card using the --store-certificate option, which takes
a filename as an argument. This file is supposed to contain the PEM encoded X.509
certificate.
Uploading PKCS #12 bags
Most browsers nowadays use PKCS #12 format files when you ask them to export your key and
certificate to a file. pkcs15-init is capable of parsing these files, and storing their
contents on the card in a single operation. This works just like storing a private key,
except that you need to specify the file format:
pkcs15-init --store-private-key okir.p12 --format pkcs12 --auth-id 01
This will install the private key contained in the file okir.p12, and protect it with the
PIN referenced by authentication ID 01. It will also store any X.509 certificates
contained in the file, which is usually the user certificate that goes with the key, as
well as the CA certificate.
Secret Key Upload
You can use a secret key generated by other means and upload it to the card. For instance,
to upload an AES-secret key generated by the system random generator you would use
pkcs15-init --store-secret-key /dev/urandom --secret-key-algorithm aes:256 --auth-id 01
By default a random ID is generated for the secret key. You may specify an ID with the
--id if needed.
OPTIONS
--version,
Print the OpenSC package release version.
--card-profile name, -c name
Tells pkcs15-init to load the specified card profile option. You will rarely need this
option.
--create-pkcs15, -C
This tells pkcs15-init to create a PKCS #15 structure on the card, and initialize any
PINs.
--serial SERIAL
Specify the serial number of the card.
--erase-card, -E
This will erase the card prior to creating the PKCS #15 structure, if the card
supports it. If the card does not support erasing, pkcs15-init will fail.
--erase-application AID
This will erase the application with the application identifier AID.
--generate-key keyspec, -G keyspec
Tells the card to generate new key and store it on the card. keyspec consists of an
algorithm name, optionally followed by a colon ":", slash "/" or hyphen "-" and the
parameters of the key to be created. It is a good idea to specify the key ID along
with this command, using the id option, otherwise an intrinsic ID will be calculated
from the key material. Look the description of the 'pkcs15-id-style' attribute in the
'pkcs15.profile' for the details about the algorithm used to calculate intrinsic ID.
For the multi-application cards the target PKCS#15 application can be specified by the
hexadecimal AID value of the aid option.
--pin pin, --puk puk, --so-pin sopin, --so-puk sopuk
These options can be used to specify the PIN/PUK values on the command line. If the
value is set to env:VARIABLE, the value of the specified environment variable is used.
By default, the code is prompted on the command line if needed.
Note that on most operation systems, any user can display the command line of any
process on the system using utilities such as ps(1). Therefore, you should prefer
passing the codes via an environment variable on an unsecured system.
--no-so-pin,
Do not install a SO PIN, and do not prompt for it.
--profile name, -p name
Tells pkcs15-init to load the specified general profile. Currently, the only
application profile defined is pkcs15, but you can write your own profiles and specify
them using this option.
The profile name can be combined with one or more profile options, which slightly
modify the profile's behavior. For instance, the default OpenSC profile supports the
openpin option, which installs a single PIN during card initialization. This PIN is
then used both as the SO PIN as well as the user PIN for all keys stored on the card.
Profile name and options are separated by a + character, as in pkcs15+onepin.
--secret-key-algorithm keyspec,
keyspec describes the algorithm and length of the key to be created or downloaded,
such as aes:256. This will create a 256 bit AES key.
--store-certificate filename, -X filename
Tells pkcs15-init to store the certificate given in filename on the card, creating a
certificate object with the ID specified via the --id option. Without supplied ID an
intrinsic ID will be calculated from the certificate's public key. Look the
description of the 'pkcs15-id-style' attribute in the 'pkcs15.profile' for the details
about the algorithm used to calculate intrinsic ID. The file is assumed to contain the
PEM encoded certificate. For the multi-application cards the target application can be
specified by the hexadecimal AID value of the aid option.
--store-pin, -P
Store a new PIN/PUK on the card.
--store-public-key filename
Tells pkcs15-init to download the specified public key to the card and create a public
key object with the key ID specified via the --id. By default, the file is assumed to
contain the key in PEM format. Alternative formats can be specified using --format.
--store-private-key filename, -S filename
Tells pkcs15-init to download the specified private key to the card. This command will
also create a public key object containing the public key portion. By default, the
file is assumed to contain the key in PEM format. Alternative formats can be specified
using --format. It is a good idea to specify the key ID along with this command, using
the --id option, otherwise an intrinsic ID will be calculated from the key material.
Look the description of the 'pkcs15-id-style' attribute in the 'pkcs15.profile' for
the details about the algorithm used to calculate intrinsic ID. For the
multi-application cards the target PKCS#15 application can be specified by the
hexadecimal AID value of the aid option.
--store-secret-key filename,
Tells pkcs15-init to download the specified secret key to the card. The file is
assumed to contain the raw key. They key type should be specified with
--secret-key-algorithm option.
You may additionally specify the key ID along with this command, using the --id
option, otherwise a random ID is generated. For the multi-application cards the target
PKCS#15 application can be specified by the hexadecimal AID value of the aid option.
--store-data filename, -W filename
Store a data object.
--update-certificate filename, -U filename
Tells pkcs15-init to update the certificate object with the ID specified via the --id
option with the certificate in filename. The file is assumed to contain a PEM encoded
certificate.
Pay extra attention when updating mail decryption certificates, as missing
certificates can render e-mail messages unreadable!
--delete-objects arg, -D arg
Tells pkcs15-init to delete the specified object. arg is comma-separated list
containing any of privkey, pubkey, secrkey, cert, chain or data.
When data is specified, an ---application-id must also be specified, in the other
cases an --id must also be specified
When chain is specified, the certificate chain starting with the cert with specified
ID will be deleted, until there's a CA certificate that certifies another cert on the
card
--change-attributes arg, -A arg
Tells pkcs15-init to change the specified attribute. arg is either privkey, pubkey,
secrkey, cert or data. You also have to specify the --id of the object. For now, you
can only change the --label, e.g:
pkcs15-init -A cert --id 45 -a 1 --label Jim
--use-default-transport-keys, -T
Tells pkcs15-init to not ask for the transport keys and use default keys, as known by
the card driver.
--sanity-check
Tells pkcs15-init to perform a card specific sanity check and possibly update
procedure.
--reader arg, -r arg
Number of the reader to use. By default, the first reader with a present card is used.
If arg is an ATR, the reader with a matching card will be chosen.
--verbose, -v
Causes pkcs15-init to be more verbose. Specify this flag several times to enable debug
output in the OpenSC library.
--wait, -w
Causes pkcs15-init to wait for a card insertion.
--use-pinpad
Do not prompt the user; if no PINs supplied, pinpad will be used.
--auth-id filename, -a filename
Specify ID of PIN to use/create
--puk-id ID
Specify ID of PUK to use/create
--label LABEL
Specify label for a PIN, key, certificate or data object when creating a new objects.
When deleting objects, this can be used to delete object by label.
--puk-label LABEL
Specify label of PUK
--public-key-label LABEL
Specify public key label (use with --generate-key)
--cert-label LABEL
Specify user cert label (use with --store-private-key)
--application-name arg
Specify application name of data object (use with --store-data-object)
--aid AID
Specify AID of the on-card PKCS#15 application to be binded to (in hexadecimal form)
--output-file filename -o filename,
Output public portion of generated key to file
--passphrase PASSPHRASE
Specify passphrase for unlocking secret key
--authority
Mark certificate as a CA certificate
--key-usage arg -u arg,
Specifies the X.509 key usage. arg is comma-separated list containing any of
digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyEncipherment, dataEncipherment, keyAgreement,
keyCertSign, cRLSign. Abbreviated names are allowed if unique (e.g. dataEnc).
The alias sign is equivalent to digitalSignature,keyCertSign,cRLSign
The alias decrypt is equivalent to keyEncipherment,dataEncipherment
--finalize -F,
Finish initialization phase of the smart card
--update-last-update
Update 'lastUpdate' attribute of tokenInfo
--ignore-ca-certificates
When storing PKCS#12 ignore CA certificates
--update-existing
Store or update existing certificate
--extractable
Private key stored as an extractable key
--user-consent arg
Specify user-consent. arg is an integer value. If > 0, the value specifies how many
times the object can be accessed before a new authentication is required. If zero, the
object does not require re-authentication.
--insecure
Insecure mode: do not require a PIN for private key
--md-container-guid GUID
For a new key specify GUID for a MD container
--help -h,
Display help message
SEE ALSO
pkcs15-profile(5)
AUTHORS
pkcs15-init was written by Olaf Kirch <okir@suse.de>.