NAME

       dd - Copy, and optionally convert, a file system resource

SYNOPSIS

       dd [-h|--help] [-V|--version] [operands]

DESCRIPTION

       Copy, and optionally convert, a file system resource

OPTIONS

       -h, --help
              Print help

       -V, --version
              Print version

       [operands]

EXTRA

       ### Operands

       - bs=BYTES : read and write up to BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512);
          overwrites ibs and obs.  - cbs=BYTES : the 'conversion block size' in bytes. Applies to
       the
          conv=block, and conv=unblock operations.  - conv=CONVS  :  a  comma-separated  list  of
       conversion options or (for legacy
          reasons)  file flags.  - count=N : stop reading input after N ibs-sized read operations
       rather
          than proceeding until EOF. See iflag=count_bytes if stopping after N bytes
          is preferred - ibs=N : the size of buffer used for reads (default: 512) - if=FILE : the
       file  used  for  input.  When  not  specified,  stdin  is  used  instead - iflag=FLAGS : a
       comma-separated list of input flags which specify how the
          input source is treated. FLAGS may be any of the input-flags or general-flags
          specified below.  - skip=N (or iseek=N) : skip N ibs-sized records  into  input  before
       beginning
          copy/convert operations. See iflag=seek_bytes if seeking N bytes is preferred.  - obs=N
       : the size of buffer used for writes (default: 512) - of=FILE : the file used for  output.
       When not specified, stdout is used
          instead - oflag=FLAGS : comma separated list of output flags which specify how the
          output source is treated. FLAGS may be any of the output flags or general
          flags  specified  below  -  seek=N (or oseek=N) : seeks N obs-sized records into output
       before
          beginning copy/convert operations. See oflag=seek_bytes if seeking N bytes is
          preferred - status=LEVEL : controls whether volume and performance stats are written to
          stderr.

         When unspecified, dd will print stats upon completion. An example is below.

         plain
           6+0 records in
           16+0 records out
           8192 bytes (8.2 kB, 8.0 KiB) copied, 0.00057009 s,
           14.4 MB/s

         The first two lines are the 'volume' stats and the final line is the
         'performance' stats.
         The volume stats indicate the number of complete and partial ibs-sized reads,
         or obs-sized writes that took place during the copy. The format of the volume
         stats is <complete>+<partial>. If records have been truncated (see
         conv=block), the volume stats will contain the number of truncated records.

         Possible LEVEL values are:
         - progress : Print periodic performance stats as the copy proceeds.
         - noxfer : Print final volume stats, but not performance stats.
         - none : Do not print any stats.

         Printing performance stats is also triggered by the INFO signal (where supported),
         or the USR1 signal. Setting the POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable to any value
         (including an empty value) will cause the USR1 signal to be ignored.

       ### Conversion Options

       - ascii : convert from EBCDIC to ASCII. This is the inverse of the ebcdic
         option. Implies conv=unblock.  - ebcdic : convert from ASCII  to  EBCDIC.  This  is  the
       inverse of the ascii
         option.  Implies  conv=block.   -  ibm  :  convert  from  ASCII  to EBCDIC, applying the
       conventions for [, ]
         and ~ specified in POSIX. Implies conv=block.

       - ucase : convert from lower-case to upper-case.  - lcase : converts  from  upper-case  to
       lower-case.

       - block : for each newline less than the size indicated by cbs=BYTES, remove
         the  newline  and  pad  with  spaces  up to cbs. Lines longer than cbs are truncated.  -
       unblock : for each block of input of the size indicated by cbs=BYTES, remove
         right-trailing spaces and replace with a newline character.

       - sparse : attempts to seek the output when an obs-sized block consists of
         only zeros.  - swab : swaps each adjacent pair of bytes. If an odd number of bytes is
         present, the final byte is omitted.  - sync : pad each ibs-sided block  with  zeros.  If
       block or unblock is
         specified,  pad  with spaces instead.  - excl : the output file must be created. Fail if
       the output file is already
         present.  - nocreat : the output file will not be created. Fail if the output file in
         not already present.  - notrunc : the output file will not be truncated. If this  option
       is not
         present,  output  will  be  truncated  when opened.  - noerror : all read errors will be
       ignored. If this option is not present,
         dd will only ignore Error::Interrupted.  - fdatasync  :  data  will  be  written  before
       finishing.  - fsync : data and metadata will be written before finishing.

       ### Input flags

       -  count_bytes  : a value to count=N will be interpreted as bytes.  - skip_bytes : a value
       to skip=N will be interpreted as bytes.  - fullblock : wait for ibs bytes from each  read.
       zero-length reads are still
         considered EOF.

       ### Output flags

       -  append : open file in append mode. Consider setting conv=notrunc as well.  - seek_bytes
       : a value to seek=N will be interpreted as bytes.

       ### General Flags

       - direct : use direct I/O for data.  - directory : fail unless the given input (if used as
       an iflag) or
         output  (if  used as an oflag) is a directory.  - dsync : use synchronized I/O for data.
       - sync : use synchronized I/O for data and metadata.  - nonblock : use  non-blocking  I/O.
       -  noatime : do not update access time.  - nocache : request that OS drop cache.  - noctty
       : do not assign a controlling tty.  - nofollow : do not follow system links.

VERSION

       v0.0.27

                                            dd 0.0.27                                       dd(1)