Ubuntu Manpage: master - Postfix master process configuration file format

NAME

       master - Postfix master process configuration file format

DESCRIPTION

       The  Postfix  mail  system is implemented by small number of (mostly) client commands that
       are invoked by users, and by a larger number of services that run in the background.

       Postfix services are implemented by daemon processes. These run in the background, started
       on-demand by the master(8) process.  The master.cf configuration file defines how a client
       program connects to a service, and what daemon program runs when a service  is  requested.
       Most  daemon  processes  are  short-lived  and terminate voluntarily after serving max_use
       clients, or after inactivity for max_idle or more units of time.

       All daemons specified here must speak a Postfix-internal protocol.  In  order  to  execute
       non-Postfix  software  use  the  local(8),  pipe(8)  or  spawn(8) services, or execute the
       software with inetd(8) or equivalent.

       After changing master.cf you must execute "postfix reload" to reload the configuration.

SYNTAX

The general format of the master.cf file is as follows:

• Empty lines and whitespace-only lines are ignored, as are lines whose first
non-whitespace character is a `#'.

• A logical line starts with non-whitespace text. A line that starts with whitespace
continues a logical line.

• Each logical line defines a single Postfix service. Each service is identified by
its name and type as described below. When multiple lines specify the same service
name and type, only the last one is remembered. Otherwise, the order of master.cf
service definitions does not matter.

Each logical line consists of eight fields separated by whitespace. These are described
below in the order as they appear in the master.cf file.

Where applicable a field of "-" requests that the built-in default value be used. For
boolean fields specify "y" or "n" to override the default value.

Service name
The service name syntax depends on the service type as described next.

Service type
Specify one of the following service types:

inet The service listens on a TCP/IP socket and is accessible via the network.

The service name is specified as host:port, denoting the host and port on
which new connections should be accepted. The host part (and colon) may be
omitted. Either host or port may be given in symbolic form (see hosts(5) or
services(5)) or in numeric form (IP address or port number). Host
information may be enclosed inside "[]"; this form is necessary only with
IPv6 addresses.

Examples: a service named 127.0.0.1:smtp or ::1:smtp receives mail via the
loopback interface only; and a service named 10025 accepts connections on
TCP port 10025 via all interfaces configured with the inet_interfaces
parameter.

Note: with Postfix version 2.2 and later specify "inet_interfaces =
loopback-only" in main.cf, instead of hard-coding loopback IP address
information in master.cf or in main.cf.

unix The service listens on a UNIX-domain stream socket and is accessible for
local clients only.

The service name is a pathname relative to the Postfix queue directory
(pathname controlled with the queue_directory configuration parameter in
main.cf).

On Solaris 8 and earlier systems the unix type is implemented with streams
sockets.

unix-dgram
The service listens on a UNIX-domain datagram socket and is accessible for
local clients only.

The service name is a pathname relative to the Postfix queue directory
(pathname controlled with the queue_directory configuration parameter in
main.cf).

fifo (obsolete)
The service listens on a FIFO (named pipe) and is accessible for local
clients only.

The service name is a pathname relative to the Postfix queue directory
(pathname controlled with the queue_directory configuration parameter in
main.cf).

pass The service listens on a UNIX-domain stream socket, and is accessible to
local clients only. It receives one open connection (file descriptor
passing) per connection request.

The service name is a pathname relative to the Postfix queue directory
(pathname controlled with the queue_directory configuration parameter in
main.cf).

On Solaris 8 and earlier systems the pass type is implemented with streams
sockets.

This feature is available as of Postfix version 2.5.

Private (default: y)
Whether a service is internal to Postfix (pathname starts with private/), or
exposed through Postfix command-line tools (pathname starts with public/).
Internet (type inet) services can't be private.

Unprivileged (default: y)
Whether the service runs with root privileges or as the owner of the Postfix system
(the owner name is controlled by the mail_owner configuration variable in the
main.cf file).

The local(8), pipe(8), spawn(8), and virtual(8) daemons require privileges.

Chroot (default: Postfix >= 3.0: n, Postfix < 3.0: y)
Whether or not the service runs chrooted to the mail queue directory (pathname is
controlled by the queue_directory configuration variable in the main.cf file).

Chroot should not be used with the local(8), pipe(8), spawn(8), and virtual(8)
daemons. Although the proxymap(8) server can run chrooted, doing so defeats most
of the purpose of having that service in the first place.

The files in the examples/chroot-setup subdirectory of the Postfix source show how
to set up a Postfix chroot environment on a variety of systems. See also
BASIC_CONFIGURATION_README for issues related to running daemons chrooted.

Wake up time (default: 0)
Automatically wake up the named service after the specified number of seconds. The
wake up is implemented by connecting to the service and sending a wake up request.
A ? at the end of the wake-up time field requests that no wake up events be sent
before the first time a service is used. Specify 0 for no automatic wake up.

The pickup(8), qmgr(8) and flush(8) daemons require a wake up timer.

Process limit (default: $default_process_limit)
The maximum number of processes that may execute this service simultaneously.
Specify 0 for no process count limit.

NOTE: Some Postfix services must be configured as a single-process service (for
example, qmgr(8)) and some services must be configured with no process limit (for
example, cleanup(8)). These limits must not be changed.

Command name + arguments
The command to be executed. Characters that are special to the shell such as ">"
or "|" have no special meaning here, and quotes cannot be used to protect arguments
containing whitespace. To protect whitespace, use "{" and "}" as described below.

The command name is relative to the Postfix daemon directory (pathname is
controlled by the daemon_directory configuration variable).

The command argument syntax for specific commands is specified in the respective
daemon manual page.

The following command-line options have the same effect for all daemon programs:

-D Run the daemon under control by the command specified with the
debugger_command variable in the main.cf configuration file. See
DEBUG_README for hints and tips.

-o { name = value } (long form, Postfix >= 3.0)

-o name=value (short form)
Override the named main.cf configuration parameter. The parameter value can
refer to other parameters as $name etc., just like in main.cf. See
postconf(5) for syntax.

NOTE 1: With the "long form" shown above, whitespace after "{", around "=",
and before "}" is ignored, and whitespace within the parameter value is
preserved.

NOTE 2: with the "short form" shown above, do not specify whitespace around
the "=" or in parameter values. To specify a parameter value that contains
whitespace, use the long form described above, or use commas instead of
spaces, or specify the value in main.cf. Example:

/etc/postfix/master.cf:
submission inet .... smtpd
-o smtpd_xxx_yyy=$submission_xxx_yyy

/etc/postfix/main.cf
submission_xxx_yyy = text with whitespace...

NOTE 3: Over-zealous use of parameter overrides makes the Postfix
configuration hard to understand and maintain. At a certain point, it might
be easier to configure multiple instances of Postfix, instead of configuring
multiple personalities via master.cf.

-v Increase the verbose logging level. Specify multiple -v options to make a
Postfix daemon process increasingly verbose.

Command-line arguments that start with {
With Postfix 3.0 and later specify "{" and "}" around command arguments that
start with "{". The outer "{" and "}" are removed from the input, together
with any leading or trailing whitespace.

Other command-line arguments
Specify "{" and "}" around command arguments that contain whitespace
(Postfix 3.0 and later). The outer "{" and "}" are removed from the input,
together with any leading or trailing whitespace.

README FILES

       Use "postconf readme_directory" or "postconf html_directory" to locate this information.
       BASIC_CONFIGURATION_README, basic configuration
       DEBUG_README, Postfix debugging

LICENSE

       The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.

AUTHOR(S)

       Initial version by
       Magnus Baeck
       Lund Institute of Technology
       Sweden

       Wietse Venema
       IBM T.J. Watson Research
       P.O. Box 704
       Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA

       Wietse Venema
       Google, Inc.
       111 8th Avenue
       New York, NY 10011, USA

                                                                                        MASTER(5)

NAME

DESCRIPTION

SYNTAX

SEE ALSO

README FILES

LICENSE

AUTHOR(S)