Provided by: shorewall-core_5.2.8-6_all 
NAME
shorewall - Administration tool for Shoreline Firewall (Shorewall)
SYNOPSIS
shorewall[6][-lite] [options] add { interface[:host-list]... zone | zone host-list }
shorewall[6][-lite] [options] allow address
shorewall[6][-lite] [options] blacklist[!] address [option ...]
shorewall[6][-lite] [options] call function [parameter ...]
shorewall[6] [trace|debug] [options] [check | ck ] [-e] [-d] [-p] [-r] [-T] [-i]
[directory]
shorewall[6][-lite] [options] clear [-f]
shorewall[6][-lite] [options] close { open-number | sourcedest [protocol [ port ]]}
shorewall[6] [trace|debug] [options] [compile | co ] [-e] [-c] [-d] [-p] [-T] [-i]
[directory] [pathname]
shorewall[6][-lite] [options] delete { interface[:host-list]... zone | zone host-list }
shorewall[6][-lite] [options] disable { interface | provider }
shorewall[6][-lite] [options] drop address
shorewall[6][-lite] [options] dump [-x] [-l] [-m] [-c]
shorewall[6][-lite] [options] enable { interface | provider }
shorewall[6] [options] export [directory1] [user@]system[:directory2]
shorewall[6][-lite] [options] forget [filename]
shorewall[6][-lite] [options] help
shorewall[-lite] [options] hits [-t]
shorewall[-lite] [options] ipcalc {address mask | address/vlsm}
shorewall[-lite] [options] iprange address1-address2
shorewall[6][-lite] [options] iptrace iptables match expression
shorewall[6][-lite] [options] logdrop address
shorewall[6][-lite] [options] logwatch [-m] [refresh-interval]
shorewall[6][-lite] [options] logreject address
shorewall[6][-lite] [options] noiptrace iptables match expression
shorewall[6][-lite] [options] open source dest [ protocol [ port ] ]
shorewall[6][-lite] [options] reenable { interface | provider }
shorewall[6][-lite] [options] reject address
shorewall[6][-lite] [options] reload [-n] [-p [-d]] [-f] [-c] [-T] [-i] [-C] [directory]
shorewall[6] remote-getcaps [-s] [-R] [-r root-user-name] [-T] [-i] [[-D]directory]
[system]
shorewall[6] [options] remote-getrc [-s] [-c] [-r root-user-name] [-T] [-i]
[[-D]directory] [system]
shorewall[6] [options] remote-start [-s] [-c] [-r root-user-name] [-T] [-i]
[[-D]directory] [system]
shorewall[6] [options] remote-reload [-s] [-c] [-r root-user-name] [-T] [-i]
[[-D]directory] [system]
shorewall[6] [options] remote-restart [-s] [-c] [-r root-user-name] [-T] [-i]
[[-D]directory] [system]
shorewall[6][-lite] [options] reset [chain ...]
shorewall[6][-lite] [options] restart [-n] [-p [-d]] [-f] [-c] [-T] [-i] [-C] [directory]
shorewall[6][-lite] [options] restore [-n] [-p] [-C] [filename]
shorewall[6][-lite] [options] run command [parameter ...]
shorewall[6] [options] safe-restart [-d] [-p] [-t timeout] [directory]
shorewall[6] [options] safe-start [-d] [-p] [-t timeout] [directory]
shorewall[6][-lite] [options] save [-C] [filename]
shorewall[6][-lite] [options] savesets
shorewall[6][-lite] [options] {show | list | ls } [-x] {bl|blacklists}
shorewall[6][-lite] [options] {show | list | ls } [-b] [-x] [-l]
[-t {filter|mangle|nat|raw}] [chain...]
shorewall[6][-lite] [options] {show | list | ls } [-f] capabilities
shorewall[6] [options] {show | list | ls } [-f] {actions|macros}
shorewall[6] [options] {show | list | ls } action action
shorewall[6][-lite] [options] {show | list | ls }
{classifiers|connections|config|events|filters|ip|ipa|ipsec|zones|policies|marks}
shorewall[6][-lite] [options] {show | list | ls } event event
shorewall[6][-lite] [options] {show | list | ls } [-c] routing
shorewall[6] [options] {show | list | ls } macro macro
shorewall[6][-lite] [options] {show | list | ls } [-x] {mangle|nat|raw}
shorewall[6][-lite] [options] {show | list | ls } saves
shorewall[6][-lite] [options] {show | list | ls } [-m] log
shorewall[6][-lite] [trace|debug] [options] start [-n] [-f] [-p] [-c] [-T [-i]] [-C]
[directory]
shorewall[6][-lite] [options] stop [-f]
shorewall[6][-lite] [options] status [-i]
shorewall[6] [options] try directory [timeout]
shorewall[6] [options] update [-b] [-d] [-r] [-T] [-a] [-i] [-A] [directory]
shorewall[6][-lite] [options] version [-a]
DESCRIPTION
Beginning with Shorewall 5.1.0, the shorewall utility is used to control the Shoreline
Firewall (Shorewall), Shorewall Firewall 6 (Shorewall6), Shorewall Firewall Lite
(Shorewall-lite) and Shorewall Firewall 6 Lite (Shorewall6-lite). The utility may be
accessed under four different names:
shorewall
Controls the Shorewall configuration when Shorewall is installed. If Shorewall is not
installed, the shorewall command controls Shorewall-lite if it is installed. If
neither Shorewall nor Shorewall-lite is installed, the shorewall command controls
Shorewall6-lite if it is installed.
shorewall6
The shorewall6 command controls Shorewall6 when Shorewall6 is installed.
shorewall-lite
The shorewall-lite command controls Shorewall-lite when Shorewall-lite is installed.
shorewall6-lite
The shorewall6-lite command controls Shorewall6-lite when Shorewall6-lite is
installed.
Prior to Shorewall 5.1.0, these four commands were implemented as four separate program,
each of which controlled only a single firewall package. This manpage serves to document
both the Shorewall 5.1 and Shorewall 5.0 CLI.
OPTIONS
The options are:
-4
Added in Shorewall 5.1.0. Causes the command to operate on the Shorewall configuration
or the Shorewall-lite configuration. It is the default when either of those products
is installed and when the command is shorewall or shorewall-lite.
-6
Added in Shorewall 5.1.0. Causes the command to operate on the Shorewall6 or
Shorewall6-lite configuration. It is the default when only Shorewall6-lite is
installed and when the command is shorewall6 or shorewall6-lite.
-l
Added in Shorewall 5.1.0. Causes the command to operate on either Shorewall-lite or
Shorewall-6 lite and is the default when Shorewall is not installed or when the
command is shorewall-lite or shorewall6-lite.
With all four firewall products (Shorewall, Shorewall6, Shorewall-lite and
Shorewall6-lite) installed, the following table shows the correspondence between the
name used to invoke the command and the shorewall command with the above three
options.
Table 1. All four products installed
The next table shows the correspondence when only Shorewall-lite and Shorewall6-lite
are installed.
Table 2. Only Shorewall-lite and Shorewall6-lite installed
Note that when Shorewall isn't installed, the 'shorewall' command behaves like
shorewall-lite. The same is not true with respect to Shorewall6, "shorewall6" and
'shorewall6-lite". You can make 'shorewall6' behave like 'shorewallt-lite' by adding
the following command to root's .profile file (or to .bashrc, if root's shell is
bash):
alias shorewall6=shorewall6-lite
-v[verbosity]
Alters the amount of output produced by the command. If neither the -v nor -q option
are specified, the amount of output is determined by the VERBOSITY setting in
shorewall.conf[1](5) (shorewall6.conf[1](5)).
When no verbosity is specified, each instance of this option causes 1 to be added to
the effective verbosity. When verbosity (-1,0,1 or 2) is given, the command is
executed at the specified VERBOSITY. There may be no white-space between -v and the
verbosity.
-q
Alters the amount of output produced by the command. If neither the -v nor -q option
are specified, the amount of output is determined by the VERBOSITY setting in
shorewall.conf[1](5) (shorewall6.conf[1](5)).
Each instance of this option causes 1 to be subtracted from the effective verbosity.
-t
Causes all progress messages to be timestamped.
-T
Added in Shorewall 5.2.4 to replace the earlier trace keyword.. If the command invokes
the generated firewall script, the script's execution will be traced to standard
error.
-D
Added in Shorewall 5.2.4 to replace the earlier debug keyword. If the command invokes
the generated firewall script, individual invocations of the ip[6]tables utility will
be used to configure the ruleset rather than ip[6]tables-restore. This is useful for
diagnosing ip[6]tables-restore failures on a *COMMIT command.
Note
Prior to Shorewall 5.2.4, the general syntax for a CLI command was:
[trace|debug] [nolock] [options] command [command-options] [command-arguments]
Examples:
shorewall debug -tv2 reload
shorewall trace check
shorewall nolock enable eth0
In Shorewall 5.2.4 and later, those commands would be:
shorewall -Dtv2 reload
shorewall check -D
shorewall -N enable eth0
While not shown in the command synopses at the top of this page, the nolock keyword is
still supported in Shorewall 5.2.4 and later, but is deprecated in favor of the -N
option.
COMMANDS
The available commands are listed below.
add { interface[:host-list]... zone | zone host-list }
Adds a list of hosts or subnets to a dynamic zone usually used with VPN's.
The interface argument names an interface defined in the shorewall-interfaces[2](5)
(shorewall6-interfaces[2](5))file. A host-list is comma-separated list whose elements
are host or network addresses..if n .sp
Caution
The add command is not very robust. If there are errors in the host-list, you may
see a large number of error messages yet a subsequent shorewall show zones command
will indicate that all hosts were added. If this happens, replace add by delete
and run the same command again. Then enter the correct command.
Beginning with Shorewall 4.5.9, the dynamic_shared zone option
(shorewall-zones[3](5),shorewall6-zones[3](5)) allows a single ipset to handle entries
for multiple interfaces. When that option is specified for a zone, the add command has
the alternative syntax in which the zone name precedes the host-list.
allow address
Re-enables receipt of packets from hosts previously blacklisted by a blacklist, drop,
logdrop, reject, or logreject command.
blacklist[!] address [ option ... ]
Added in Shorewall 5.0.8 and requires DYNAMIC_BLACKLIST=ipset.. in
shorewall.conf[1](5). Causes packets from the given host or network address to be
dropped, based on the setting of BLACKLIST in shorewall.conf[1](5). The address along
with any options are passed to the ipset add command. Probably the most useful option
is the timeout option. For example, to permanently blacklist 192.0.2.22, the command
would be:
shorewall blacklist 192.0.2.22 timeout 0
Beginning with Shorewall 5.2.5, the above command can be shortened to:
shorewall blacklist! 192.0.2.22
If the disconnect option is specified in the DYNAMIC_BLACKLISTING setting, then the
effective VERBOSITY determines the amount of information displayed:
• If the effective verbosity is > 0, then a message giving the number of conntrack
flows deleted by the command is displayed.
• If the effective verbosity is > 1, then the conntrack table entries deleted by the
command are also displayed.
call function [ parameter ... ]
Added in Shorewall 4.6.10. Allows you to call a function in one of the Shorewall
libraries or in your compiled script. function must name the shell function to be
called. The listed parameters are passed to the function.
The function is first searched for in lib.base, lib.common, lib.cli and lib.cli-std.
If it is not found, the call command is passed to the generated script to be executed.
check [-e] [-d] [-p] [-r] [-T] [-i] [-D][directory]
Not available with Shorewall[6]-lite.
Compiles the configuration in the specified directory and discards the compiled output
script. If no directory is given, then /etc/shorewall is assumed.
The -e option causes the compiler to look for a file named capabilities. This file is
produced using the command shorewall-lite show -f capabilities > capabilities on a
system with Shorewall Lite installed.
The -d option causes the compiler to be run under control of the Perl debugger.
The -p option causes the compiler to be profiled via the Perl -wd:DProf command-line
option.
The -r option was added in Shorewall 4.5.2 and causes the compiler to print the
generated ruleset to standard out.
The -T option was added in Shorewall 4.4.20 and causes a Perl stack trace to be
included with each compiler-generated error and warning message.
The -i option was added in Shorewall 4.6.0 and causes a warning message to be issued
if the current line contains alternative input specifications following a semicolon
(";"). Such lines will be handled incorrectly if INLINE_MATCHES is set to Yes in
shorewall.conf[1](5) (shorewall6.conf[1](5)).
The -D option was added in Shoewall 5.2.4 and causes the compiler to write a large
amount of debugging information to standard output.
clear [-f]
Clear will remove all rules and chains installed by Shorewall. The firewall is then
wide open and unprotected. Existing connections are untouched. Clear is often used to
see if the firewall is causing connection problems.
If -f is given, the command will be processed by the compiled script that executed the
last successful start, restart or reload command if that script exists.
close { open-number | source dest [ protocol [ port ] ] }
Added in Shorewall 4.5.8. This command closes a temporary open created by the open
command. In the first form, an open-number specifies the open to be closed. Open
numbers are displayed in the num column of the output of the shorewall show opens
command.
When the second form of the command is used, the parameters must match those given in
the earlier open command.
This command requires that the firewall be in the started state and that
DYNAMIC_BLACKLIST=Yes in shorewall.conf (5)[1].
compile [-e] [-c] [-d] [-p] [-T] [-i] [-D] [ directory ] [ pathname ]
Not available with shorewall[6]-lite.
Compiles the current configuration into the executable file pathname. If a directory
is supplied, Shorewall will look in that directory first for configuration files. If
the pathname is omitted, the file firewall in the VARDIR (normally
/var/lib/shorewall/) is assumed. A pathname of '-' causes the compiler to send the
generated script to it's standard output file. Note that '-v-1' is usually specified
in this case (e.g., shorewall -v-1 compile -- -) to suppress the 'Compiling...'
message normally generated by /sbin/shorewall.
When -e is specified, the compilation is being performed on a system other than where
the compiled script will run. This option disables certain configuration options that
require the script to be compiled where it is to be run. The use of -e requires the
presence of a configuration file named capabilities which may be produced using the
command shorewall-lite show -f capabilities > capabilities on a system with Shorewall
Lite installed
The -c option was added in Shorewall 4.5.17 and causes conditional compilation of a
script. The script specified by pathname (or implied if pathname is omitted) is
compiled if it doesn't exist or if there is any file in the directory or in a
directory on the CONFIG_PATH that has a modification time later than the file to be
compiled. When no compilation is needed, a message is issued and an exit status of
zero is returned.
The -d option causes the compiler to be run under control of the Perl debugger.
The -p option causes the compiler to be profiled via the Perl -wd:DProf command-line
option.
The -T option was added in Shorewall 4.4.20 and causes a Perl stack trace to be
included with each compiler-generated error and warning message.
The -i option was added in Shorewall 4.6.0 and causes a warning message to be issued
if the current line contains alternative input specifications following a semicolon
(";"). Such lines will be handled incorrectly if INLINE_MATCHES is set to Yes in
shorewall.conf[1](5) (shorewall6.conf[1](5)).
The -D option was added in Shoewall 5.2.4 and causes the compiler to write a large
amount of debugging information to standard output.
delete { interface[:host-list]... zone | zone host-list }
The delete command reverses the effect of an earlier add command.
The interface argument names an interface defined in the shorewall-interfaces[2](5)
(shorewall6-interfaces[2](5) file. A host-list is comma-separated list whose elements
are a host or network address.
Beginning with Shorewall 4.5.9, the dynamic_shared zone option (shorewall-zones[3](5),
shorewall6-zones[3](5)) allows a single ipset to handle entries for multiple
interfaces. When that option is specified for a zone, the delete command has the
alternative syntax in which the zone name precedes the host-list.
disable { interface | provider }
Added in Shorewall 4.4.26. Disables the optional provider associated with the
specified interface or provider. Where more than one provider share a single network
interface, a provider name must be given.
Beginning with Shorewall 4.5.10, this command may be used with any optional network
interface. interface may be either the logical or physical name of the interface. The
command removes any routes added from shorewall-routes[4](5)
(shorewall6-routes[4](5))and any traffic shaping configuration for the interface.
drop address
Causes traffic from the listed addresses to be silently dropped. This command requires
that the firewall be in the started state and that DYNAMIC_BLACKLIST=Yes in
shorewall.conf (5)[1].
dump [-x] [-l] [-m] [-c]
Produces a verbose report about the firewall configuration for the purpose of problem
analysis.
The -x option causes actual packet and byte counts to be displayed. Without that
option, these counts are abbreviated.
The -m option causes any MAC addresses included in Shorewall log messages to be
displayed.
The -l option causes the rule number for each Netfilter rule to be displayed.
The -c option causes the route cache to be dumped in addition to the other routing
information.
enable { interface | provider }
Added in Shorewall 4.4.26. Enables the optional provider associated with the specified
interface or provider. Where more than one provider share a single network interface,
a provider name must be given.
Beginning with Shorewall 4.5.10, this command may be used with any optional network
interface. interface may be either the logical or physical name of the interface. The
command sets /proc entries for the interface, adds any route specified in
shorewall-routes[4](5) (shorewall6-routes[4](5)) and installs the interface's traffic
shaping configuration, if any.
export [ directory1 ] [ user@]system[:directory2 ]
Not available with Shorewall[6]-lite.
If directory1 is omitted, the current working directory is assumed.
Allows a non-root user to compile a shorewall script and stage it on a system
(provided that the user has access to the system via ssh). The command is equivalent
to:
/sbin/shorewall compile -e directory1 directory1/firewall &&\
scp directory1/firewall directory1/firewall.conf [user@]system:[directory2]
In other words, the configuration in the specified (or defaulted) directory is
compiled to a file called firewall in that directory. If compilation succeeds, then
firewall and firewall.conf are copied to system using scp.
forget [ filename ]
Deletes /var/lib/shorewall/filename and /var/lib/shorewall/save. If no filename is
given then the file specified by RESTOREFILE in shorewall.conf[1](5)
(shorewall6.conf[1](5)) is assumed.
help
Displays a syntax summary.
hits [-t]
Generates several reports from Shorewall log messages in the current log file. If the
-t option is included, the reports are restricted to log messages generated today. Not
available with Shorewall6[-lite].
ipcalc { address mask | address/vlsm }
Ipcalc displays the network address, broadcast address, network in CIDR notation and
netmask corresponding to the input[s]. Not available with Shorewall6[-lite].
iprange address1-address2
Iprange decomposes the specified range of IP addresses into the equivalent list of
network/host addresses. Not available with Shorewall6[-lite].
iptrace iptables match expression
This is a low-level debugging command that causes iptables TRACE log records to be
created. See iptables(8) for details.
The iptables match expression must be one or more matches that may appear in both the
raw table OUTPUT and raw table PREROUTING chains.
The log message destination is determined by the currently-selected IPv4 or IPv6
logging backend[5].
list
list is a synonym for show -- please see below.
logdrop address
Causes traffic from the listed addresses to be logged then discarded. Logging occurs
at the log level specified by the BLACKLIST_LOGLEVEL setting in shorewall.conf[1] (5)
(shorewall6.conf[1](5)). This command requires that the firewall be in the started
state and that DYNAMIC_BLACKLIST=Yes in shorewall.conf (5)[1].
logwatch [-m] [ refresh-interval ]
Monitors the log file specified by the LOGFILE option in shorewall.conf[1](5)
(shorewall6.conf[1](5)) and produces an audible alarm when new Shorewall messages are
logged. The -m option causes the MAC address of each packet source to be displayed if
that information is available. The refresh-interval specifies the time in seconds
between screen refreshes. You can enter a negative number by preceding the number with
"--" (e.g., shorewall logwatch -- -30). In this case, when a packet count changes, you
will be prompted to hit any key to resume screen refreshes.
logreject address
Causes traffic from the listed addresses to be logged then rejected. Logging occurs at
the log level specified by the BLACKLIST_LOGLEVEL setting in shorewall.conf[1] (5),
(shorewall6.conf[1](5)). This command requires that the firewall be in the started
state and that DYNAMIC_BLACKLIST=Yes in shorewall.conf (5)[1].
ls
ls is a synonym for show -- please see below.
noiptrace iptables match expression
This is a low-level debugging command that cancels a trace started by a preceding
iptrace command.
The iptables match expression must be one given in the iptrace command being canceled.
open source dest [ protocol [ port ] ]
Added in Shorewall 4.6.8. This command requires that the firewall be in the started
state and that DYNAMIC_BLACKLIST=Yes in shorewall.conf (5)[1]. The effect of the
command is to temporarily open the firewall for connections matching the parameters.
The source and dest parameters may each be specified as all if you don't wish to
restrict the connection source or destination respectively. Otherwise, each must
contain a host or network address or a valid DNS name.
The protocol may be specified either as a number or as a name listed in
/etc/protocols. The port may be specified numerically or as a name listed in
/etc/services.
To reverse the effect of a successful open command, use the close command with the
same parameters or simply restart the firewall.
Example: To open the firewall for SSH connections to address 192.168.1.1, the command
would be:
shorewall open all 192.168.1.1 tcp 22
To reverse that command, use:
shorewall close all 192.168.1.1 tcp 22
reenable{ interface | provider }
Added in Shorewall 4.6.9. This is equivalent to a disable command followed by an
enable command on the specified interface or provider.
reject address
Causes traffic from the listed addresses to be silently rejected. This command
requires that the firewall be in the started state and that DYNAMIC_BLACKLIST=Yes in
shorewall.conf (5)[1].
reload [-n] [-p] [-d] [-f] [-c] [-T] [-i] [-C] [-D] [ directory ]
This command was re-implemented in Shorewall 5.0.0. The pre-5.0.0 reload command is
now called remote-restart (see below).
Shorewall and Shorewall6
Reload is similar to shorewall start except that it assumes that the firewall is
already started. Existing connections are maintained. If a directory is included
in the command, Shorewall will look in that directory first for configuration
files.
The -n option causes Shorewall to avoid updating the routing table(s).
The -p option causes the connection tracking table to be flushed; the conntrack
utility must be installed to use this option.
The -d option causes the compiler to run under the Perl debugger.
The -f option suppresses the compilation step and simply reused the compiled
script which last started/restarted Shorewall, provided that /etc/shorewall and
its contents have not been modified since the last start/restart.
The -c option was added in Shorewall 4.4.20 and performs the compilation step
unconditionally, overriding the AUTOMAKE setting in shorewall.conf[1](5)
(Shorewall and Shorewall6 only). When both -f and -c are present, the result is
determined by the option that appears last.
The -T option was added in Shorewall 4.5.3 and causes a Perl stack trace to be
included with each compiler-generated error and warning message.
The -i option was added in Shorewall 4.6.0 and causes a warning message to be
issued if the current line contains alternative input specifications following a
semicolon (";"). Such lines will be handled incorrectly if INLINE_MATCHES is set
to Yes in shorewall.conf[1](5) (shorewall6.conf[1](5))..
The -C option was added in Shorewall 4.6.5 and is only meaningful when
AUTOMAKE=Yes in shorewall.conf[1](5) (shorewall6.conf[1](5)). If an existing
firewall script is used and if that script was the one that generated the current
running configuration, then the running netfilter configuration will be reloaded
as is so as to preserve the iptables packet and byte counters.
The -D option was added in Shoewall 5.2.4 and causes the compiler to write a large
amount of debugging information to standard output.
Shorewall-lite and Shorewall6-lite
Reload is similar to shorewall start except that it assumes that the firewall is
already started. Existing connections are maintained.
The -n option causes Shorewall to avoid updating the routing table(s).
The -p option causes the connection tracking table to be flushed; the conntrack
utility must be installed to use this option.
The -C option was added in Shorewall 4.6.5 If the existing firewall script is the
one that generated the current running configuration, then the running netfilter
configuration will be reloaded as is so as to preserve the iptables packet and
byte counters.
remote-getcaps [-R] [-r root-user-name] [ [ -D ] directory ] [ system ]
Added in Shoreall 5.2.0, this command executes shorewall[6]-lite show capabilities -f
> /var/lib/shorewall[6]-lite/capabilities on the remote system via ssh then the
generated file is copied to directory on the local system. If no directory is given,
the current working directory is assumed.
if -R is included, the remote shorewallrc file is also copied to directory.
If -r is included, it specifies that the root user on system is named root-user-name
rather than "root".
remote-getrc [-c] [-r root-user-name] [ [ -D ] directory ] [ system ]
Added in Shoreall 5.2.0, this command copies the shorewallrc file from the remote
system to directory on the local system. If no directory is given, the current working
directory is assumed.
if -c is included, the remote capabilities are also copied to directory, as is done by
the remote-getcaps command.
If -r is included, it specifies that the root user on system is named root-user-name
rather than "root".
remote-start [-n] [-s] [-c] [-r root-user-name] [-T] [-i] [ [ -D ] directory ] [ system ]
This command was renamed from load in Shorewall 5.0.0 and is only available in
Shorewall and Shoreawall6.
If directory is omitted, the current working directory is assumed. Allows a non-root
user to compile a shorewall script and install it on a system (provided that the user
has root access to the system via ssh). The command is equivalent to:
/sbin/shorewall compile -e directory directory/firewall &&\
scp directory/firewall directory/firewall.conf root@system:/var/lib/shorewall-lite/ &&\
ssh root@system '/sbin/shorewall-lite start'
In other words, the configuration in the specified (or defaulted) directory is
compiled to a file called firewall in that directory. If compilation succeeds, then
firewall is copied to system using scp. If the copy succeeds, Shorewall Lite on system
is started via ssh. Beginning with Shorewall 5.0.13, if system is omitted, then the
FIREWALL option setting in shorewall.conf[6](5) (shorewall6.conf(5)[1]) is assumed. In
that case, if you want to specify a directory, then the -D option must be given.
The -n option causes Shorewall to avoid updating the routing table(s).
If -s is specified and the start command succeeds, then the remote Shorewall-lite
configuration is saved by executing shorewall-lite save via ssh.
if -c is included, the command shorewall[6]-lite show capabilities -f >
/var/lib/shorewall[6]-lite/capabilities is executed via ssh then the generated file is
copied to directory using scp. This step is performed before the configuration is
compiled.
If -r is included, it specifies that the root user on system is named root-user-name
rather than "root".
The -T option was added in Shorewall 4.5.3 and causes a Perl stack trace to be
included with each compiler-generated error and warning message.
remote-reload [-s] [-c] [-r root-user-name] [-T] [-i] [ [ -D ] directory ] [ system ]
This command was added in Shorewall 5.0.0 and is only available in Shorewall and
Shorewall6.
If directory is omitted, the current working directory is assumed. Allows a non-root
user to compile a shorewall script and install it on a system (provided that the user
has root access to the system via ssh). The command is equivalent to:
/sbin/shorewall compile -e directory directory/firewall &&\
scp directory/firewall directory/firewall.conf root@system:/var/lib/shorewall-lite/ &&\
ssh root@system '/sbin/shorewall-lite reload'
In other words, the configuration in the specified (or defaulted) directory is
compiled to a file called firewall in that directory. If compilation succeeds, then
firewall is copied to system using scp. If the copy succeeds, Shorewall Lite on system
is restarted via ssh. Beginning with Shorewall 5.0.13, if system is omitted, then the
FIREWALL option setting in shorewall6.conf(5)[1] (shorewall6.conf[1](5)) is assumed.
In that case, if you want to specify a directory, then the -D option must be given.
If -s is specified and the restart command succeeds, then the remote Shorewall-lite
configuration is saved by executing shorewall-lite save via ssh.
if -c is included, the command shorewall-lite show capabilities -f >
/var/lib/shorewall-lite/capabilities is executed via ssh then the generated file is
copied to directory using scp. This step is performed before the configuration is
compiled.
If -r is included, it specifies that the root user on system is named root-user-name
rather than "root".
The -T option was added in Shorewall 4.5.3 and causes a Perl stack trace to be
included with each compiler-generated error and warning message.
The -i option was added in Shorewall 4.6.0 and causes a warning message to be issued
if the current line contains alternative input specifications following a semicolon
(";"). Such lines will be handled incorrectly if INLINE_MATCHES is set to Yes in
shorewall.conf[1](5) (shorewall6.conf[1](5)).
remote-restart [-s] [-c] [-r root-user-name] [-T] [-i] [ [ -D ] directory ] [ system ]
This command was renamed from reload in Shorewall 5.0.0 and is available in Shorewall
and Shorewall6 only.
If directory is omitted, the current working directory is assumed. Allows a non-root
user to compile a shorewall script and install it on a system (provided that the user
has root access to the system via ssh). The command is equivalent to:
/sbin/shorewall compile -e directory directory/firewall &&\
scp directory/firewall directory/firewall.conf root@system:/var/lib/shorewall-lite/ &&\
ssh root@system '/sbin/shorewall-lite restart'
In other words, the configuration in the specified (or defaulted) directory is
compiled to a file called firewall in that directory. If compilation succeeds, then
firewall is copied to system using scp. If the copy succeeds, Shorewall Lite on system
is restarted via ssh. Beginning with Shorewall 5.0.13, if system is omitted, then the
FIREWALL option setting in shorewall6.conf(5)[1] (shorewall6.conf[1](5)) is assumed.
In that case, if you want to specify a directory, then the -D option must be given.
If -s is specified and the restart command succeeds, then the remote Shorewall-lite
configuration is saved by executing shorewall-lite save via ssh.
if -c is included, the command shorewall-lite show capabilities -f >
/var/lib/shorewall-lite/capabilities is executed via ssh then the generated file is
copied to directory using scp. This step is performed before the configuration is
compiled.
If -r is included, it specifies that the root user on system is named root-user-name
rather than "root".
The -T option was added in Shorewall 4.5.3 and causes a Perl stack trace to be
included with each compiler-generated error and warning message.
The -i option was added in Shorewall 4.6.0 and causes a warning message to be issued
if the current line contains alternative input specifications following a semicolon
(";"). Such lines will be handled incorrectly if INLINE_MATCHES is set to Yes in
shorewall.conf[1](5) (shorewall6.conf[1](5).
reset [chain, ...]
Resets the packet and byte counters in the specified chain(s). If no chain is
specified, all the packet and byte counters in the firewall are reset.
Beginning with Shorewall 5.0.0, chain may be composed of both a table name and a chain
name separated by a colon (e.g., mangle:PREROUTING). Chain names following that don't
include a table name are assumed to be in that same table. If no table name is given
in the command, the filter table is assumed.
restart [-n] [-p] [-d] [-f] [-c] [-T] [-i] [-C] [-D] [ directory ]
Beginning with Shorewall 5.0.0, this command performs a true restart. The firewall is
completely stopped as if a stop command had been issued then it is started again.
Shorewall and Shorewall6
If a directory is included in the command, Shorewall will look in that directory
first for configuration files.
The -n option causes Shorewall to avoid updating the routing table(s).
The -p option causes the connection tracking table to be flushed; the conntrack
utility must be installed to use this option.
The -d option causes the compiler to run under the Perl debugger.
The -f option suppresses the compilation step and simply reused the compiled
script which last started/restarted Shorewall, provided that /etc/shorewall and
its contents have not been modified since the last start/restart.
The -c option was added in Shorewall 4.4.20 and performs the compilation step
unconditionally, overriding the AUTOMAKE setting in shorewall.conf[1](5). When
both -f and -c are present, the result is determined by the option that appears
last.
The -T option was added in Shorewall 4.5.3 and causes a Perl stack trace to be
included with each compiler-generated error and warning message.
The -i option was added in Shorewall 4.6.0 and causes a warning message to be
issued if the current line contains alternative input specifications following a
semicolon (";"). Such lines will be handled incorrectly if INLINE_MATCHES is set
to Yes in shorewall.conf[1](5).
The -C option was added in Shorewall 4.6.5 and is only meaningful when
AUTOMAKE=Yes in shorewall.conf[1](5). If an existing firewall script is used and
if that script was the one that generated the current running configuration, then
the running netfilter configuration will be reloaded as is so as to preserve the
iptables packet and byte counters.
The -D option was added in Shoewall 5.2.4 and causes the compiler to write a large
amount of debugging information to standard output.
Shorewall-lite and Shorewall6-lite
The -n option causes Shorewall to avoid updating the routing table(s).
The -p option causes the connection tracking table to be flushed; the conntrack
utility must be installed to use this option.
The -C option was added in Shorewall 4.6.5 If the existing firewall script is the
one that generated the current running configuration, then the running netfilter
configuration will be reloaded as is so as to preserve the iptables packet and
byte counters.
restore [-n] [-p] [-C] [ filename ]
Restore Shorewall to a state saved using the shorewall save command. Existing
connections are maintained. The filename names a restore file in /var/lib/shorewall
created using shorewall save; if no filename is given then Shorewall will be restored
from the file specified by the RESTOREFILE option in shorewall.conf[1](5)
(shorewall6.conf[1](5)).
Caution
If your iptables ruleset depends on variables that are detected at run-time,
either in your params file or by Shorewall-generated code, restore will use the
values that were current when the ruleset was saved, which may be different from
the current values.
The -n option causes Shorewall to avoid updating the routing table(s).
The -p option, added in Shorewall 4.6.5, causes the connection tracking table to be
flushed; the conntrack utility must be installed to use this option.
The -C option was added in Shorewall 4.6.5. If the -C option was specified during
shorewall save, then the counters saved by that operation will be restored.
run command [ parameter ... ]
Added in Shorewall 4.6.3. Executes command in the context of the generated script
passing the supplied parameters. Normally, the command will be a function declared in
lib.private.
Before executing the command, the script will detect the configuration, setting all
SW_* variables and will run your init extension script with $COMMAND = 'run'.
If there are files in the CONFIG_PATH that were modified after the current firewall
script was generated, the following warning message is issued:
WARNING: /var/lib/shorewall/firewall is not up to
date
safe-reload [-d] [-p] [-t timeout ] [ directory ]
Added in Shorewall 5.0.0, this command performs the same function as did safe_restart
in earlier releases. The command is available in Shorewall and Shorewall6 only.
Only allowed if Shorewall is running. The current configuration is saved in
/var/lib/shorewall/safe-reload (see the save command below) then a shorewall reload is
done. You will then be prompted asking if you want to accept the new configuration or
not. If you answer "n" or if you fail to answer within 60 seconds (such as when your
new configuration has disabled communication with your terminal), the configuration is
restored from the saved configuration. If a directory is given, then Shorewall will
look in that directory first when opening configuration files.
Beginning with Shorewall 4.5.0, you may specify a different timeout value using the -t
option. The numeric timeout may optionally be followed by an s, m or h suffix (e.g.,
5m) to specify seconds, minutes or hours respectively. If the suffix is omitted,
seconds is assumed.
safe-restart [-d] [-p] [-t timeout ] [ directory ]
Only allowed if Shorewall[6] is running and is not available in Shorewall-lite and
Shorewall6-lite. The current configuration is saved in /var/lib/shorewall/safe-restart
(see the save command below) then a shorewall restart is done. You will then be
prompted asking if you want to accept the new configuration or not. If you answer "n"
or if you fail to answer within 60 seconds (such as when your new configuration has
disabled communication with your terminal), the configuration is restored from the
saved configuration. If a directory is given, then Shorewall will look in that
directory first when opening configuration files.
Beginning with Shorewall 4.5.0, you may specify a different timeout value using the -t
option. The numeric timeout may optionally be followed by an s, m or h suffix (e.g.,
5m) to specify seconds, minutes or hours respectively. If the suffix is omitted,
seconds is assumed.
safe-start [-d] [-p] [-ttimeout ] [ directory ]
Shorewall is started normally. You will then be prompted asking if everything went all
right. If you answer "n" or if you fail to answer within 60 seconds (such as when your
new configuration has disabled communication with your terminal), a shorewall clear is
performed for you. If a directory is given, then Shorewall will look in that directory
first when opening configuration files.
Beginning with Shorewall 4.5.0, you may specify a different timeout value using the -t
option. The numeric timeout may optionally be followed by an s, m or h suffix (e.g.,
5m) to specify seconds, minutes or hours respectively. If the suffix is omitted,
seconds is assumed.
This command is available in Shorewall and Shorewall6 only.
save [-C] [ filename ]
Creates a snapshot of the currently running firewall. The dynamic blacklist is stored
in /var/lib/shorewall/save. The state of the firewall is stored in
/var/lib/shorewall/filename for use by the shorewall restore command. If filename is
not given then the state is saved in the file specified by the RESTOREFILE option in
shorewall.conf[1](5) (shorewall6.conf[1](5)).
The -C option, added in Shorewall 4.6.5, causes the iptables packet and byte counters
to be saved along with the chains and rules.
savesets
Added in shorewall 4.6.8. Performs the same action as the stop command with respect to
saving ipsets (see the SAVE_IPSETS option in shorewall.conf[1] (5)
(shorewall6.conf[1](5)). This command may be used to proactively save your ipset
contents in the event that a system failure occurs prior to issuing a stop command.
show
The show command can have a number of different arguments:
action action
Lists the named action file. Available on Shorewall and Shorewall6 only.
actions
Produces a report about the available actions (built-in, standard and
user-defined). Available on Shorewall and Shorewall6 only.
bl|blacklists [-x]
Added in Shorewall 4.6.2. Displays the dynamic chain along with any chains
produced by entries in shorewall-blrules(5). The -x option is passed directly
through to iptables and causes actual packet and byte counts to be displayed.
Without this option, those counts are abbreviated.
[-f] capabilities
Displays your kernel/iptables capabilities. The -f option causes the display to be
formatted as a capabilities file for use with compile -e.
[-b] [-x] [-l] [-t {filter|mangle|nat|raw}] [ chain... ]
The rules in each chain are displayed using the iptables -L chain -n -v command.
If no chain is given, all of the chains in the filter table are displayed. The -x
option is passed directly through to iptables and causes actual packet and byte
counts to be displayed. Without this option, those counts are abbreviated. The -t
option specifies the Netfilter table to display. The default is filter.
The -b ('brief') option causes rules which have not been used (i.e. which have
zero packet and byte counts) to be omitted from the output. Chains with no rules
displayed are also omitted from the output.
The -l option causes the rule number for each Netfilter rule to be displayed.
If the -t option and the chain keyword are both omitted and any of the listed
chains do not exist, a usage message is displayed.
classifiers|filters
Displays information about the packet classifiers defined on the system as a
result of traffic shaping configuration. Beginning with Shorewall 5.2.8, this
command is deprecated, as its output is included in the information displayed by
the 'show tc' command.
config
Displays distribution-specific defaults.
connections [filter_parameter ...]
Displays the IP connections currently being tracked by the firewall.
If the conntrack utility is installed, beginning with Shorewall 4.6.11 the set of
connections displayed can be limited by including conntrack filter parameters (-p
, -s, --dport, etc). See conntrack(8) for details.
event event
Added in Shorewall 4.5.19. Displays the named event.
events
Added in Shorewall 4.5.19. Displays all events.
ip
Displays the system's IPv4 configuration.
ipa
Added in Shorewall 4.4.17. Displays the per-IP accounting counters
(shorewall-accounting[7] (5), shorewall6-accounting[7](5)).
ipsec
Added in Shorewall 5.1.0. Displays the contents of the IPSEC Security Policy
Database (SPD) and Security Association Database (SAD). SAD keys are not
displayed.
[-m] log
Displays the last 20 Shorewall messages from the log file specified by the LOGFILE
option in shorewall.conf[1](5) (shorewall6.conf[1](5)). The -m option causes the
MAC address of each packet source to be displayed if that information is
available.
macros
Displays information about each macro defined on the firewall system (Shorewall
and Shorewall6 only)
macro macro
Added in Shorewall 4.4.6. Displays the file that implements the specified macro
(usually /usr/share/shorewall/macro.macro). Available only in Shorewall and
Shorewall6.
[-x] mangle
Displays the Netfilter mangle table using the command iptables -t mangle -L -n -v.
The -x option is passed directly through to iptables and causes actual packet and
byte counts to be displayed. Without this option, those counts are abbreviated.
marks
Added in Shorewall 4.4.26. Displays the various fields in packet marks giving the
min and max value (in both decimal and hex) and the applicable mask (in hex).
[-x] nat
Displays the Netfilter nat table using the command iptables -t nat -L -n -v. The
-x option is passed directly through to iptables and causes actual packet and byte
counts to be displayed. Without this option, those counts are abbreviated.
opens
Added in Shorewall 4.5.8. Displays the iptables rules in the 'dynamic' chain
created through use of the open command..
policies
Added in Shorewall 4.4.4. Displays the applicable policy between each pair of
zones. Note that implicit intrazone ACCEPT policies are not displayed for zones
associated with a single network where that network doesn't specify routeback.
rc
Added in Shorewall 5.2.0. Displays the contents of
$SHAREDIR/shorewall/shorewallrc.
[-c] routing
Displays the system's IPv4 routing configuration. The -c option causes the route
cache to be displayed along with the other routing information.
[-x] raw
Displays the Netfilter raw table using the command iptables -t raw -L -n -v. The
-x option is passed directly through to iptables and causes actual packet and byte
counts to be displayed. Without this option, those counts are abbreviated.
saves
Added in Shorewall 5.2.0. Lists snapshots created by the save command. Each
snapshot is listed with the date and time when it was taken. If there is a
snapshot with the name specified in the RESTOREFILE option in
shorewall.conf(5[6]), that snapshot is listed as the default snapshot for the
restore command.
tc
Displays information about queuing disciplines, classes and filters.
zones
Displays the current composition of the Shorewall zones on the system.
start [-n] [-p] [-d] [-f] [-c] [-T] [-i] [-C] [-D] [ directory ]
Shorewall and Shorewall6
Start shorewall[6]. Existing connections through shorewall managed interfaces are
untouched. New connections will be allowed only if they are allowed by the
firewall rules or policies. If a directory is included in the command, Shorewall
will look in that directory first for configuration files. If -f is specified, the
saved configuration specified by the RESTOREFILE option in shorewall.conf[1](5)
(shorewall6.conf[1](5)) will be restored if that saved configuration exists and
has been modified more recently than the files in /etc/shorewall. When -f is
given, a directory may not be specified.
Update: In Shorewall 4.4.20, a new LEGACY_FASTSTART option was added to
shorewall.conf[1](5) (shorewall6.conf[1](5)). When LEGACY_FASTSTART=No, the
modification times of files in /etc/shorewall are compared with that of
/var/lib/shorewall/firewall (the compiled script that last started/restarted the
firewall).
The -n option causes Shorewall to avoid updating the routing table(s).
The -p option causes the connection tracking table to be flushed; the conntrack
utility must be installed to use this option.
The -c option was added in Shorewall 4.4.20 and performs the compilation step
unconditionally, overriding the AUTOMAKE setting in shorewall.conf[1](5)
(shorewall6.conf[1](5)). When both -f and -care present, the result is determined
by the option that appears last.
The -T option was added in Shorewall 4.5.3 and causes a Perl stack trace to be
included with each compiler-generated error and warning message.
The -i option was added in Shorewall 4.6.0 and causes a warning message to be
issued if the current line contains alternative input specifications following a
semicolon (";"). Such lines will be handled incorrectly if INLINE_MATCHES is set
to Yes in shorewall.conf(5)[1] (shorewall6.conf[1](5)).
The -C option was added in Shorewall 4.6.5 and is only meaningful when the -f
option is also specified. If the previously-saved configuration is restored, and
if the -C option was also specified in the save command, then the packet and byte
counters will be restored.
The -D option was added in Shoewall 5.2.4 and causes the compiler to write a large
amount of debugging information to standard output.
Shorewall-lite and Shorewall6-lite
Start Shorewall[6] Lite. Existing connections through shorewall[6]-lite managed
interfaces are untouched. New connections will be allowed only if they are allowed
by the firewall rules or policies.
The -p option causes the connection tracking table to be flushed; the conntrack
utility must be installed to use this option.
The -n option prevents the firewall script from modifying the current routing
configuration.
The -f option was added in Shorewall 4.6.5. If the RESTOREFILE named in
shorewall.conf[6](5) exists, is executable and is not older than the current
filewall script, then that saved configuration is restored.
The -C option was added in Shorewall 4.6.5 and is only meaningful when the -f
option is also specified. If the previously-saved configuration is restored, and
if the -C option was also specified in the save command, then the packet and byte
counters will be restored.
stop
Stops the firewall. All existing connections, except those listed in
shorewall-stoppedrules[8](5) or permitted by the ADMINISABSENTMINDED option in
shorewall.conf[1], are taken down. The only new traffic permitted through the firewall
is from systems listed in shorewall-stoppedrules[8](5) or by ADMINISABSENTMINDED.
status [-i]
Produces a short report about the state of the Shorewall-configured firewall.
The -i option was added in Shorewall 4.6.2 and causes the status of each optional or
provider interface to be displayed.
try directory [ timeout ]
This command is available in Shorewall and Shorewall6 only.
If Shorewall[6] is started then the firewall state is saved to a temporary saved
configuration (/var/lib/shorewall/.try). Next, if Shorewall[6] is currently started
then a restart command is issued using the specified configuration directory;
otherwise, a start command is performed using the specified configuration directory.
if an error occurs during the compilation phase of the restart or start, the command
terminates without changing the Shorewall[6] state. If an error occurs during the
restart phase, then a shorewall restore is performed using the saved configuration. If
an error occurs during the start phase, then Shorewall is cleared. If the
start/restart succeeds and a timeout is specified then a clear or restore is performed
after timeout seconds.
Beginning with Shorewall 4.5.0, the numeric timeout may optionally be followed by an
s, m or h suffix (e.g., 5m) to specify seconds, minutes or hours respectively. If the
suffix is omitted, seconds is assumed.
update [-d] [-r] [-T] [-a] [-i] [-A] [ directory ]
This command is available only in Shorewall and Shorewall6.
Added in Shorewall 4.4.21 and causes the compiler to update
/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf then validate the configuration. The update will add
options not present in the old file with their default values, and will move
deprecated options with non-defaults to a deprecated options section at the bottom of
the file. Your existing shorewall.conf file is renamed shorewall.conf.bak.
The command was extended over the years with a set of options that caused additional
configuration updates.
• Convert an existing blacklist file into an equivalent blrules file.
• Convert an existing routestopped file into an equivalent stoppedrules file.
• Convert existing tcrules and tos files into an equivalent mangle file.
• Convert an existing notrack file into an equivalent conntrack file.
• Convert FORMAT, SECTION and COMMENT entries into ?FORMAT, ?SECTION and ?COMMENT
directives.
In each case, the old file is renamed with a .bak suffix.
In Shorewall 5.0.0, the options were eliminated and the update command performs all of
the updates described above.
Important
There are some notable restrictions with the update command:
1. Converted rules will be appended to the existing file; if there is no existing
file in the CONFIG_PATH, one will be created in the directory specified in the
command or in the first entry in the CONFIG_PATH (normally /etc/shorewall)
otherwise.
2. Existing comments in the file being converted will not be transferred to the
output file.
3. With the exception of the notrack->conntrack conversion, INCLUDEd files will
be expanded inline in the output file.
4. Columns in the output file will be separated by a single tab character; there
is no attempt made to otherwise align the columns.
5. Prior to Shorewall 5.0.15, shell variables will be expanded in the output
file.
6. Prior to Shorewall 5.0.15, lines omitted by compiler directives (?if ....,
etc.) will not appear in the output file.
Important
Because the translation of the 'blacklist' and 'routestopped' files is not
1:1, omitted lines and compiler directives are not transferred to the
converted files. If either are present, the compiler issues a warning:
WARNING: "Omitted rules and compiler directives were not translated
The -a option causes the updated shorewall.conf file to be annotated with
documentation.
The -i option was added in Shorewall 4.6.0 and causes a warning message to be issued
if the current line contains alternative input specifications following a semicolon
(";"). Such lines will be handled incorrectly if INLINE_MATCHES is set to Yes in
shorewall.conf[1](5).
The -A option is included for compatibility with Shorewall 4.6 and is equivalent to
specifying the -i option.
For a description of the other options, see the check command above.
version [-a]
Displays Shorewall's version. The -a option is included for compatibility with earlier
Shorewall releases and is ignored.
EXIT STATUS
In general, when a command succeeds, status 0 is returned; when the command fails, a
non-zero status is returned.
The status command returns exit status as follows:
0 - Firewall is started.
3 - Firewall is stopped or cleared
4 - Unknown state; usually means that the firewall has never been started.
ENVIRONMENT
Two environmental variables are recognized by Shorewall:
SHOREWALL_INIT_SCRIPT
When set to 1, causes Std out to be redirected to the file specified in the
STARTUP_LOG option in shorewall.conf(5)[6].
SW_LOGGERTAG
Added in Shorewall 5.0.8. When set to a non-empty value, that value is passed to the
logger utility in its -t (--tag) option.
FILES
/etc/shorewall/*
/etc/shorewall6/*
SEE ALSO
https://shorewall.org/starting_and_stopping_shorewall.htm[9]
- Describes operational aspects of Shorewall.
shorewall-files(5)[10] -
Describes the various configuration files along with features and
conventions common to those files.
shorewall-names(5)[11] -
Describes naming of objects within a Shorewall configuration.
shorewall-addresses(5)[12] -
Describes how to specify addresses within a Shorewall
configuration.
shorewall-exclusion(5)[13] -
Describes how to exclude certain hosts and/or networks from matching a
rule.
shorewall-nesting(5)[14]
- Describes how to nest one Shorewall zone inside another.
NOTES
1. shorewall.conf
https://shorewall.org/manpages//manpages/shorewall.conf.html
2. shorewall-interfaces
https://shorewall.org/manpages//manpages/shorewall-interfaces.html
3. shorewall-zones
https://shorewall.org/manpages//manpages/shorewall-zones.html
4. shorewall-routes
https://shorewall.org/manpages//manpages/shorewall-routes.html
5. logging backend
https://shorewall.org/manpages//shorewall_logging.html#Backends
6. shorewall.conf
https://shorewall.org/manpages/shorewall.conf.html
7. shorewall-accounting
https://shorewall.org/manpages//manpages/shorewall-accounting.html
8. shorewall-stoppedrules
https://shorewall.org/manpages//manpages/shorewall-stoppedrules.html
9. https://shorewall.org/starting_and_stopping_shorewall.htm
https://shorewall.org/manpages//starting_and_stopping_shorewall.htm
10. shorewall-files(5)
https://shorewall.org/manpages/shorewall-files.html
11. shorewall-names(5)
https://shorewall.org/manpages/shorewall-names.html
12. shorewall-addresses(5)
https://shorewall.org/manpages/shorewall-addresses.html
13. shorewall-exclusion(5)
https://shorewall.org/manpages/shorewall-exclusion.html
14. shorewall-nesting(5)
https://shorewall.org/manpages/shorewall-nesting.html