Provided by: zypper_1.14.78-1_amd64 
NAME
zypper - Command-line interface to ZYpp system management library (libzypp)
SYNOPSIS
zypper [--global-opts] command [--command-opts] [command-arguments]
zypper subcommand [--command-opts] [command-arguments]
zypper help command
DESCRIPTION
zypper is a command-line interface to ZYpp system management library (libzypp). It can be
used to install, update, remove software, manage repositories, perform various queries,
and more.
CONCEPTS
Most of the following concepts are common for all applications based on the libzypp
package management library, but there are some zypper specifics.
System Packages
The set of installed packages on a system is sometimes denoted as repository @System or
System Packages. In contrast to available repositories providing packages which can be
installed, @System provides packages which can only be deleted. Installed packages which
are not provided by at least one of the available repositories (neither in different
version or as renamed package) are often denoted as being unwanted, orphaned or dropped.
Note: If you install packages which are not shipped within a repository - manually built
or downloaded ones -, collect them within a local directory and add this directory as a
plaindir repository to your system. This way the packages will not be seen as being
orphaned and are protected during a dist-upgrade.
Creating such a plaindir repo is quite easy:
$ mkdir /LocalRepo
$ zypper addrepo --refresh /LocalRepo LocalRepo
If you need to make sure the package to install is taken from LocalRepo, simply use a
REPO:PACKAGE style argument:
$ cp example.rpm /LocalRepo
$ zypper install LocalRepo:example
Depending on the kind of packages you keep in a local repo you may want to adjust the way
GPG signature checks are performed. See section GPG checks for details.
Repositories
Libzypp works with repository metadata, this is information about packages and their
relations extracted from RPM packages and other data like patch information, pattern
definitions, etc. These data are stored together with the RPM files in folders called
repositories. Repositories can be placed on various media like an HTTP or FTP server, DVD,
or a folder on a local disc.
There is a special set of commands in zypper intended to manipulate repositories. Also
many commands and options take a repository as an argument. See section COMMANDS,
subsection Repository Management for more details.
GPG checks
Disabling GPG checks is not recommended. Signing data enables the recipient to verify that
no modifications occurred after the data were signed. Accepting data with no, wrong or
unknown signature can lead to a corrupted system and in extreme cases even to a system
compromise.
Zypp verifies the authenticity of repository metadata by checking their GPG signature. If
the repository metadata are signed with a trusted key and successfully verified, packages
from this repository are accepted for installation if they match the checksum provided in
the metadata. Using unsigned repositories needs to be confirmed.
If the repository metadata are not signed, the GPG signature of each downloaded rpm
package is checked before accepting it for installation. Packages from unsigned
repositories need a valid GPG signature. Using unsigned packages needs to be confirmed.
The above is the default behavior defined by settings in /etc/zypp/zypp.conf.
The addrepo and modifyrepo commands provide further options to tune the behavior per
repository. It is for example possible to relax the need to confirm installing unsigned
packages for a specific repository. But if you do so, you should be very certain that an
attacker can hardly modify the package data within the repository or on the way to your
machine. See section COMMANDS for details about the command options.
Resource Identifiers (URI)
To specify locations of repositories or other resources (RPM files, .repo files) you can
use any type of URI supported by libzypp. In addition Zypper accepts a special URI
identifying openSUSE Build Service (OBS) repositories in the addrepo command. These URIs
have the form of obs://project/[platform].
See section COMMANDS, subsection Repository Management for a complete list and examples of
supported URI formats.
Refresh
Refreshing a repository means downloading metadata of packages from the medium (if
needed), storing it in local cache (typically under /var/cache/zypp/raw/alias directory)
and preparsing the metadata into .solv files (building the solv cache), typically under
/var/cache/zypp/solv/alias.
The metadata get refreshed either automatically or on user request. An automatic refresh
takes place right before reading metadata from the database if the auto-refresh is enabled
for the repository and the metadata is reported to be out of date. If the auto-refresh is
disabled, the repository will only be refreshed on user request. You can request a refresh
by calling zypper refresh (see the documentation of the refresh command for details).
The repository metadata are checked for changes before actually doing the refresh. A
change is detected by downloading one or two metadata index files (small files) and
comparing the checksums of the cached ones and the remote ones. If the files differ, the
repository is out of date and will be refreshed.
To delay the up-to-date check (and thus the automatic refresh) for a certain number of
minutes, edit the value of the repo.refresh.delay attribute of ZYpp config file
(/etc/zypp/zypp.conf). This means, zypper will not even try to download and check the
index files, and you will be able to use zypper for operations like search or info without
internet access or root privileges.
Services
Services are one level above repositories and serve to manage repositories or to do some
special tasks. Libzypp currently supports Repository Index Service (RIS) and Plugin
Service.
Repository Index Service (RIS) is a special type of repository which contains a list of
other repositories. This list can be generated dynamically by the server according to some
URI parameters or user name, or can be static. Once such service is added to your system,
zypper takes care of adding, modifying, or removing these repositories on your system to
reflect the current list. See section Service Management and
https://en.opensuse.org/openSUSE:Standards_Repository_Index_Service for more details.
Package Types
Zypper works with several types of resource objects, called resolvables. A resolvable
might be a package, patch, pattern, product; basically any kind of object with
dependencies to other objects.
package
An ordinary RPM package.
patch
A released patch conflicts with the affected/vulnerable versions of a collection of
packages. As long as any of these affected/vulnerable versions are installed, the
conflict triggers and the patch is classified as needed, or as unwanted if the patch
is locked.
Selecting the patch, the conflict is resolved by updating all installed and
affected/vulnerable packages to a version providing the fix. When updating the
packages zypper always aims for the latest available version. Resolved patches are
classified as either applied or not needed, depending on whether they refer to
actually installed packages.
So installation, update or removal of packages may change the classification of
patches referring to these packages. Since libyzpp-17.23.0 the /var/log/zypp/history
remembers if a committed transaction changes a patchs classification. If history data
are available, patch tables show a column telling since when the patch is in it’s
current state.
Depending on the kind of defect, patches are classified by category and severity.
Commonly used values for category are security, (recommended, bugfix), (optional,
feature, enhancement) document or yast. Commonly used values for severity are
critical, important, moderate, low or unspecified. Names listed in parentheses are
used synonymously.
Note that the patch command does not apply optional patches (category optional or
feature) by default. If you actually want to consider all optional patches as being
needed, say patch --with-optional. Specific patches can be applied using the install
command (e.g. zypper install patch:openSUSE-2014-7).
If the issuer decides to retract a released patch, the patch status will be shown as
retracted. The packages provided by the retracted patch are still visible but also
tagged as having been retracted (R). The resolver will avoid selecting retracted
packages automatically. If you are sure that a retracted package should be installed
on your system, you must explicitly select it.
pattern
A group of packages required or recommended to install some functionality.
product
A group of packages which are necessary to install a product.
srcpackage
Source code package (.src.rpm). This type works in search and install commands.
application
Legacy: Since libzypp-17.7.0 this type is no longer available.
Throughout this manual we will often refer to resolvables simply as packages and to
resolvable types as package type or kind. These type names can be used as arguments of
--type option in several commands like install, info, or search. Commands should also
allow one to specify resolvables as KIND:NAME (e.g. patch:openSUSE-2014-7).
Package Dependencies
Software packages depend on each other in various ways. Packages usually require or
recommend other packages, but they can also conflict with them. Packages may support
specific hardware or language settings. Zypper uses a dependency solver to find out which
packages need to be installed to satisfy the user’s request.
If you do not request a specific version of a package the solver will pick a reasonable
one. The solvers general attitude when resolving a job is to focus on installing the best
version of the requested package and to add or update dependencies as they are needed.
Aside from this Focus on Job, which is the default, two other focus modes are available:
In Focus on Installed mode the solver focuses on applying as little changes to the
installed packages as needed. Choosing an older version of a requested package is valid if
it’s dependencies require less changes to the system. The solver will try to avoid
updating already installed packages.
In Focus on Update mode the solver focuses on updating the requested package and all its
dependencies as much as possible. Beware, installing a single package in this mode may
easily lead to a mini system update.
For a single command the focus mode can be set using the --solver-focus MODE switch. Valid
modes are Job, Installed or Update. If you want to change the default mode for your
system, set [/etc/zypp/zypp.conf:solver.focus] to the desired value.
Automatically installed packages
Packages added by the dependency solver in order to resolve a user’s request are
remembered as having been automatically installed. They may later be removed, if no more
user installed packages depend on them (e.g. by zypper remove --clean-deps).
In the Status column the search command distinguishes between user installed packages (i+)
and automatically installed packages (i).
Package File Conflicts
File conflicts happen when two packages attempt to install files with the same name but
different contents. This may happen if you are installing a newer version of a package
without erasing the older version, of if two unrelated packages each install a file with
the same name.
As checking for file conflicts requires access to the full filelist of each package being
installed, zypper will be able to check for file conflicts only if all packages are
downloaded in advance (see --download-in-advance). If you are doing a --dry-run no
packages are downloaded, so the file conflict check will skip packages not available in
the packages cache. To get a meaningful file conflict check use --dry-run together with
--download-only.
As the reason for file conflicts usually is a poor package design or lack of coordination
between the people building the packages, they are not easy to resolve. By using the
--replacefiles option you can force zypper to replace the conflicting files. Nevertheless
this may damage the package whose file gets replaced.
COMMANDS
zypper provides a number of commands. Each command accepts the options listed in the
GLOBAL OPTIONS section. These options must be specified before the command name. In
addition, many commands have specific options, which are listed in this section. These
command-specific options must be specified after the name of the command and before any of
the command arguments.
Zypper also provides limited support for writing extensions/subcommands in any language.
See section SUBCOMMANDS for details.
General Commands
help [command]
Shows help texts. If invoked without any argument (just zypper or zypper help), zypper
displays global help text which lists all available global options and commands.
If invoked with a command name argument, zypper displays help for the specified
command, if such command exists. Long as well as short variants of the command names
can be used.
For your convenience, zypper help can also be invoked in any of the following ways:
$ zypper -h|--help [command]
$ zypper [command] -h|--help
shell (sh)
Starts a shell for entering multiple commands in one session. Exit the shell using
exit, quit, or Ctrl-D.
The shell support is not complete so expect bugs there. However, there’s no urgent
need to use the shell since libzypp became so fast thanks to the SAT solver and its
tools (openSUSE 11.0), but still, you’re welcome to experiment with it.
Package Management Commands
info (if) [options] name...
Displays detailed information about the specified packages.
For each specified package, zypper finds the best available version in defined
repositories and shows information for this package. In case the query result is empty
zypper returns ZYPPER_EXIT_INF_CAP_NOT_FOUND, unless the --ignore-unknown global
option is set.
-r, --repo alias|name|#|URI
Work only with the repository specified by the alias, name, number or URI. This
option can be used multiple times.
-t, --type type
Type of package (default: package). See section Package Types for list of
available package types.
--provides
Show symbols the package provides.
--requires
Show symbols the package requires.
--conflicts
Show symbols the package conflicts with.
--obsoletes
Show symbols the package obsoletes.
--recommends
Show symbols the package recommends.
--suggests
Show symbols the package suggests.
--supplements
Show symbols the package supplements.
Examples:
$ zypper info workrave
Show information about package workrave
$ zypper info -t patch libzypp
Show information about patch libzypp
$ zypper info -t pattern lamp_server
Show information about pattern lamp_server
install (in) [options] name|capability|rpm_file_uri...
Install or update packages.
The packages can be selected by their name or by a capability they provide.
A capability is formed by "NAME[.ARCH][ OP EDITION]", where ARCH is an architecture
code, OP is one of <, <=, =, >=, or > and EDITION is "VERSION[-RELEASE]". For example:
zypper=0.8.8-2.
The NAME component of a capability is not only a package name but any symbol
provided by packages: /bin/vi, libcurl.so.3, perl(Time::ParseDate). Just remember
to quote to protect the special characters from the shell, for example:
zypper\>0.8.10 or 'zypper>0.8.10'.
If EDITION is not specified, the newest installable version will be installed.
This also means that if the package is already installed and newer versions are
available, it will get upgraded to the newest installable version.
If ARCH is not specified, or the last dot of the capability name string is not
followed by known architecture, the solver will treat the whole string as a
capability name. If the ARCH is known, the solver will select a package matching
that architecture and complain if such package cannot be found.
If you want to make sure a package from a specific REPOSITORY is picked, use
REPOSITORY:PACKAGENAME as argument.
Zypper is also able to install plain RPM files while trying to satisfy their
dependencies using packages from defined repositories. You can install a plain RPM
file by specifying its location in the install command arguments either as a local
path or an URI. E.g.:
$ zypper install ~/rpms/foo.rpm http://some.site/bar.rpm
Zypper will report packages that it cannot find. Further, in interactive mode,
zypper proceeds with installation of the rest of requested packages, and it will
abort immediately in non-interactive mode. In both cases zypper returns
ZYPPER_EXIT_INF_CAP_NOT_FOUND after finishing the operation.
Zypper will collect the files in a temporary plaindir repository and mark the
respective packages for installation. If --download-only is used, the downloaded
packages will be available in /var/cache/zypper/RPMS until you actually install
them or call zypper clean to clear the package caches. They will not become part
of the global package cache at /var/cache/zypp/packages (see also the global
--pkg-cache-dir option).
In the install command, you can also specify packages you wish to remove by prepending
their names by a - or ! character. For example:
$ zypper install \!Firefox
In contrast to zypper remove Firefox which removes Firefox and its dependent
packages, the install command will try to keep dependent packages installed by
looking for Firefox alternatives.
Note that if you choose to use - with the first package you specify, you need to
write -- before it to prevent its interpretation as a command option:
$ zypper install -- -boring-game great-game great-game-manual
-r, --repo alias|name|#|URI
Work only with the repository specified by the alias, name, number or URI. This
option can be used multiple times.
Using --repo is discouraged as it currently hides unmentioned repositories from
the resolver, leading to inexpertly decisions. In the future --repo will become an
alias for --from.
If you want to install a package from a specific repository, use
REPOSITORY:PACKAGENAME as argument.
-t, --type type
Type of package to install (default: package). See section Package Types for list
of available package types. Use zypper se -t type [name] to look for available
items of this type and zypper info -t type name to display more detailed
information about the item.
If patch is specified, zypper will install and/or remove packages to satisfy
specified patch. This is a way to ensure that specific bug fix is installed. Use
zypper list-patches to look for applicable patches.
If product or pattern are specified, zypper ensures that all required (and
optionally recommended) packages are installed.
-n, --name
Select packages by their name, don’t try to select by capabilities.
-f, --force
Install even if the item is already installed (reinstall), downgraded or changes
vendor or architecture.
--oldpackage
Allows one to replace a newer item with an older one. Handy if you are doing a
rollback. Unlike --force it will not enforce a reinstall, if the item is already
installed with the requested version.
--from alias|name|#|URI
Select packages from specified repository. If strings specified as arguments to
the install command match packages in repositories specified in this option, they
will be marked for installation. This option currently implies --name, but allows
using wildcards for specifying packages.
-C, --capability
Select packages by capabilities.
-l, --auto-agree-with-licenses
Automatically say yes to third party license confirmation prompt. By using this
option, you choose to agree with licenses of all third-party software this command
will install. This option is particularly useful for administrators installing the
same set of packages on multiple machines (by an automated process) and have the
licenses confirmed before.
--auto-agree-with-product-licenses
Automatically accept product licenses only. This is used by tools like
SUSEconnect, which ask for confirmation before the product gets registered. So
there’s no need to confirm the product license again at install time.
--replacefiles
Install the packages even if they replace files from other, already installed,
packages. Default is to treat file conflicts as an error. --download-as-needed
disables the file conflict check because access to all packages file lists is
needed in advance in order to perform the check.
-D, --dry-run
Test the installation, do not actually install any package. If used together with
--download-only a meaningful file conflict check can be performed (see section
Package File Conflicts).
--details
Show the detailed installation summary.
-y, --no-confirm
Don’t require user interaction. It’s recommended to use the --non-interactive
global option instead. Global options are passed before the command (zypper
--non-interactive COMMAND ...). Unlike the no-confirm command option, the global
option can be used together with any zypper command.
--allow-unsigned-rpm
Silently install unsigned rpm packages given as commandline parameters.
Solver related options:
--debug-solver
Create solver test case for debugging. Use this option if you think the
dependencies were not solved correctly. When using this option no packages will be
installed or removed. Instead a solver test case is written to
/var/log/zypper.solverTestCase. You can pack the directory and attach it to your
bug report.
--force-resolution
Force the solver to find a solution (even an aggressive one) rather than asking.
In order to perform the requested job the solver is allowed to violate any
otherwise active policy. This includes the allowance to remove packages but also
not to respect even explicitly set policies (by --no-allow-policy or in config
files). It is not recommended to use this option in unattended environments.
The allowance to remove dependent packages is the default when removing packages
(zypper remove).
-R, --no-force-resolution
Do not force the solver to find a solution. Instead, report dependency problems
and prompt the user to resolve them manually. This is the default except when
removing packages (zypper remove).
--solver-focus MODE
Set the solvers general attitude when resolving a job. Valid modes are Job,
Installed or Update. See section Package Dependencies for details.
--recommends
Install also recommended packages in addition to the required ones. The default
behavior is determined by [zypp.conf:solver.onlyRequires].
--no-recommends
Do not install recommended packages, but only required ones. The default behavior
is determined by [zypp.conf:solver.onlyRequires].
Download-and-install mode options:
-d, --download-only
Only download the packages for later installation (see also the global
--pkg-cache-dir option).
If used together with --dry-run a meaningful file conflict check can be performed
(see section Package File Conflicts).
--download-in-advance
First download all packages, then start installing. This is the default.
--download-in-heaps
Download a minimal set of packages that can be installed without leaving the
system in broken state, and install them. Then download and install another heap
until all are installed. This helps to keep the system in consistent state without
the need to download all packages in advance, which combines the advantages of
--download-in-advance and --download-as-needed.
Note
While the resolver is not capable of building heaps, this behaves the same as
--download-in-advance.
--download-as-needed
Download one package, install it immediately, and continue with the rest until all
are installed.
--download mode
Use the specified download-and-install mode. Available modes are: only,
in-advance, in-heaps, as-needed. See corresponding --download-mode options for
their description.
Expert Options:
Don’t use them unless you know you need them.
--allow-downgrade, --no-allow-downgrade
Whether to allow downgrading installed resolvables.
--allow-name-change, --no-allow-name-change
Whether to allow changing the names of installed resolvables. Setting this to no
will not replace packages which have been renamed.
--allow-arch-change, --no-allow-arch-change
Whether to allow changing the architecture of installed resolvables.
--allow-vendor-change, --no-allow-vendor-change
Whether to allow changing the vendor of installed resolvables. Setting this to no
might be useful if you do not want packages from foreign repos being changed to
the distributions version (or vice versa).
Examples:
$ zypper install -t pattern lamp_server
Install lamp_server pattern.
$ zypper install --no-recommends gv
Install GhostScript viewer, but ignore recommended packages.
$ zypper install virtualbox-ose-2.0.6
$ zypper install virtualbox-ose=2.0.6
$ zypper install virtualbox-ose = 2.0.6
Install version 2.0.6 of virtualbox-ose package.
source-install (si) name...
Install specified source packages and their build dependencies. If the name of a
binary package is given, the corresponding source package is looked up and installed
instead.
This command will try to find the newest available versions of the source packages and
uses rpm -i to install them, optionally together with all the packages that are
required to build the source package. The default location where rpm installs source
packages to is /usr/src/packages/{SPECS,SOURCES}, but the values can be changed in
your local rpm configuration. In case of doubt try executing rpm --eval "%{_specdir}
and %{_sourcedir}".
Note that the source packages must be available in repositories you are using. You can
check whether a repository contains any source packages using the following command:
$ zypper search -t srcpackage -r alias|name|#|URI
$ zypper search -t srcpackage -r alias|name|#|URI
-d, --build-deps-only
Install only build dependencies of specified packages.
-D, --no-build-deps
Don’t install build dependencies.
-r, --repo alias|name|#|URI
Work only with the repository specified by the alias, name, number, or URI. This
option can be used multiple times.
--download-only
Only download the packages, do not install.
Examples:
$ zypper si -d dbus-1
Install build dependencies of dbus-1 source package.
verify (ve) [options]
Check whether dependencies of installed packages are satisfied.
In case that any dependency problems are found, zypper suggests packages to install or
remove to fix them.
-D, --dry-run
Test the repair, do not actually do anything to the system. If used together with
--download-only a meaningful file conflict check can be performed (see section
Package File Conflicts).
--details
Show the detailed installation summary.
-r, --repo alias|name|#|URI
Work only with the repository specified by the alias, name, number, or URI. This
option can be used multiple times.
-y, --no-confirm
Don’t require user interaction. It’s recommended to use the --non-interactive
global option instead. Global options are passed before the command (zypper
--non-interactive COMMAND ...). Unlike the no-confirm command option, the global
option can be used together with any zypper command.
Solver related options:
--debug-solver
Create solver test case for debugging. Use this option if you think the
dependencies were not solved correctly. When using this option no packages will be
installed or removed. Instead a solver test case is written to
/var/log/zypper.solverTestCase. You can pack the directory and attach it to your
bug report.
--force-resolution
Force the solver to find a solution (even an aggressive one) rather than asking.
In order to perform the requested job the solver is allowed to violate any
otherwise active policy. This includes the allowance to remove packages but also
not to respect even explicitly set policies (by --no-allow-policy or in config
files). It is not recommended to use this option in unattended environments.
The allowance to remove dependent packages is the default when removing packages
(zypper remove).
-R, --no-force-resolution
Do not force the solver to find a solution. Instead, report dependency problems
and prompt the user to resolve them manually. This is the default except when
removing packages (zypper remove).
--solver-focus MODE
Set the solvers general attitude when resolving a job. Valid modes are Job,
Installed or Update. See section Package Dependencies for details.
--recommends
Install also recommended packages in addition to the required ones. The default
behavior is determined by [zypp.conf:solver.onlyRequires].
--no-recommends
Do not install recommended packages, but only required ones. The default behavior
is determined by [zypp.conf:solver.onlyRequires].
Expert Options:
Don’t use them unless you know you need them.
--allow-downgrade, --no-allow-downgrade
Whether to allow downgrading installed resolvables.
--allow-name-change, --no-allow-name-change
Whether to allow changing the names of installed resolvables. Setting this to no
will not replace packages which have been renamed.
--allow-arch-change, --no-allow-arch-change
Whether to allow changing the architecture of installed resolvables.
--allow-vendor-change, --no-allow-vendor-change
Whether to allow changing the vendor of installed resolvables. Setting this to no
might be useful if you do not want packages from foreign repos being changed to
the distributions version (or vice versa).
This command also accepts the Download-and-install mode options described in the
install command.
install-new-recommends (inr) [options]
Install newly added packages recommended by already installed ones. This command
basically re-evaluates the recommendations of all installed packages and fills up the
system accordingly. You don’t want to call this unconditionally on small or minimal
systems, as it may easily add a large number of packages.
Called as zypper inr --no-recommends, it restricts the command to just look for
packages supporting available hardware, languages or filesystems. Useful after having
added e.g. new hardware or driver repos. This is also the default behavior if you have
set [zypp.conf:solver.onlyRequires].
-r, --repo alias|name|#|URI
Work only with the repository specified by the alias, name, number, or URI. This
option can be used multiple times.
-D, --dry-run
Test the installation, do not actually install anything. If used together with
--download-only a meaningful file conflict check can be performed (see section
Package File Conflicts).
--details
Show the detailed installation summary.
Solver related options:
--debug-solver
Create solver test case for debugging. Use this option if you think the
dependencies were not solved correctly. When using this option no packages will be
installed or removed. Instead a solver test case is written to
/var/log/zypper.solverTestCase. You can pack the directory and attach it to your
bug report.
--force-resolution
Force the solver to find a solution (even an aggressive one) rather than asking.
In order to perform the requested job the solver is allowed to violate any
otherwise active policy. This includes the allowance to remove packages but also
not to respect even explicitly set policies (by --no-allow-policy or in config
files). It is not recommended to use this option in unattended environments.
The allowance to remove dependent packages is the default when removing packages
(zypper remove).
-R, --no-force-resolution
Do not force the solver to find a solution. Instead, report dependency problems
and prompt the user to resolve them manually. This is the default except when
removing packages (zypper remove).
--solver-focus MODE
Set the solvers general attitude when resolving a job. Valid modes are Job,
Installed or Update. See section Package Dependencies for details.
--recommends
Install also recommended packages in addition to the required ones. The default
behavior is determined by [zypp.conf:solver.onlyRequires].
--no-recommends
Do not install recommended packages, but only required ones. The default behavior
is determined by [zypp.conf:solver.onlyRequires].
Expert Options:
Don’t use them unless you know you need them.
--allow-downgrade, --no-allow-downgrade
Whether to allow downgrading installed resolvables.
--allow-name-change, --no-allow-name-change
Whether to allow changing the names of installed resolvables. Setting this to no
will not replace packages which have been renamed.
--allow-arch-change, --no-allow-arch-change
Whether to allow changing the architecture of installed resolvables.
--allow-vendor-change, --no-allow-vendor-change
Whether to allow changing the vendor of installed resolvables. Setting this to no
might be useful if you do not want packages from foreign repos being changed to
the distributions version (or vice versa).
This command also accepts the Download-and-install mode options described in the
install command.
remove (rm) [options] name...
remove (rm) [options] --capability capability...
Remove (uninstall) packages.
The remove command will uninstall the selected and their dependent packages. It will
not try to install alternatives in order to keep dependent packages installed. If you
want this, use zypper install !name.
The packages can be selected by their name or by a capability they provide. For
details on package selection see the install command description.
-r, --repo alias|name|#|URI
Work only with the repository specified by the alias, name, number, or URI. This
option can be used multiple times.
-t, --type type
Type of package (default: package). See section Package Types for list of
available package types.
Since patches are not installed in sense of copying files or recording a database
entry, they cannot be uninstalled, even though zypper shows them as installed. The
installed status is determined solely based on the installed status of its
required dependencies. If these dependencies are satisfied, the patch is rendered
installed.
-n, --name
Select packages by their name (default).
-C, --capability
Select packages by capabilities.
-D, --dry-run
Test the removal of packages, do not actually remove anything.
--details
Show the detailed installation summary.
-y, --no-confirm
Don’t require user interaction. It’s recommended to use the --non-interactive
global option instead. Global options are passed before the command (zypper
--non-interactive COMMAND ...). Unlike the no-confirm command option, the global
option can be used together with any zypper command.
Solver related options:
--debug-solver
Create solver test case for debugging. Use this option if you think the
dependencies were not solved correctly. When using this option no packages will be
installed or removed. Instead a solver test case is written to
/var/log/zypper.solverTestCase. You can pack the directory and attach it to your
bug report.
--force-resolution
Force the solver to find a solution (even an aggressive one) rather than asking.
In order to perform the requested job the solver is allowed to violate any
otherwise active policy. This includes the allowance to remove packages but also
not to respect even explicitly set policies (by --no-allow-policy or in config
files). It is not recommended to use this option in unattended environments.
The allowance to remove dependent packages is the default when removing packages
(zypper remove).
-R, --no-force-resolution
Do not force the solver to find a solution. Instead, report dependency problems
and prompt the user to resolve them manually. This is the default except when
removing packages (zypper remove).
--solver-focus MODE
Set the solvers general attitude when resolving a job. Valid modes are Job,
Installed or Update. See section Package Dependencies for details.
-u, --clean-deps
Automatically remove dependencies which become unneeded after removal of requested
packages.
-U, --no-clean-deps
No automatic removal of unneeded dependencies.
removeptf (rmptf) [options] <PTF|CAPABILITY> ...
Remove (not only) PTFs.
A remove command which prefers replacing dependant packages to removing them as well.
In fact this is a full featured install command with the remove modifier (-) applied
to its plain arguments. So removeptf foo is the same as install — -foo. This is why
the command accepts the same options as the install command. It is the recommended way
to remove a PTF (Program Temporary Fix).
A PTF is typically removed as soon as the fix it provides is applied to the latest
official update of the dependant packages. But you don’t want the dependant packages
to be removed together with the PTF, which is what the remove command would do. The
removeptf command however will aim to replace the dependant packages by their official
update versions.
supports every option the install command supports
purge-kernels [options]
Autoremoves installed kernels.
Automatically cleans up installed kernels according to the rules defined in
[zypp.conf:multiversion.kernels] which can be given as <version>, latest[-N], running,
oldest[+N].
--details
Show the detailed installation summary.
-D, --dry-run
Test the removal of packages, do not actually remove anything.
Update Management Commands
list-updates (lu) [options]
List available updates.
This command will list only installable updates, i.e. updates which have no dependency
problems, or which do not change package vendor. This list is what the update command
will propose to install. To list all packages for which newer version are available,
use --all option.
-t, --type type
Type of package (default: package). See section Package Types for list of
available package types.
If patch is specified, zypper acts as if the list-patches command was executed.
-r, --repo alias|name|#|URI
Work only with the repository specified by the alias, name, number, or URI. This
option can be used multiple times.
-a, --all
List all packages for which newer versions are available, regardless whether they
are installable or not.
--best-effort
See the update command for description.
Expert Options:
Don’t use them unless you know you need them.
--allow-downgrade, --no-allow-downgrade
Whether to allow downgrading installed resolvables.
--allow-name-change, --no-allow-name-change
Whether to allow changing the names of installed resolvables. Setting this to no
will not replace packages which have been renamed.
--allow-arch-change, --no-allow-arch-change
Whether to allow changing the architecture of installed resolvables.
--allow-vendor-change, --no-allow-vendor-change
Whether to allow changing the vendor of installed resolvables. Setting this to no
might be useful if you do not want packages from foreign repos being changed to
the distributions version (or vice versa).
update (up) [options] [packagename]...
Update installed packages with newer versions, where possible.
This command will not update packages which would require change of package vendor
unless the vendor is specified in /etc/zypp/vendors.d, or which would require manual
resolution of problems with dependencies. Such non-installable updates will then be
listed in separate section of the summary as "The following package updates will NOT
be installed:".
To update individual packages, specify one or more package names. You can use the *
and ? wildcard characters in the package names to specify multiple packages matching
the pattern.
-t, --type type
Type of package (default: package). See section Package Types for list of
available package types.
If patch is specified, zypper acts as if the patches command was executed.
-r, --repo alias|name|#|URI
Work only with the repository specified by the alias, name, number, or URI. This
option can be used multiple times.
--skip-interactive
This will skip interactive patches, that is, those that need reboot, contain a
message, or update a package whose license needs to be confirmed.
--with-interactive
Avoid skipping of interactive patches when in non-interactive mode.
-l, --auto-agree-with-licenses
Automatically say yes to third party license confirmation prompt. By using this
option, you choose to agree with licenses of all third-party software this command
will install. This option is particularly useful for administrators installing the
same set of packages on multiple machines (by an automated process) and have the
licenses confirmed before.
--auto-agree-with-product-licenses
Automatically accept product licenses only. This is used by tools like
SUSEconnect, which ask for confirmation before the product gets registered. So
there’s no need to confirm the product license again at install time.
--replacefiles
Install the packages even if they replace files from other, already installed,
packages. Default is to treat file conflicts as an error. --download-as-needed
disables the fileconflict check because access to all packages filelists is needed
in advance in order to perform the check.
-D, --dry-run
Test the update, do not actually install or update any package. If used together
with --download-only a meaningful file conflict check can be performed (see
section Package File Conflicts).
--details
Show the detailed installation summary.
--best-effort
Do a best effort approach to update. This method does not explicitly select
packages with best version and architecture, but instead requests installation of
a package with higher version than the installed one and leaves the rest on the
dependency solver. This method is always used for packages, and is optional for
products and patterns. It is not applicable to patches.
-y, --no-confirm
Don’t require user interaction. It’s recommended to use the --non-interactive
global option instead. Global options are passed before the command (zypper
--non-interactive COMMAND ...). Unlike the no-confirm command option, the global
option can be used together with any zypper command.
Solver related options:
--debug-solver
Create solver test case for debugging. Use this option if you think the
dependencies were not solved correctly. When using this option no packages will be
installed or removed. Instead a solver test case is written to
/var/log/zypper.solverTestCase. You can pack the directory and attach it to your
bug report.
--force-resolution
Force the solver to find a solution (even an aggressive one) rather than asking.
In order to perform the requested job the solver is allowed to violate any
otherwise active policy. This includes the allowance to remove packages but also
not to respect even explicitly set policies (by --no-allow-policy or in config
files). It is not recommended to use this option in unattended environments.
The allowance to remove dependent packages is the default when removing packages
(zypper remove).
-R, --no-force-resolution
Do not force the solver to find a solution. Instead, report dependency problems
and prompt the user to resolve them manually. This is the default except when
removing packages (zypper remove).
--solver-focus MODE
Set the solvers general attitude when resolving a job. Valid modes are Job,
Installed or Update. See section Package Dependencies for details.
--recommends
Install also recommended packages in addition to the required ones. The default
behavior is determined by [zypp.conf:solver.onlyRequires].
--no-recommends
Do not install recommended packages, but only required ones. The default behavior
is determined by [zypp.conf:solver.onlyRequires].
Expert Options:
Don’t use them unless you know you need them.
--allow-downgrade, --no-allow-downgrade
Whether to allow downgrading installed resolvables.
--allow-name-change, --no-allow-name-change
Whether to allow changing the names of installed resolvables. Setting this to no
will not replace packages which have been renamed.
--allow-arch-change, --no-allow-arch-change
Whether to allow changing the architecture of installed resolvables.
--allow-vendor-change, --no-allow-vendor-change
Whether to allow changing the vendor of installed resolvables. Setting this to no
might be useful if you do not want packages from foreign repos being changed to
the distributions version (or vice versa).
This command also accepts the Download-and-install mode options described in the
install command description.
list-patches (lp) [options]
List all applicable patches.
This command is similar to zypper list-updates -t patch.
Note that optional arguments of some of the following options must be specified using
= instead of a space.
-b, --bugzilla[=#[,...]]
List applicable patches for all Bugzilla issues, or issues whose number matches
the given string.
--cve[=#[,...]]
List applicable patches for all CVE issues, or issues whose number matches the
given string.
--date YYYY-MM-DD[,...]
List only patches issued up to, but not including, the specified date.
-g, --category category[,...]
List only patches with this category. See section Package Types for a list of
commonly used category values.
--severity severity[,...]
List only patches with this severity. See section Package Types for a list of
commonly used severity values.
--issue[=string[,...]]
Look for issues whose number, summary, or description matches the specified
string. Issues found by number are displayed separately from those found by
descriptions. In the latter case, use zypper patch-info patchname to get
information about issues the patch fixes.
-a, *--all
By default, only patches that are applicable on your system are listed. This
option causes all available released patches to be listed. This option can be
combined with all the rest of the list-updates command options.
--with-optional, --without-optional
Whether applicable optional patches should be treated as needed or be excluded.
The default is to exclude optional patches.
-r, --repo alias|name|#|URI
Work only with the repository specified by the alias, name, number, or URI. This
option can be used multiple times.
patch-check (pchk)
Check for patches. Displays a count of applicable patches and how many of them have
the security category.
See also the EXIT CODES section for details on exit status of 0, 100, and 101 returned
by this command.
--updatestack-only
Check only for patches which affect the package management itself.
--with-optional, --without-optional
Whether applicable optional patches should be treated as needed or be excluded.
The default is to exclude optional patches.
-r, --repo alias|name|#|URI
Check for patches only in the repository specified by the alias, name, number, or
URI. This option can be used multiple times.
patch [options]
Install all available needed patches.
When updating the affected/vulnerable packages described by a patch, zypper always
aims for the latest available version. See section Package Types for more details
about how patches operate.
If there are patches that affect the package management itself, those will be
installed first and you will be asked to run the patch command again.
This command is similar to zypper update -t patch.
--updatestack-only
Install only patches which affect the package management itself and exit.
--skip-not-applicable-patches
Skip needed patches which do not apply without conflict. In normal operation mode
those conflicts have to be resolved interactively, otherwise the patch command
fails.
In scripted and unattended environments it may be desired to try to apply at least
as many patches as possible so the system is not left completely without updates.
It is highly recommended to run zypper patch-check afterwards in order to see
whether needed patches are still waiting to be resolved interactively.
--with-update
Additionally try to update all packages not covered by patches. This is basically
the same as running zypper update afterwards.
The option is ignored, if the patch command must update the update stack first,
thus it can not be combined with the --updatestack-only option.
--with-optional, --without-optional
Whether applicable optional patches should be treated as needed or be excluded.
The default is to exclude optional patches.
-b, --bugzilla #[,...]
Select applicable patches for a Bugzilla issue specified by number. Use
list-patches --bugzilla command to get a list of applicable patches for specific
issues.
--cve #[,...]
Select applicable patches for a MITRE’s CVE issue specified by number. Use
list-patches --cve command to get a list of applicable patches for specific
issues.
--date YYYY-MM-DD[,...]
Select only patches patches issued up to, but not including, the specified date.
-g, --category category[,...]
Select only patches with this category. Use list-patches --category command to get
a list of available patches with a specific category. See section Package Types
for a list of commonly used category values.
--severity severity[,...]
Select only patches with this severity. Use list-patches --severity command to get
a list of available patches with a specific severity. See section Package Types
for a list of commonly used severity values.
-r, --repo alias|name|#|URI
Work only with the repository specified by the alias, name, number, or URI. This
option can be used multiple times.
--skip-interactive
This will skip interactive patches, that is, those that need reboot, contain a
message, or update a package whose license needs to be confirmed.
--with-interactive
Avoid skipping of interactive patches when in non-interactive mode.
-l, --auto-agree-with-licenses
Automatically say yes to third party license confirmation prompt. By using this
option, you choose to agree with licenses of all third-party software this command
will install. This option is particularly useful for administrators installing the
same set of packages on multiple machines (by an automated process) and have the
licenses confirmed before.
--auto-agree-with-product-licenses
Automatically accept product licenses only. This is used by tools like
SUSEconnect, which ask for confirmation before the product gets registered. So
there’s no need to confirm the product license again at install time.
--replacefiles
Install the packages even if they replace files from other, already installed,
packages. Default is to treat file conflicts as an error. --download-as-needed
disables the fileconflict check because access to all packages filelists is needed
in advance in order to perform the check.
-D, --dry-run
Test the update, do not actually update. If used together with --download-only a
meaningful file conflict check can be performed (see section Package File
Conflicts).
--details
Show the detailed installation summary.
-y, --no-confirm
Don’t require user interaction. It’s recommended to use the --non-interactive
global option instead. Global options are passed before the command (zypper
--non-interactive COMMAND ...). Unlike the no-confirm command option, the global
option can be used together with any zypper command.
Solver related options:
--debug-solver
Create solver test case for debugging. Use this option if you think the
dependencies were not solved correctly. When using this option no packages will be
installed or removed. Instead a solver test case is written to
/var/log/zypper.solverTestCase. You can pack the directory and attach it to your
bug report.
--force-resolution
Force the solver to find a solution (even an aggressive one) rather than asking.
In order to perform the requested job the solver is allowed to violate any
otherwise active policy. This includes the allowance to remove packages but also
not to respect even explicitly set policies (by --no-allow-policy or in config
files). It is not recommended to use this option in unattended environments.
The allowance to remove dependent packages is the default when removing packages
(zypper remove).
-R, --no-force-resolution
Do not force the solver to find a solution. Instead, report dependency problems
and prompt the user to resolve them manually. This is the default except when
removing packages (zypper remove).
--solver-focus MODE
Set the solvers general attitude when resolving a job. Valid modes are Job,
Installed or Update. See section Package Dependencies for details.
--recommends
Install also recommended packages in addition to the required ones. The default
behavior is determined by [zypp.conf:solver.onlyRequires].
--no-recommends
Do not install recommended packages, but only required ones. The default behavior
is determined by [zypp.conf:solver.onlyRequires].
Expert Options:
Don’t use them unless you know you need them.
--allow-downgrade, --no-allow-downgrade
Whether to allow downgrading installed resolvables.
--allow-name-change, --no-allow-name-change
Whether to allow changing the names of installed resolvables. Setting this to no
will not replace packages which have been renamed.
--allow-arch-change, --no-allow-arch-change
Whether to allow changing the architecture of installed resolvables.
--allow-vendor-change, --no-allow-vendor-change
Whether to allow changing the vendor of installed resolvables. Setting this to no
might be useful if you do not want packages from foreign repos being changed to
the distributions version (or vice versa).
This command also accepts the Download-and-install mode options described in the
install command description.
dist-upgrade (dup) [options]
Perform a distribution upgrade. This command applies the state of (specified)
repositories onto the system; upgrades (or even downgrades) installed packages to
versions found in repositories, removes packages that are no longer in the
repositories and pose a dependency problem for the upgrade, handles package splits and
renames, etc.
If no repositories are specified via the --from option, zypper will do a global
upgrade with all defined repositories. This global form of dup will also consider
unchanged installed packages and re-evaluate their dependencies. This can be a problem
if the system contains conflicting repositories, like repositories for two different
distribution releases. This often happens if one forgets to remove an older release
repository after adding a new one, say openSUSE 13.1 and openSUSE 13.2.
For all repositories which have the distribution version within their URL (like
https://download.opensuse.org/distribution/13.1/repo/oss) using the $releasever
variable instead may be helpful
(https://download.opensuse.org/distribution/$releasever/repo/oss). The variable is per
default substituted by the current distributions version (13.1).
This value can be temporarily overwritten in the current zypper command by using the
--releasever global option. Calling zypper --releasever 13.2... will cause these repos
to use the new location (https://download.opensuse.org/distribution/13.2/repo/oss)
without the need to add/remove anything. But you’ll need to use --releasever 13.2 with
every zypper command until the distribution upgrade was actually performed. Once the
dup is done, $releasever will default to the new distribution version 13.2 and
--releasever is no longer needed.
It might be less tedious to persistently set $releasever to the target distribution
value, so --releasever is not needed at all. See section Repository Management for
more info about variable substitution and the definition of custom variables.
Note: Performing a distribution upgrade will automatically create a solver test case
at /var/log/updateTestcase-YYYY-MM-DD-hh-mm-ss (the date and time the command was
executed).
Note: distribution upgrades in openSUSE are currently only supported between
consecutive releases. To upgrade multiple releases, upgrade each consecutive release
one at a time. For more details see http://en.opensuse.org/SDB:System_upgrade and the
openSUSE release notes at http://doc.opensuse.org/release-notes/.
--from alias|name|#|URI
The option can be used multiple times and restricts the upgrade to the specified
repositories only. Nevertheless all enabled repositories are visible to the
resolver and will be considered to satisfy dependency problems.
--remove-orphaned
Remove orphaned packages. Installed packages which are not provided by at least
one of the available repositories are considered to be orphaned or dropped.
dist-upgrade removes orphaned packages if they prevent the upgrade of wanted
packages. With this option all unneeded orphaned packages are removed.
'Note:' Packages which are not shipped within a repository - manually built or downloaded ones -, can be collected in a plaindir repository to prevent them from being treated as orphaned. See section *System Packages* for details.
-r, --repo alias|name|#|URI
Work only with the repository specified by the alias, name, number, or URI.
Using --repo is discouraged as it currently hides unmentioned repositories from
the resolver, leading to inexpertly decisions. This is because packages originally
installed from the hidden repos will now be treated as orphaned or dropped. They
can be silently removed if involved in a dependency conflict. In the future --repo
will become an alias for --from.
-l, --auto-agree-with-licenses
Automatically say yes to third party license confirmation prompt. By using this
option, you choose to agree with licenses of all third-party software this command
will install. This option is particularly useful for administrators installing the
same set of packages on multiple machines (by an automated process) and have the
licenses confirmed before.
--auto-agree-with-product-licenses
Automatically accept product licenses only. This is used by tools like
SUSEconnect, which ask for confirmation before the product gets registered. So
there’s no need to confirm the product license again at install time.
--replacefiles
Install the packages even if they replace files from other, already installed,
packages. Default is to treat file conflicts as an error. --download-as-needed
disables the fileconflict check because access to all packages filelists is needed
in advance in order to perform the check.
-D, --dry-run
Test the upgrade, do not actually install or update any package. If used together
with --download-only a meaningful file conflict check can be performed (see
section Package File Conflicts).
-y, --no-confirm
Don’t require user interaction. It’s recommended to use the --non-interactive
global option instead. Global options are passed before the command (zypper
--non-interactive COMMAND ...). Unlike the no-confirm command option, the global
option can be used together with any zypper command.
--details
Show the detailed installation summary.
Solver related options:
--debug-solver
Create solver test case for debugging. Use this option if you think the
dependencies were not solved correctly. When using this option no packages will be
installed or removed. Instead a solver test case is written to
/var/log/zypper.solverTestCase. You can pack the directory and attach it to your
bug report.
--force-resolution
Force the solver to find a solution (even an aggressive one) rather than asking.
In order to perform the requested job the solver is allowed to violate any
otherwise active policy. This includes the allowance to remove packages but also
not to respect even explicitly set policies (by --no-allow-policy or in config
files). It is not recommended to use this option in unattended environments.
The allowance to remove dependent packages is the default when removing packages
(zypper remove).
-R, --no-force-resolution
Do not force the solver to find a solution. Instead, report dependency problems
and prompt the user to resolve them manually. This is the default except when
removing packages (zypper remove).
--solver-focus MODE
Set the solvers general attitude when resolving a job. Valid modes are Job,
Installed or Update. See section Package Dependencies for details.
--recommends
Install also recommended packages in addition to the required ones. The default
behavior is determined by [zypp.conf:solver.onlyRequires].
--no-recommends
Do not install recommended packages, but only required ones. The default behavior
is determined by [zypp.conf:solver.onlyRequires].
Expert Options:
Don’t use them unless you know you need them.
--allow-downgrade, --no-allow-downgrade
Whether to allow downgrading installed resolvables.
--allow-name-change, --no-allow-name-change
Whether to allow changing the names of installed resolvables. Setting this to no
will not replace packages which have been renamed.
--allow-arch-change, --no-allow-arch-change
Whether to allow changing the architecture of installed resolvables.
--allow-vendor-change, --no-allow-vendor-change
Whether to allow changing the vendor of installed resolvables. Setting this to no
might be useful if you do not want packages from foreign repos being changed to
the distributions version (or vice versa).
This command also accepts the Download-and-install mode options described in the
install command description.
Examples:
$ zypper dup --from factory --from packman
Upgrade the system to the latest versions provided by the factory and packman
repositories.
Query Commands
search (se) [options] [querystring|capability]...
Search for packages matching any of the given search strings. * and ? wildcard
characters can be used within search strings. If the search string is enclosed in /
(e.g. /^k.*e$/) it’s interpreted as a regular expression. See the install command for
details about how to specify a capability.
If the search string starts with a /, a filename is assumed and the search will
automatically look into the file list of packages. Otherwise use -f to search in the
packages file lists as well.
Results of the search are printed in a table with columns Status, Name, Summary and
Type of package. In case the query result is empty zypper returns
ZYPPER_EXIT_INF_CAP_NOT_FOUND, unless the --ignore-unknown global option is set.
In the detailed view (se -s) all available instances of matching packages are shown;
each version in each repository on a separate line, with columns Status, Name, Type,
Version, Architecture and Repository. For installed packages Repository shows either a
repository that provides exactly the installed version of the package, or, if the
exact version is not provided by any known repo, (System Packages) (or @System). Those
installed packages not provided by any repo are often denoted as being unwanted,
orphaned or dropped.
The Status column can contain the following values:
i+
installed by user request
i
installed automatically (by the resolver, see section Automatically installed
packages)
v
a different version is installed
empty
neither of the above cases
!
a patch in needed state
.l
is shown in the 2nd column if the item is locked (see section Package Locks
Management)
.P
is shown in the 2nd column if the item is part of a PTF (A program temporary
fix which must be explicitly selected and will otherwise not be considered in
dependency resolution).
.R
is shown in the 2nd column if the item has been retracted (see patch in
section Package Types)
The v status is only shown if the version or the repository matters (see --details or
--repo), and the installed instance differs from the one listed in version or
repository.
The verbose view (se -v; implies -s) will also show the matches themselves within the
packages metadata.
This command accepts the following options:
--match-substrings
Matches for search strings may be partial words (default).
--match-words
Matches for search strings may only be whole words.
-x, --match-exact
Searches for an exact name of the package.
--provides
Search for packages which provide the search strings.
--requires
Search for packages which require the search strings.
--recommends
Search for packages which recommend the search strings.
--suggests
Search for packages which suggest the search strings.
--conflicts
Search for packages conflicting with the search strings.
--obsoletes
Search for packages which obsolete the search strings.
--supplements
Search for packages which supplement the search strings.
--provides-pkg
Search for all packages that provide any of the provides of the package(s) matched
by the input parameters.
--requires-pkg
Search for all packages that require any of the provides of the package(s) matched
by the input parameters.
--recommends-pkg
Search for all packages that recommend any of the provides of the package(s)
matched by the input parameters.
--supplements-pkg
Search for all packages that supplement any of the provides of the package(s)
matched by the input parameters.
--conflicts-pkg
Search for all packages that conflict with any of the package(s) matched by the
input parameters.
--obsoletes-pkg
Search for all packages that obsolete any of the package(s) matched by the input
parameters.
--suggests-pkg
Search for all packages that suggest any of the provides of the package(s) matched
by the input parameters.
-n, --name
Useful together with dependency options, otherwise searching in package name is
default.
-f, --file-list
Search in the file list of packages. Note that the full file list is available for
installed packages only. For remote packages only an abstract of their file list
is available within the metadata (files containing /etc/, /bin/, or /sbin/).
-d, --search-descriptions
Search also in summaries and descriptions.
-C, --case-sensitive
Perform case-sensitive search.
-i, --installed-only
Show only installed packages.
-u, --not-installed-only
Show only packages which are not installed.
The old option name --uninstalled-only is still acceptable, but should be
considered deprecated.
-t, --type type
Search only for packages of specified type. See section Package Types for a list
of available package types. Multiple --type options are allowed.
See also the type-specific query commands like packages, patterns, etc.
-r, --repo alias|name|#|URI
Work only with the repository specified by the alias, name, number, or URI. This
option can be used multiple times.
--sort-by-name
Sort packages by name (default).
--sort-by-repo
Sort packages by repository, not by name.
-s, --details
Show all available versions of matching packages, each version in each repository
on a separate line.
-v, --verbose
Like --details with additional information where the search has matched (useful
when searching for dependencies, e.g. --provides).
Examples:
$ zypper se 'yast*'
Search for YaST packages (quote the string to prevent the shell from expanding
the wildcard).
$ zypper se -s --match-exact kernel-default
Show all available versions of package kernel-default
$ zypper se -dC --match-words RSI
Look for RSI acronym (case-sensitively), also in summaries and descriptions.
packages (pa) [options] [repository]...
List all available packages or all packages from specified repositories. Similar to
zypper search -s -t package.
-r, --repo alias|name|#|URI
Just another means to specify repositories.
-i, --installed-only
Show only installed packages.
-u, --not-installed-only
Show only packages which are not installed.
The old option name --uninstalled-only is still acceptable, but should be
considered deprecated.
*--autoinstalled
Show installed packages which were automatically selected by the resolver.
--userinstalled
Show installed packages which were explicitly selected by the user.
--system
Show installed packages which are not provided by any repository.
--orphaned
Show system packages which are orphaned (without repository and without update
candidate). If combined with --system, the status of orphaned packages is tagged
with (o).
--suggested
Show packages which are suggested.
--recommended
Show packages which are recommended.
--unneeded
Show packages which are unneeded.
patches (pch) [options] [repository]...
List all available patches from specified repositories, including those not needed.
Short for zypper lp -a.
-r, --repo alias|name_|#|URI
Just another means to specify repositories.
patterns (pt) [options] [repository]...
List all available patterns or all patterns from specified repositories. Similar to
zypper search -s -t pattern.
-r, --repo alias|name|#|URI
Just another means to specify repositories.
-i, --installed-only
Show only installed patterns.
-u, --not-installed-only
Show only patterns which are not installed.
The old option name --uninstalled-only is still acceptable, but should be
considered deprecated.
products (pd) [options] [repository]...
List all available products or all products from specified repositories. Similar to
zypper search -s -t product, but shows also the type of the product (base, add-on).
-r, --repo alias|name|#|URI
Just another means to specify repositories.
-i, --installed-only
Show only installed products.
-u, --not-installed-only
Show only products which are not installed.
The old option name --uninstalled-only is still acceptable, but should be
considered deprecated.
--xmlfwd tag
XML output only: Literally forward the XML tag, if it is found in an installed
products .prod-file (in /etc/products.d).
Using this option, for each installed product an <xmlfwd> node will be created
inside the <product> output node of the product.
Tag defines the name (or /-separated path) of a xml-tag inside an installed
products .prod-file. If the tag is present inside the products .prod-file, the tag
and it’s content is literally forwarded into the products <xmlfwd> output node.
The option may be specified multiple times.
Examples:
$ zypper -x pd --xmlfwd name --xmlfwd register/target
what-provides (wp) capability
List all packages providing the specified capability (case-insensitive search). See
also the install command for info about specifying capabilities.
The command line is automatically transformed into the corresponding search command:
$ zypper what-provides 'zypper>1.6'
$ zypper search --provides --match-exact 'zypper>1.6'
For a case-sensitive search call
$ zypper search --provides --match-exact --case-sensitive 'zypper>1.6'
Repository Management
Zypper is able to work with YaST, RPM-MD (yum) software repositories, and plain
directories containing .rpm files (no symlinks).
Repositories are primarily identified using their URI or alias. Alias serves as a
shorthand for the long URI or name of the repository. The name of the repository should
briefly describe the repository and is shown to the user in tables and messages. The name
is not required, and if not known, the alias is shown instead. The alias is required and
uniquely identifies the repository on the system.
The alias, name, URI, or the number from zypper repos list can be used to specify a
repository as an argument of various zypper commands and options like refresh, --repo, or
--from.
Apart from the above, repositories have several other properties which can be set using
the commands described in this section below, or by manually editing the repository
definition files (.repo files, see section FILES).
Variable substitution:
You can use the following variables within a .repo or .service files name and URI values:
$arch
Use this variable to refer to the system’s CPU architecture.
$basearch
Use this variable to refer to the base architecture of the system. For example, iX86
machines have a base architecture of i386, while AMD64 and Intel64 have x86_64.
$releasever, $releasever_major, $releasever_minor
Use this variable to refer to the version of your openSUSE or SUSE Linux. The value is
obtained from the /product/version XML-node in /etc/products.d/baseproduct.
This is useful for related repositories like packman
(http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/linux/packman/suse/$releasever), which shall always fit the
installed distribution, even after a distribution upgrade.
To help performing a distribution upgrade, the value of $releasever can be
persistently set to a user defined value by creating a custom variable with that name
(see below). This way you can easily switch all repositories using $releasever to the
new version (provided the server layouts did not change and new repos are already
available).
For a single zypper command the value of $releasever can be temporarily overwritten by
using the --releasever global option.
In addition $releasever_major will be set to the leading portion up to (but not
including) the 1st dot; $releasever_minor to the trailing portion after the 1st dot.
If there’s no dot in $releasever, $releasever_major is the same as $releasever and
$releasever_minor is empty.
Custom Variables
A custom repository variable is defined by creating a file in /etc/zypp/vars.d. The
variable name equals the file name. The files first line (up to but not including the
newline character) defines the variables value. Valid variable(file) names consist of
alphanumeric chars and underscore only.
This is how you can set a custom variable, e.g. $releasever to a value of 99.0:
echo "99.0" >/etc/zypp/vars.d/releasever
To remove the custom variable, simply delete its file in /etc/zypp/vars.d:
rm /etc/zypp/vars.d/releasever
To check where you already use $releasever call:
zypper --releasever @--HERE--@ lr -u
Remember to protect the $ when using these variables on a shell command line:
zypper ar -f http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/linux/packman/suse/\$releasever packman
If a variable is followed by an alphanumeric character or underscore it needs to be
enclosed in {}:
zypper ar -f http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/linux/packman/suse/\${releasever}_packman
Bash style definition of default ${variable:-word} and alternate ${variable:+word} values:
SLE-${releasever_major}${releasever_minor:+-SP-$releasever_minor}
NOTE:
Variable substitution within an URIs authority is limited to host and port. Bash style
definition of default and alternate values is not supported. No variables can be used
in an URIs scheme, user and password.
Supported URI formats:
scheme:@]host[:port]]/path[?query][#fragment]
Special characters occurring in URI components (like a '@' in a password) must be
%-encoded ('%40').
CD or DVD drive
Optionally with devices list for probing.
• cd:///
dvd:/subdir?devices=/dev/sr0,/dev/sr1
FTP/HTTP/HTTPS directory tree
The ftp URL scheme supports absolute and relative paths to the default ftp server
directory (RFC1738, Section 3.2.2). To use an absolute path, you have to prepend the
path with an additional slash, what results in a /%2f combination (second / encoded to
%2f) at the begin of the URL path. This is important, especially in user authenticated
ftp, where the users home is usually the default directory of the server (except when
the server chroots into the users home directory).
Explicit proxy settings may be passed via optional parameters proxy, proxyport,
proxyuser and proxypass.
HTTP authentication methods to use can be defined as comma separated list via optional
parameter auth. Valid methods are e.g. basic, digest, ntlm, negotiate. Note, that this
list depends on the list of methods supported by the curl library.
SSL verification behavior can be changed using the ssl_verify option (this should be
used with care). Valid values are yes (the secure default), host, peer or no. Host
just checks that the "Common Name" field or a "Subject Alternate Name" field in the
servers certificate matches the host name in the URL. Peer just verifies whether the
certificate provided by the server is authentic against the chain of digital
signatures found in ssl_capath. No performs no checks at all. Yes is the secure
default, performing host and peer check.
For SSL client certificate authentication use the options ssl_clientcert to define the
path to the ssl client certificate and ssl_clientkey to define the path to the SSL
client key. Use ssl_capath to change the directory holding the CA certificates
(default is /etc/ssl/certs).
• ftp://user:pass@server/path/to/media/dir
ftp://user:pass@server/%2fhome/user/path/to/media/dir
http://user:pass@server/path
https://user:pass@server/path?proxy=foo&proxyuser=me&proxypass=pw
https://server/path?ssl_clientcert=/entitlement/1234.pem&ssl_clientkey=/entitlement/1234-key.pem
Disk volume (partition)
Mandatory device parameter specifying the name of the block device to mount. The name
of the optional filesystem defaults to "auto".
• hd:/subdir?device=/dev/sda1&filesystem=reiserfs
Local directory tree
• dir:/directory/name
Media in an ISO image (loopback mounted)
Mandatory iso parameter specifying the name of the iso file. Optional url parameter
specifying the URL to the directory containing the iso file. Optional mnt parameter
specifying the preferred attach point for the source media url. Optional filesystem
name of the filesystem used in the iso file. Defaults to "auto".
• iso:/?iso=CD1.iso&url=nfs://server/path/to/media
iso:/?iso=CD1.iso&url=hd:/?device=/dev/hda
iso:/subdir?iso=DVD1.iso&url=nfs://nfs-server/directory&mnt=/nfs/attach/point&filesystem=udf
NFS exported directory tree
To use NFSv4 either use schema tnfsv4:// or pass an optional parameter type=nfs4.
Additional mountoptions can be passed as comma separated list. Defaults to "ro".
• nfs://nfs-server/exported/path
nfs://nfs-server/exported/path?mountoptions=ro&type=nfs4
nfs4://nfs-server/exported/path?mountoptions=ro
CIFS/SMB directory tree
There is no difference between cifs and smb scheme (any more). In both cases the cifs
filesystem is used. Additional mountoptions can be passed as comma separated list.
Defaults to "ro,guest". Specify "noguest" to turn off "guest". This is necessary if
Samba is configured to reject guest connections.
Optional workgroup or domain parameter set the name of the workgroup. As alternative
to passing username:password in the URI authority the parameters user and pass can be
used.
• smb://servername/share/path/on/the/share
cifs://usern:passw@servername/share/path/on/the/share?mountoptions=ro,noguest
cifs://usern:passw@servername/share/path/on/the/share?workgroup=mygroup
cifs://servername/share/path/on/the/share?user=usern&pass=passw
OpenSUSE Build Build Service (OBS) repositories
Zypper also accepts special URIs identifying openSUSE Build Service (OBS) repositories
in the addrepo command. These URIs have the form of obs://project/[platform], where
project is the name of the OBS project and platform is the target platform (OS) for
which the repository is intended.
If platform is omitted, openSUSE_$releasever is used unless a value for obs.platform
is defined in zypper.conf. If you are following openSUSE_Factory or
openSUSE_Tumbleweed you may need to set these as your default platform. But we can
only guess, how the directory containing the repository that fits your distribution is
named on the server. In case of doubt you need to look up the right URL in a browser.
• obs://zypp:Head/
obs://zypp:Head/openSUSE_Factory
obs://zypp:Head/openSUSE_Factory_Staging_Gcc49_standard
Commands:
addrepo (ar) [options] URI alias
addrepo (ar) [options] FILE*.repo*
Add a new repository specified by URI and assign specified alias to it or specify URI
to a .repo file.
Newly added repositories have auto-refresh disabled by default (except for
repositories imported from a .repo, having the auto-refresh enabled). To enable
auto-refresh use addrepo -f, or the --refresh option of the modifyrepo command.
Also, this command does not automatically refresh the newly added repositories. The
repositories will get refreshed when used for the first time, or you can use the
refresh command after finishing your modifications with *repo commands.
-r, --repo file.repo
Read URI and alias from specified .repo file
-c, --check
Probe given URI.
-C, --no-check
Don’t probe URI, probe later during refresh.
-n, --name name
Specify descriptive name for the repository.
-e, --enable
Enable the repository (the default).
-d, --disable
Add the repository as disabled. Repositories are added as enabled by default.
-f, --refresh
Enable autorefresh of the repository. The autorefresh is disabled by default when
adding new repositories.
-F, --no-refresh
Disable auto-refresh for the repository.
-p, --priority [1-2147483647]|0
Set the priority of the repository. Priority of 1 is the highest, and 2147483647
is the lowest. -p 0 will set the priority back to the default (99). Packages from
repositories with higher priority will be used even if there are better versions
available in a repository with a lower priority.
-k, --keep-packages
Enable RPM files caching for the repository.
-K, --no-keep-packages
Disable RPM files caching.
-g, --gpgcheck
Enable GPG check for this repository. The behavior as described in section GPG
checks.
--gpgcheck-strict
Enable strict GPG check for this repository. Even packages from signed
repositories need a valid GPG signature and using unsigned packages must be
confirmed.
--gpgcheck-allow-unsigned
Short hand for --gpgcheck-allow-unsigned-repo --gpgcheck-allow-unsigned-package
--gpgcheck-allow-unsigned-repo
Enable GPG check but allow the repository metadata to be unsigned.
--gpgcheck-allow-unsigned-package
Enable GPG check but allow installing unsigned packages from this repository.
-G, --no-gpgcheck
Disable GPG check for this repository.
Disabling GPG checks is not recommended. Signing data enables the recipient to
verify that no modifications occurred after the data were signed. Accepting data
with no, wrong or unknown signature can lead to a corrupted system and in extreme
cases even to a system compromise.
--default-gpgcheck
Use the global GPG check settings defined in /etc/zypp/zypp.conf. This is the
default.
Unless you have modified your zypp.conf settings, this is the same as --gpgcheck,
the behavior as described in section GPG checks.
Examples:
$ zypper ar -c -n 'Packman 11.1 repo' http://packman.iu-bremen.de/suse/11.1
packman
Add a HTTP repository, probe it, name it Packman 11.1 repo, and use packman as
alias.
$ zypper ar
https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/zypp:/svn/openSUSE_Factory/zypp:svn.repo
$ zypper ar myreposbackup.repo
Add repositories from a .repo file.
removerepo (rr) [options] alias|name|#|URI...
Delete repositories specified by aliases, names, numbers, URIs or one of the aggregate
options.
--loose-auth
Ignore user authentication data in the URI
--loose-query
Ignore query string in the URI
-a, --all
Apply changes to all repositories.
-l, --local
Apply changes to all local repositories.
-t, --remote
Apply changes to all remote repositories (http/https/ftp).
-m, --medium-type type
Apply changes to repositories of specified type. The type corresponds to the
repository URI scheme identifier like http, dvd, etc. You can find complete list
of valid types at http://en.opensuse.org/openSUSE:Libzypp_URIs.
repos (lr) [options] [repo]...
List all defined repositories or show detailed information about those specified as
arguments
The following data can be printed for each repository found on the system: #
(repository number), Alias (unique identifier), Name, Enabled (whether the repository
is enabled), GPG Check (whether GPG check for repository metadata (r) and/or
downloaded rpm packages (p) is enabled), Refresh (whether auto-refresh is enabled for
the repository), Priority, Type (repository meta-data type: rpm-md, yast2, plaindir).
Which of the data is shown is determined by command line options listed below and the
main.repoListColumns setting from zypper.conf. By default, #, Alias, Name, Enabled,
GPG Check and Refresh is shown.
Repository number is a unique identifier of the repository in current set of
repositories. If you add, remove or change a repository, the numbers may change. Keep
that in mind when using the numbers with the repository handling commands. On the
other hand, using the alias instead of the number is always safe.
To show detailed information about specific repositories, specify them as arguments,
either by alias, name, number from simple zypper lr, or by URI; e.g. fB zypper lr
factory, or zypper lr 2.
-e, --export FILE.repo|-
This option causes zypper to write repository definition of all defined
repositories into a single file in repo file format. If - is specified instead of
a file name, the repositories will be written to the standard output.
-a, --alias
Add alias column to the output.
-n, --name
Add name column to the output.
-u, --uri
Add base URI column to the output.
-p, --priority
Add repository priority column to the output.
-r, --refresh
Add the autorefresh column to the output.
-d, --details
Show more information like URI, priority, type, etc.
-E, --show-enabled-only
Show enabled repositories only.
-U, --sort-by-uri
Add base URI column and sort the list it.
-P, --sort-by-priority
Add repository priority column and sort the list by it.
-A, --sort-by-alias
Sort the list by alias.
-N, --sort-by-name
Sort the list by name.
Examples:
$ zypper repos -e myreposbackup.repo
Backup your repository setup:
$ zypper lr -pu
List repositories with their URIs and priorities:
renamerepo (nr) alias|name|#|URI new-alias
Assign new alias to the repository specified by alias, name, number, or URI.
Examples:
$ zypper nr 8 myrepo
Rename repository number 8 to myrepo (useful if the repo has some dreadful
alias which is not usable on the command line).
modifyrepo (mr) options alias|name|#|URI...
modifyrepo (mr) options --all|--remote|--local|--medium-type
Modify properties of repositories specified by alias, name, number, or URI or one of
the aggregate options.
-n, --name name
Set a descriptive name for the repository.
-e, --enable
Enable the repository.
-d, --disable
Disable the repository.
-f, --refresh (legacy: -r)
Enable auto-refresh for the repository.
-F, --no-refresh (legacy: -R)
Disable auto-refresh for the repository.
-p, --priority [1-2147483647]|0
Set the priority of the repository. Priority of 1 is the highest, and 2147483647
is the lowest. -p 0 will set the priority back to the default (99). Packages from
repositories with higher priority will be used even if there are better versions
available in a repository with a lower priority.
-k, --keep-packages
Enable RPM files caching.
-K, --no-keep-packages
Disable RPM files caching.
-g, --gpgcheck
Enable GPG check for this repository. The behavior as described in section GPG
checks.
--gpgcheck-strict
Enable strict GPG check for this repository. Even packages from signed
repositories need a valid GPG signature and using unsigned packages must be
confirmed.
--gpgcheck-allow-unsigned
Short hand for --gpgcheck-allow-unsigned-repo --gpgcheck-allow-unsigned-package
--gpgcheck-allow-unsigned-repo
Enable GPG check but allow the repository metadata to be unsigned.
--gpgcheck-allow-unsigned-package
Enable GPG check but allow installing unsigned packages from this repository.
-G, --no-gpgcheck
Disable GPG check for this repository.
Disabling GPG checks is not recommended. Signing data enables the recipient to
verify that no modifications occurred after the data were signed. Accepting data
with no, wrong or unknown signature can lead to a corrupted system and in extreme
cases even to a system compromise.
--default-gpgcheck
Use the global GPG check settings defined in /etc/zypp/zypp.conf. This is the
default.
Unless you have modified your zypp.conf settings, this is the same as --gpgcheck,
the behavior as described in section GPG checks.
-a, --all
Apply changes to all repositories.
-l, --local
Apply changes to all local repositories.
-t, --remote
Apply changes to all remote repositories (http/https/ftp).
-m, --medium-type type
Apply changes to repositories of specified type. The type corresponds to the
repository URI scheme identifier like http, dvd, etc. You can find complete list
of valid types at http://en.opensuse.org/openSUSE:Libzypp_URIs.
Examples:
$ zypper mr -kt
Enable keeping of packages for all remote repositories.
$ zypper mr -er updates
Enable repository updates and switch on autorefresh for the repo.
$ zypper mr -da
Disable all repositories.
refresh (ref) [alias|name|#|URI]...
Refresh repositories specified by their alias, name, number, or URI. If no
repositories are specified, all enabled repositories will be refreshed.
-f, --force
Force a complete refresh of specified repositories. This option will cause both
the download of raw metadata and parsing of the metadata to be forced even if
everything indicates a refresh is not needed.
-b, --force-build
Force only reparsing of cached metadata and rebuilding of the database. Raw
metadata download will not be forced.
-d, --force-download
Force only download of current copy of repository metadata. Parsing and rebuild of
the database will not be forced.
-B, --build-only
Only parse the metadata and build the database, don’t download raw metadata into
the cache. This will enable you to repair damaged database from cached data
without accessing network at all.
-D, --download-only
Only download the raw metadata, don’t parse it or build the database.
-s, --services
Refresh also services before refreshing repositories.
clean (cc) [options] [alias|name|#|URI]...
Clean the local caches for all known or specified repositories. By default, only
caches of downloaded packages are cleaned.
-m, --metadata
Clean repository metadata cache instead of package cache.
-M, --raw-metadata
Clean repository raw metadata cache instead of package cache.
-a, --all
Clean both repository metadata and package caches.
Service Management
The services, addservice, removeservice, modifyservice, and refresh-services commands
serve for manipulating services. A service is specified by its URI and needs to have a
unique alias defined (among both services and repositories).
Standalone repositories (not belonging to any service) are treated like services, too. The
ls command will list them, ms command will modify them, etc. Repository specific options,
like --keep-packages are not available here, though. You can use repository handling
commands to manipulate them.
addservice (as) [options] URI alias
Adds a service specified by URI to the system. The alias must be unique and serves to
identify the service. If a service with the same alias and URI already exists, the
command behaves like modifyservice and updates the settings accordingly.
Newly added services are not refreshed automatically. Use the refresh-services command
to refresh them. Zypper does not access the service URI when adding the service, so
the type of the services is unknown until it is refreshed.
-n, --name name
Specify descriptive name for the service.
-e, --enable
Enable the service (this is the default).
-d, --disable
Add the service as disabled.
-f, --refresh
Enable auto-refresh of the service.
-F, --no-refresh
Disable auto-refresh of the service.
removeservice (rs) [options] alias|name|#|URI...
Remove specified service from the system. Removing a service will also remove of all
of its repositories.
--loose-auth
Ignore user authentication data in the URI.
--loose-query
Ignore query string in the URI.
modifyservice (ms) options alias|name|#|URI
modifyservice (ms) options --all|--remote|--local|--medium-type
Modify properties of specified services.
Common Options
These options are common to all types of services and repositories.
-n, --name name
Set a descriptive name for the service.
-e, --enable
Enable a disabled service.
-d, --disable
Disable the service (but don’t remove it).
-f, --refresh (legacy: -r)
Enable auto-refresh of the service.
-F, --no-refresh (legacy: -R)
Disable auto-refresh of the service.
-a, --all
Apply changes to all services.
-l, --local
Apply changes to all local services.
-t, --remote
Apply changes to all remote services.
-m, --medium-type type
Apply changes to services of specified type.
RIS Service Specific Options
These options are ignored by services other than Repository Index Services.
-i, --ar-to-enable alias
Schedule an RIS service repository to be enabled at next service refresh.
-I, --ar-to-disable alias
Schedule an RIS service repository to be disabled at next service refresh.
-j, --rr-to-enable alias
Remove a RIS service repository to enable.
-J, --rr-to-disable alias
Remove a RIS service repository to disable.
-k, --cl-to-enable
Clear the list of RIS repositories to enable.
-K, --cl-to-disable
Clear the list of RIS repositories to disable.
services (ls) [options]
List services defined on the system.
-u, --uri
Show also base URI of repositories.
-p, --priority
Show also repository priority.
-d, --details
Show more information like URI, priority, type.
-r, --with-repos
Show also repositories belonging to the services.
-P, --sort-by-priority
Sort the list by repository priority.
-E, --show-enabled-only
Show enabled services only. If used together with --with-repos a disabled services
owning (manually) enabled repositories are shown as well.
-U, --sort-by-uri
Sort the list by URI.
-N, --sort-by-name
Sort the list by name.
refresh-services (refs) [options] alias|name|#|URI...
Refreshing a service means executing the service’s special task.
RIS services add, remove, or modify repositories on your system based on current
content of the repository index. A differing enabled/disabled state caused by manually
calling modify-repo on a service repository however will not be reverted unless the
--restore-status option is used, or the repository index explicitly requests the
change.
Services only manage defined repositories, they do not refresh them. To refresh also
repositories, use --with-repos option or the refresh command.
-f, --force
Force a complete refresh of specified services. This option will cause both the
download of raw metadata and parsing of the metadata to be forced even if
everything indicates a refresh is not needed.
-r, --with-repos
Refresh also the service repositories.
-R, --restore-status
Also restore service repositories enabled/disabled state to the repository index
default. Useful after you manually changed some service repositories enabled
state.
Package Locks Management
Package locks serve the purpose of preventing changes to the set of installed packages on
the system. Locks are stored as queries in /etc/zypp/locks file (see also locks(5)).
Packages matching a query are then forbidden to change their installed status; an
installed package can’t be removed or upgraded, not installed package can’t be installed.
When requesting to install, upgrade or remove such locked package, you will get a
dependency problem dialog.
A lock-spec is formed by "NAME [OP EDITION]", where NAME may also be a glob pattern using
* and ? wildcard characters. Non-package types may to have their kind-string prepended
(e.g. patch:foo or product:baa) or use the commands --type option.
The basic form will lock all editions of the matching items. You can optionally restrict
the lock to match a specific edition or edition range using =, <, <=, >, >= or != followed
by the edition.
Note
If you use blanks around the operator you need to quote the string or escape the
blanks according to the rules of the shell you are using.
locks (ll)
List currently active package locks.
-m, --matches
Show the number of resolvables matched by each lock. This option requires loading
the repositories.
-s, --solvables
List the resolvables matched by each lock. This option requires loading the
repositories.
addlock (al) [options] lock-spec...
Add a package lock. Specify packages to lock as explained above.
-r, --repo alias|name|#|URI
Restrict the lock to the specified repository.
-t, --type type
Lock only packages of specified type (default: package). See section Package Types
for list of available package types.
-m, --comment comment
Add a comment for package lock.
removelock (rl) [options] lock-number|lock-spec...
Remove a package lock. Specify the lock to remove by its number obtained with zypper
locks or by the lock-spec.
-r, --repo alias|name|#|URI
Restrict the lock to the specified repository.
-t, --type type
Restrict the lock to packages of specified type (default: package). See section
Package Types for list of available package types.
cleanlocks (cl)
Remove unused locks.
This command looks for locks that do not currently (with regard to repositories used)
lock any package and for each such lock it asks user whether to remove it.
Locale Management
These commands give information about requested locales and the possibility to manage
those. A locale is defined by a language code. For many packages there are locale
dependent packages available which provide translations or dictionaries. To get these
installed, the locale for the desired language must be marked as requested by the package
manager library.
locales (lloc) [OPTIONS] [LOCALE] ...
List requested locales. Called without argument, lists the locales which are already
marked as requested. Specifying certain locale(s) prints information only for
this(these).
-a, --all
List all available locales.
-p, --packages
Show corresponding packages.
addlocale (aloc) [OPTIONS] <LOCALE> ...
Add specified locale(s) to the list of requested locales..
-n, --no-packages
Do not install corresponding packages.
removelocale (rloc) [OPTIONS] <LOCALE> ...
Remove specified locale(s) from the list of requested locales..
-n, --no-packages
Do not remove corresponding packages.
Examples:
$ zypper locales
List requested locales.
$ zypper locales --packages de en
Get the lists of packages which are available for de and en (exact match).
$ zypper locales en_
Get all locales with lang code en that have their own country code, excluding the
fallback en.
$ zypper locales en*
Get all locales with lang code en with or without country code.
$ zypper aloc --packages de_CH
Request de_CH and install language dependent packages.
Other Commands
versioncmp (vcmp) version1 version2
Compare the versions supplied as arguments and tell whether version1 is older or newer
than version2 or the two version strings match.
The default output is in human-friendly form. If --terse global option is used, the
result is an integer number, negative/positive if version1 is older/newer than
version2, zero if they match.
-m, --match
Takes missing release number as any release.
For example:
$ zypper vcmp -m 0.15.3 0.15.3-2
0.15.3 matches 0.15.3-2
$ zypper vcmp 0.15.3 0.15.3-2
0.15.3 is older than 0.15.3-2
targetos (tos)
Shows the ID string of the target operating system. The string is defined by the
XPath:/product/register/target entry in (current-rootdir)/etc/products.d/baseproduct.
If the baseproduct does not provide this entry, or if no baseproduct is installed at
all, the value is empty if the --terse global option is used.
In not-terse mode the distribution label is shown instead of an empty value, if a
baseproduct is installed.
-l, --label
Show the baseproducts distribution and short label instead.
licenses
Prints a report about licenses and EULA's of installed packages to standard output.
First, a list of all packages and their licenses and/or EULAs is shown. This is
followed by a summary, including the total number of installed packages, the number of
installed packages with EULAs that required a confirmation from the user. Since the
EULAs are not stored on the system and can only be read from repository metadata, the
summary includes also the number of installed packages that have their counterpart in
repositories. The report ends with a list of all licenses uses by the installed
packages.
This command can be useful for companies redistributing a custom distribution (like
appliances) to figure out what licenses they are bound by.
download [OPTIONS]
Download rpms specified on the commandline to a local directory.
Per default packages are downloaded to the libzypp package cache
(/var/cache/zypp/packages; for non-root users $XDG_CACHE_HOME/zypp/packages), but this
can be changed by using the global --pkg-cache-dir option.
Parsable XML-output produced by zypper --xmlout will include a <download-result> node
for each package zypper tried to download. Upon success the location of the downloaded
package is found in the path attribute of the <localfile> subnode (xpath:
download-result/localpath@path):
<download-result>
<solvable>
<kind>package</kind>
<name>zypper</name>
<edition epoch="0" version="1.9.17" release="26.1"/>
<arch>x86_64</arch>
<repository name="repo-oss-update (13.1)" alias="openSUSE:repo-oss-update"/>
</solvable>
<localfile path="/var/cache/zypp/pac.../zypper-1.9.17-26.1.x86_64.rpm"/>
</download-result>
--all-matches
Download all versions matching the commandline arguments. Otherwise only the
best version of each matching package is downloaded.
--dry-run
Don’t download any package, just report what would be done.
-r, --repo alias|name|#|URI
Work only with the repository specified by the alias, name, number or URI. This
option can be used multiple times.
--from alias|name|#|URI
Select packages from the specified repository only. This option can be used
multiple times.
source-download [OPTIONS]
Download source rpms for all installed packages to a local directory.
-d, --directory dir
Download all source rpms to this directory. Default is
/var/cache/zypper/source-download.
--delete
Delete extraneous source rpms in the local directory. This is the default.
--no-delete
Do not delete extraneous source rpms.
--status
Don’t download any source rpms, but show which source rpms are missing or
extraneous.
ps [OPTIONS]
After each upgrade or removal of packages, there may be running processes on the
system which continue to use meanwhile deleted files. zypper ps lists all processes
using deleted files, together with the corresponding files, and a service name hint,
in case it’s a known service. This gives a hint which services may need to be
restarted after an update. Usually programs which continue to use deleted shared
libraries. The list contains the following information:
PID
ID of the process
PPID
ID of the parent process
UID
ID of the user running the process
Login
Login name of the user running the process
Command
Command used to execute the process
Service
Service name, if command is associated with a system service
Files
The list of the deleted files
-s, --short
Create a short table not showing the deleted files. Given twice, show only
processes which are associated with a system service. Given three times, list the
associated system service names only.
--print format
For each associated system service print format on the standard output, followed
by a newline. Any %s directive in format is replaced by the system service name.
-d, --debugFile filename
Output a file with all proc entries that make it into the final set of used open
files. This can be submitted as additional information in a bug report.
Examples:
$ zypper ps -ss
Show only processes associated with a system service.
$ zypper ps -sss
Short for zypper ps --print "%s"; list services which might need a restart.
$ zypper ps --print "systemctl status %s"
Let zypper print the commands to retrieve status information for services
which might need a restart.
needs-rebooting
Checks if the reboot-needed flag was set by a previous update or install of a core
library or service.
The reboot-needed flag is set if a package that provides installhint(reboot-needed) is
updated or installed. Additionally there is a predefined list (/etc/zypp/needreboot)
of well-known packages which cause the reboot-needed flag being set unconditionally.
The exit code ZYPPER_EXIT_INF_REBOOT_NEEDED indicates that a reboot is suggested,
otherwise the exit code is set to ZYPPER_EXIT_OK.
It is recommended for scripts to use this command to test whether a system reboot is
suggested. Use --quiet to suppress the normal output.
Subcommands
subcommand
Lists available subcommands in /usr/lib/zypper/commands and from elsewhere on your
$PATH. See section SUBCOMMANDS for details.
GLOBAL OPTIONS
-h, --help
Help. If a command is specified together with --help option, command specific help is
displayed.
-V, --version
Print zypper version number and exit.
-c, --config file
Use the specified zypper config file instead of the default zypper.conf. Other command
line options specified together with --config and having their counterpart in the
zypper config file are still preferred.
The order of preference with --config is as follows:
1. Command line options
2. --config file
3. [/etc/zypp/zypp.conf] (system-wide defaults for all libzypp based applications)
Note
Use and location of the system-wide /etc/zypp/zypp.conf can not be changed this
way. It’s mentioned here just because some zypper command line options allow one
to overwrite system-wide defaults defined in zypp.conf.
See also FILES section for more information.
-v, --verbose
Increase verbosity. For debugging output specify this option twice.
-q, --quiet
Suppress normal output. Brief (esp. result notification) messages and error messages
will still be printed, though. If used together with conflicting --verbose option, the
--verbose option takes preference.
--color, --no-color
Whether to use colors in output if tty supports it. For details see the [color]
section in zypper.conf.
-A, --no-abbrev
Do not abbreviate text in tables. By default zypper will try to abbreviate texts in
some columns so that the table fits the width of the screen. If you need to see the
whole text, use this option.
-t, --terse
Terse output for machine consumption. Implies --no-abbrev and --no-color.
-s, --table-style integer
Choose among different predefined line drawing character sets to use when drawing a
table. The table style is identified by an integer number. Style 0 is the default,
styles 1-9 use combinations of different box drawing characters whose shape may depend
on the font the terminal is using. Style 10 separates columns by a colon and style 11
draws no lines at all.
-n, --non-interactive
Switches to non-interactive mode. In this mode zypper doesn’t ask user to type answers
to various prompts, but uses default answers automatically. Those default answers also
depend on other options like --no-gpg-checks or --ignore-unknown.
--non-interactive-include-reboot-patches
In non-interactive mode do not skip patches which have the rebootSuggested-flag set.
Otherwise these patches are considered to be interactive, like patches including a
licenses or some message to confirm. NOTE: This option does not turn on
non-interactive mode.
-x, --xmlout
Switches to XML output. This option is useful for scripts or graphical frontends using
zypper.
-i, --ignore-unknown
Ignore unknown packages. This option is useful for scripts, because when installing in
--non-interactive mode zypper expects each command line argument to match at least one
known package. Unknown names or globbing expressions with no match are treated as an
error unless this option is used.
For search and info commands the option makes zypper return ZYPPER_EXIT_OK rather than
ZYPPER_EXIT_INF_CAP_NOT_FOUND if the query did not produce at least one match.
-D, --reposd-dir dir
Use the specified directory to look for the repository definition (.repo) files. The
default value is /etc/zypp/repos.d.
-C, --cache-dir dir
Use an alternative root directory for all caches. The default value is
/var/cache/zypp.
--raw-cache-dir dir
Use the specified directory for storing raw copies of repository metadata files. The
default value is /var/cache/zypp/raw.
--solv-cache-dir dir
Use the specified directory to store the repository metadata cache database files
(solv files). The default value is /var/cache/zypp/solv.
--pkg-cache-dir dir
Use the specified directory for storing rpm packages downloaded from repositories
(see addrepo --keep-packages). The default value is /var/cache/zypp/packages. +
Packages are stored in subdirectories named after the repositories alias and using the
same path as on the repositories medium.
--userdata string
User data is expected to be a simple string without special chars or embedded newlines
and may serve as transaction id. It will be written to all install history log entries
created throughout this specific zypper call. It will also be passed on to zypp
plugins executed during commit. This will enable e.g. a btrfs plugin to tag created
snapshots with this string. For zypper itself this string has no special meaning.
Repository Options:
--no-gpg-checks
Ignore GPG check failures and continue. If a GPG issue occurs when using this option
zypper prints and logs a warning and automatically continues without interrupting the
operation. Use this option with caution, as you can easily overlook security problems
by using it. (see section GPG checks)
--gpg-auto-import-keys
If new repository signing key is found, do not ask what to do; trust and import it
automatically. This option causes that the new key is imported also in non-interactive
mode, where it would otherwise got rejected.
-p, --plus-repo URI
Use an additional repository for this operation. The repository aliased tmp# and named
by the specified URI will be added for this operation and removed at the end. You can
specify this option multiple times.
--plus-content tag
Additionally use disabled repositories denoted by tag for this operation. If tag
matches a repositories alias, name or URL, or is a keyword defined in the repositories
metadata, the repository will be temporarily enabled for this operation. The
repository will then be refreshed and used according to the commands rules. You can
specify this option multiple times.
If a disabled repositories metadata are not available in the local cache, they will be
downloaded to scan for matching keywords. Otherwise the keyword scan will use the
metadata available in the local cache. Only if used together with the refresh command,
a keyword scan will refresh all disabled repositories.
To refresh all disabled repositories metadata:
zypper --plus-content '' ref
To include a disabled repository repo-debug in a search:
zypper --plus-content repo-debug search ...
To search only in a disabled repository repo-debug:
zypper --plus-content repo-debug search -r repo-debug ...
To enable all repos providing the debug keyword:
zypper in --plus-content debug some -debuginfo or -debugsource package
--disable-repositories
Do not read metadata from repositories. This option will prevent loading of packages
from repositories, thus making zypper work only with the installed packages (if
--disable-system-resolvables was not specified).
--no-refresh
Do not auto-refresh repositories (ignore the auto-refresh setting). Useful to save
time when doing operations like search, if there is not a need to have a completely up
to date metadata.
--no-cd
Ignore CD/DVD repositories. When this option is specified, zypper acts as if the
CD/DVD repositories were not defined at all.
--no-remote
Ignore remote repositories like http, ftp, smb and similar. This makes using zypper
easier when being offline. When this option is specified, zypper acts as if the remote
repositories were not defined at all.
--releasever version
For the current command set the value of the $releasever repository variable to
version. This can be used to switch to new distribution repositories when performing a
distribution upgrade. See the dist-upgrade (dup) command and section Repository
Management for more details about using the $releasever repository variable.
To check where you already use $releasever call:
zypper --releasever @--HERE--@ lr -u
Target Options:
-R, --root dir
Operates on a different root directory. This option influences the location of the
repos.d directory and the metadata cache directory and also causes rpm to be run with
the --root option to do the actual installation or removal of packages. See also the
FILES section.
--installroot dir
Behaves like --root but shares the repositories with the host system.
--disable-system-resolvables
This option serves mainly for testing purposes. It will cause zypper to act as if
there were no packages installed in the system. Use with caution as you can damage
your system using this option.
SUBCOMMANDS
Zypper subcommands are inspired by git(1). Subcommands are standalone executables that
live in the zypper_execdir (/usr/lib/zypper/commands). For subcommands zypper provides a
wrapper that knows where the subcommands live, and runs them by passing command options
and arguments to them. If a subcommand is not found in the zypper_execdir, the wrapper
will look in the rest of your $PATH for it. Thus, it’s possible to write local zypper
extensions that don’t live in system space. This can be disabled by setting
"subcommand.seachSubcommandInPath" to "no" in the zypper.conf.
This is how to add your own subcommand zypper mytask:
• The executable must be named zypper-mytask.
• The executable must be located your $PATH.
• A manpage for zypper-mytask should be provided and explaining the commands options and
return values. It will be shown when calling zypper help mytask.
• Zypper built-in commands take precedence over subcommands with the same name.
• It’s fine to call zypper or use libzypp from within your subcommand.
You can use the built-in zypper subcommand command to get a list of all subcommands in
zypper_execdir and from elsewhere on your $PATH.
Using zypper global-options together with subcommands, as well as executing subcommands in
zypper shell is currently not supported.
FILES
/etc/zypp/zypper.conf, $HOME/.zypper.conf
Global (system-wide) and user’s configuration file for zypper. These files are read
when zypper starts up and --config option is not used.
User’s settings are preferred over global settings. Similarly, command line options
override the settings in either of these files. To sum it up, the order of preference
is as follows (from highest to lowest):
1. Command line options
2. $HOME/.zypper.conf
3. /etc/zypp/zypper.conf
4. [/etc/zypp/zypp.conf] (system-wide defaults for all libzypp based applications)
See the comments in /etc/zypp/zypper.conf for a list and description of available
options.
Note
The system-wide /etc/zypp/zypp.conf is mentioned here just because some zypper
command line options allow one to overwrite system-wide defaults defined there.
zypp.conf and zypper.conf have different content and serve different purpose.
/etc/zypp/zypp.conf
ZYpp configuration file affecting all libzypp based applications. See the comments in
the file for description of configurable properties. Many locations of files and
directories listed in this section are configurable via zypp.conf. The location for
this file itself can be redefined only by setting $ZYPP_CONF in the environment.
/etc/zypp/locks
File with package lock definitions. The package lock commands (locks, addlock,
removelock, etc.) should be used to manipulate this file.
This file is used by all ZYpp-based applications.
/etc/zypp/repos.d
Directory containing repository definition (*.repo) files. You can use the Repository
Management commands to manipulate these files, or you can edit them yourself. In
either case, after doing the modifications, executing *zypper refresh* is strongly
recommended.
You can use the --reposd-dir global option to use an alternative directory for this
purpose or the --root option to make this directory relative to the specified root
directory.
This directory is used by all ZYpp-based applications.
/etc/zypp/services.d
Directory containing service definition (*.service) files. You can use the Service
Management Commands to manipulate these files, or you can edit them yourself. Running
*zypper refs* is recommended after modifications have been done.
This directory is used by all ZYpp-based applications.
/usr/lib/zypper/commands
System directory containing zypper extensions (see section SUBCOMMANDS)
/var/cache/zypp/raw
Directory for storing raw metadata contained in repositories. Use the --raw-cache-dir
global option to use an alternative directory for this purpose or the --root option to
make this directory relative to the specified root directory.
This directory is used by all ZYpp-based applications.
/var/cache/zypp/solv
Directory containing preparsed metadata in form of solv files.
This directory is used by all ZYpp-based applications.
/var/cache/zypp/packages
If keeppackages property is set for a repository (see the modifyrepo command), all the
RPM file downloaded during installation will be kept here. Packages are stored in
subdirectories named after their repositories alias. Subdirectories of removed or
otherwise unknown repositories are cleaned automatically. This auto-cleanup can be
prevented by creating a file named .no_auto_prune in the pkg-cache directory. See also
the clean command for cleaning these cache directories.
This directory is used by all ZYpp-based applications.
/var/log/zypper.log
Zypper log file. It should be attached to all bugreports. (see also zypper-log(8)).
/var/log/zypper.solverTestCase
Solver testcase created by using the --debug-solver option.
/var/log/updateTestcase-YYYY-MM-DD-hh-mm-ss
Solver testcase auto created when performing a zypper dup.
/var/log/zypp/history
Installation history log.
~/.zypper_history
Command history for the zypper shell (see the shell command).
/etc/zypp/needreboot
File with a list of packages that will set the reboot-needed flag when installed or
upgraded.
/etc/zypp/needreboot.d
Directory that can be used to define packages that trigger the reboot-needed flag by
adding additional files containing the required package names.
EXIT CODES
There are several exit codes defined for zypper built-in commands for use e.g. within
scripts. These codes are defined in header file src/zypper-main.h found in zypper source
package. Codes below 100 denote an error, codes above 100 provide a specific information,
0 represents a normal successful run. Following is a list of these codes with
descriptions:
0 - ZYPPER_EXIT_OK
Successful run of zypper with no special info.
1 - ZYPPER_EXIT_ERR_BUG
Unexpected situation occurred, probably caused by a bug.
2 - ZYPPER_EXIT_ERR_SYNTAX
zypper was invoked with an invalid command or option, or a bad syntax.
3 - ZYPPER_EXIT_ERR_INVALID_ARGS
Some of provided arguments were invalid. E.g. an invalid URI was provided to the
addrepo command.
4 - ZYPPER_EXIT_ERR_ZYPP
A problem is reported by ZYPP library.
5 - ZYPPER_EXIT_ERR_PRIVILEGES
User invoking zypper has insufficient privileges for specified operation.
6 - ZYPPER_EXIT_NO_REPOS
No repositories are defined.
7 - ZYPPER_EXIT_ZYPP_LOCKED
The ZYPP library is locked, e.g. packagekit is running.
8 - ZYPPER_EXIT_ERR_COMMIT
An error occurred during installation or removal of packages. You may run zypper
verify to repair any dependency problems.
100 - ZYPPER_EXIT_INF_UPDATE_NEEDED
Returned by the patch-check command if there are patches available for installation.
101 - ZYPPER_EXIT_INF_SEC_UPDATE_NEEDED
Returned by the patch-check command if there are security patches available for
installation.
102 - ZYPPER_EXIT_INF_REBOOT_NEEDED
Returned by the needs-rebooting command, if a system reboot is suggested.
Legacy: Returned after the successful installation of a patch which requires reboot of
computer. This legacy behavior is kept, but it’s drawback is that it covers patches
only, no packages. The new needs-rebooting command is the recommended way to test
whether a system reboot is suggested.
103 - ZYPPER_EXIT_INF_RESTART_NEEDED
Returned after a successful installation of a patch which requires restart of the
package manager itself. This means that one of patches to be installed affects the
package manager itself and the command used (e.g. zypper update) needs to be executed
once again to install any remaining patches.
104 - ZYPPER_EXIT_INF_CAP_NOT_FOUND
Returned by the install and the remove command in case any of the arguments does not
match any of the available (or installed) package names or other capabilities. In
search and info commands it indicates that no match was found. See also the
--ignore-unknown global option.
105 - ZYPPER_EXIT_ON_SIGNAL
Returned upon exiting after receiving a SIGINT or SIGTERM.
106 - ZYPPER_EXIT_INF_REPOS_SKIPPED
Some repository had to be disabled temporarily because it failed to refresh. You
should check your repository configuration (e.g. zypper ref -f).
107 - ZYPPER_EXIT_INF_RPM_SCRIPT_FAILED
Installation basically succeeded, but some of the packages %post install scripts
returned an error. These packages were successfully unpacked to disk and are
registered in the rpm database, but due to the failed install script they may not work
as expected. The failed scripts output might reveal what actually went wrong. Any
scripts output is also logged to /var/log/zypp/history.
Zypper subcommands (see section SUBCOMMANDS) may return different codes which should be
described in the commands man page. Call zypper help subcommand to see the subcommands man
page if one is provided.
HOMEPAGE
https://github.com/openSUSE/zypper
AUTHORS
The zypper project was started by Martin Vidner, Jan Kupec, Michael Andres, Duncan
Mac-Vicar Prett, Josef Reidinger and Stanislav Visnovsky. Many people have later
contributed to it.
SEE ALSO
locks(5), zypper-log(8), YaST2(8)