Provided by: passwd_4.17.4-2ubuntu2_amd64 
NAME
newusers - erstellt neue oder aktualisiert vorhandene Benutzerkonten in einem Aufruf
ÜBERSICHT
newusers [options] [file]
BESCHREIBUNG
The newusers command reads a file (or the standard input by default) and uses this information to update
a set of existing users or to create new users. Each line is in the same format as the standard password
file (see passwd(5)) with the exceptions explained below:
pw_Name:pw_Passwort:pw_Benutzerkennung:pw_Gruppenkennung:pw_GECOS:pw_Verzeichnis:pw_Shell
pw_name
Dies ist der Anmeldename des Benutzers.
It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing user (or a user created before by
newusers). In case of an existing user, the user's information will be changed, otherwise a new user
will be created.
pw_passwd
Dieses Feld wird verschlüsselt und als neues verschlüsseltes Passwort benutzt.
pw_uid
Mit diesem Feld wird die Benutzerkennung festgelegt.
If the field is empty, a new (unused) UID will be defined automatically by newusers.
Wenn dieses Feld eine Zahl enthält, wird sie als Benutzerkennung übernommen.
If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of a user created before by
newusers), the UID of the specified user will be used.
Falls die Kennung eines bestehenden Benutzers verändert wird, muss bei den Dateien des Benutzers der
Eigentümer per Hand angepasst werden.
pw_gid
Mit diesem Feld wird die Kennung der primären Gruppe des Benutzers festgelegt.
If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a group created before by newusers), the GID
of this group will be used as the primary group ID for the user.
Wenn dieses Feld eine Zahl enthält, wird sie als Kennung der primären Gruppe des Benutzers verwendet.
Falls keine Gruppe mit dieser Kennung existiert, wird eine neue Gruppe mit dieser Kennung und dem
Namen des Benutzers erstellt.
If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the name of the user and a GID will be
automatically defined by newusers to be used as the primary group ID for the user and as the GID for
the new group.
If this field contains the name of a group which does not exist (and was not created before by
newusers), a new group will be created with the specified name and a GID will be automatically
defined by newusers to be used as the primary group ID for the user and GID for the new group.
pw_gecos
Dieses Feld wird in das GECOS-Feld des Benutzers kopiert.
pw_dir
In diesem Feld wird das persönliche Verzeichnis des Benutzers definiert.
If this field does not specify an existing directory, the specified directory is created, with
ownership set to the user being created or updated and its primary group. Note that newusers does not
create parent directories of the new user's home directory. The newusers command will fail to create
the home directory if the parent directories do not exist, and will send a message to stderr
informing the user of the failure. The newusers command will not halt or return a failure to the
calling shell if it fails to create the home directory, it will continue to process the batch of new
users specified.
If the home directory of an existing user is changed, newusers does not move or copy the content of
the old directory to the new location. This should be done manually.
pw_shell
Mit diesem Feld wird die Shell des Benutzers festgelegt, wobei diese Eingabe nicht überprüft wird.
newusers first tries to create or change all the specified users, and then write these changes to the
user or group databases. If an error occurs (except in the final writes to the databases), no changes are
committed to the databases.
Im ersten Durchlauf werden Benutzer mit einem gesperrten Passwort erstellt und Passwörter von bereits
vorhandenen Benutzern werden nicht verändert. Im zweiten Durchlauf werden die Passwörter mit PAM
aktualisiert. Sofern dabei ein Fehler auftritt, wird dieser angezeigt, die Aktualisierung der übrigen
Passwörter aber fortgesetzt.
Dieser Befehl ist für weitreichende Systeme gedacht, bei denenviele Konten gleichzeitig angelegt werden
müssen.
OPTIONEN
The options which apply to the newusers command are:
--badname
erlaube Namen, die nicht den Standards entsprechen.
-h, --help
zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm.
-r, --system
erstellt ein Systemkonto
System users will be created with no aging information in /etc/shadow, and their numeric identifiers
are chosen in the SYS_UID_MIN-SYS_UID_MAX range, defined in login.defs, instead of UID_MIN-UID_MAX
(and their GID counterparts for the creation of groups).
-R, --root CHROOT_DIR
Apply changes in the CHROOT_DIR directory and use the configuration files from the CHROOT_DIR
directory. Only absolute paths are supported.
WARNUNGEN
Die Eingabedatei muss geschützt werden, da sie unverschlüsselte Passwörter enthält.
KONFIGURATION
The following configuration variables in /etc/login.defs change the behavior of this tool:
GID_MAX (number), GID_MIN (number)
Range of group IDs used for the creation of regular groups by useradd, groupadd, or newusers.
The default value for GID_MIN (resp. GID_MAX) is 1000 (resp. 60000).
HOME_MODE (number)
The mode for new home directories. If not specified, the UMASK is used to create the mode.
useradd and newusers use this to set the mode of the home directory they create.
MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP (number)
Maximum members per group entry. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in
/etc/group (with the same name, same password, and same GID).
The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group.
This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file. This is useful to
make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters.
If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25.
Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite). You should not
use this variable unless you really need it.
PASS_MAX_DAYS (number)
The maximum number of days a password may be used. If the password is older than this, a password
change will be forced. If not specified, -1 will be assumed (which disables the restriction).
PASS_MIN_DAYS (number)
The minimum number of days allowed between password changes. Any password changes attempted sooner
than this will be rejected. If not specified, 0 will be assumed (which disables the restriction).
PASS_WARN_AGE (number)
The number of days warning given before a password expires. A zero means warning is given only upon
the day of expiration, a value of -1 means no warning is given. If not specified, no warning will be
provided.
SUB_GID_MIN (number), SUB_GID_MAX (number), SUB_GID_COUNT (number)
If /etc/subuid exists, the commands useradd and newusers (unless the user already have subordinate
group IDs) allocate SUB_GID_COUNT unused group IDs from the range SUB_GID_MIN to SUB_GID_MAX for each
new user.
The default values for SUB_GID_MIN, SUB_GID_MAX, SUB_GID_COUNT are respectively 100000, 600100000 and
65536.
SUB_UID_MIN (number), SUB_UID_MAX (number), SUB_UID_COUNT (number)
If /etc/subuid exists, the commands useradd and newusers (unless the user already have subordinate
user IDs) allocate SUB_UID_COUNT unused user IDs from the range SUB_UID_MIN to SUB_UID_MAX for each
new user.
The default values for SUB_UID_MIN, SUB_UID_MAX, SUB_UID_COUNT are respectively 100000, 600100000 and
65536.
SYS_GID_MAX (number), SYS_GID_MIN (number)
Range of group IDs used for the creation of system groups by useradd, groupadd, or newusers.
The default value for SYS_GID_MIN (resp. SYS_GID_MAX) is 101 (resp. GID_MIN-1).
SYS_UID_MAX (number), SYS_UID_MIN (number)
Range of user IDs used for the creation of system users by useradd or newusers.
The default value for SYS_UID_MIN (resp. SYS_UID_MAX) is 101 (resp. UID_MIN-1).
UID_MAX (number), UID_MIN (number)
Range of user IDs used for the creation of regular users by useradd or newusers.
The default value for UID_MIN (resp. UID_MAX) is 1000 (resp. 60000).
UMASK (number)
The file mode creation mask is initialized to this value. If not specified, the mask will be
initialized to 022.
useradd and newusers use this mask to set the mode of the home directory they create if HOME_MODE is
not set.
It is also used by pam_umask as the default umask value.
DATEIEN
/etc/passwd
Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
/etc/shadow
geschützte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
/etc/group
Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten
/etc/gshadow
geschützte Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten
/etc/login.defs
konfiguriert die Shadow-Hilfsprogramme.
/etc/pam.d/newusers
PAM configuration for newusers.
/etc/subgid
enthält untergeordnete Gruppenkennungen der einzelnen Benutzer.
/etc/subuid
enthält untergeordnete Benutzerkennungen der einzelnen Benutzer.
SIEHE AUCH
login.defs(5), passwd(1), subgid(5), subuid(5), useradd(8).
shadow-utils 4.17.4 06.09.2025 NEWUSERS(8)