Provided by: git-man_2.51.0-1ubuntu1_all 
NAME
git-fast-export - Git data exporter
SYNOPSIS
git fast-export [<options>] | git fast-import
DESCRIPTION
This program dumps the given revisions in a form suitable to be piped into git fast-import.
You can use it as a human-readable bundle replacement (see git-bundle(1)), or as a format that can be
edited before being fed to git fast-import in order to do history rewrites (an ability relied on by tools
like git filter-repo).
OPTIONS
--progress=<n>
Insert progress statements every <n> objects, to be shown by git fast-import during import.
--signed-tags=(verbatim|warn-verbatim|warn-strip|strip|abort)
Specify how to handle signed tags. Since any transformation after the export (or during the export,
such as excluding revisions) can change the hashes being signed, the signatures may become invalid.
When asking to abort (which is the default), this program will die when encountering a signed tag.
With strip, the tags will silently be made unsigned, with warn-strip they will be made unsigned but a
warning will be displayed, with verbatim, they will be silently exported and with warn-verbatim (or
warn, a deprecated synonym), they will be exported, but you will see a warning. verbatim and
warn-verbatim should only be used if you know that no transformation affecting tags or any commit in
their history will be performed by you or by fast-export or fast-import, or if you do not care that
the resulting tag will have an invalid signature.
--signed-commits=(verbatim|warn-verbatim|warn-strip|strip|abort)
Specify how to handle signed commits. Behaves exactly as --signed-tags, but for commits. Default is
strip, which is the same as how earlier versions of this command without this option behaved.
When exported, a signature starts with:
gpgsig <git-hash-algo> <signature-format>
where <git-hash-algo> is the Git object hash so either "sha1" or "sha256", and <signature-format> is
the signature type, so "openpgp", "x509", "ssh" or "unknown".
For example, an OpenPGP signature on a SHA-1 commit starts with gpgsig sha1 openpgp, while an SSH
signature on a SHA-256 commit starts with gpgsig sha256 ssh.
While all the signatures of a commit are exported, an importer may choose to accept only some of
them. For example git-fast-import(1) currently stores at most one signature per Git hash algorithm in
each commit.
Note
This is highly experimental and the format of the data stream may change in the future without
compatibility guarantees.
--tag-of-filtered-object=(abort|drop|rewrite)
Specify how to handle tags whose tagged object is filtered out. Since revisions and files to export
can be limited by path, tagged objects may be filtered completely.
When asking to abort (which is the default), this program will die when encountering such a tag. With
drop it will omit such tags from the output. With rewrite, if the tagged object is a commit, it will
rewrite the tag to tag an ancestor commit (via parent rewriting; see git-rev-list(1)).
-M, -C
Perform move and/or copy detection, as described in the git-diff(1) manual page, and use it to
generate rename and copy commands in the output dump.
Note that earlier versions of this command did not complain and produced incorrect results if you
gave these options.
--export-marks=<file>
Dumps the internal marks table to <file> when complete. Marks are written one per line as :markid
SHA-1. Only marks for revisions are dumped; marks for blobs are ignored. Backends can use this file
to validate imports after they have been completed, or to save the marks table across incremental
runs. As <file> is only opened and truncated at completion, the same path can also be safely given to
--import-marks. The file will not be written if no new object has been marked/exported.
--import-marks=<file>
Before processing any input, load the marks specified in <file>. The input file must exist, must be
readable, and must use the same format as produced by --export-marks.
--mark-tags
In addition to labelling blobs and commits with mark ids, also label tags. This is useful in
conjunction with --export-marks and --import-marks, and is also useful (and necessary) for exporting
of nested tags. It does not hurt other cases and would be the default, but many fast-import frontends
are not prepared to accept tags with mark identifiers.
Any commits (or tags) that have already been marked will not be exported again. If the backend uses a
similar --import-marks file, this allows for incremental bidirectional exporting of the repository by
keeping the marks the same across runs.
--fake-missing-tagger
Some old repositories have tags without a tagger. The fast-import protocol was pretty strict about
that, and did not allow that. So fake a tagger to be able to fast-import the output.
--use-done-feature
Start the stream with a feature done stanza, and terminate it with a done command.
--no-data
Skip output of blob objects and instead refer to blobs via their original SHA-1 hash. This is useful
when rewriting the directory structure or history of a repository without touching the contents of
individual files. Note that the resulting stream can only be used by a repository which already
contains the necessary objects.
--full-tree
This option will cause fast-export to issue a "deleteall" directive for each commit followed by a
full list of all files in the commit (as opposed to just listing the files which are different from
the commit’s first parent).
--anonymize
Anonymize the contents of the repository while still retaining the shape of the history and stored
tree. See the section on ANONYMIZING below.
--anonymize-map=<from>[:<to>]
Convert token <from> to <to> in the anonymized output. If <to> is omitted, map <from> to itself
(i.e., do not anonymize it). See the section on ANONYMIZING below.
--reference-excluded-parents
By default, running a command such as git fast-export master~5..master will not include the commit
master~5 and will make master~4 no longer have master~5 as a parent (though both the old master~4 and
new master~4 will have all the same files). Use --reference-excluded-parents to instead have the
stream refer to commits in the excluded range of history by their sha1sum. Note that the resulting
stream can only be used by a repository which already contains the necessary parent commits.
--show-original-ids
Add an extra directive to the output for commits and blobs, original-oid <SHA1SUM>. While such
directives will likely be ignored by importers such as git-fast-import, it may be useful for
intermediary filters (e.g. for rewriting commit messages which refer to older commits, or for
stripping blobs by id).
--reencode=(yes|no|abort)
Specify how to handle encoding header in commit objects. When asking to abort (which is the default),
this program will die when encountering such a commit object. With yes, the commit message will be
re-encoded into UTF-8. With no, the original encoding will be preserved.
--refspec
Apply the specified refspec to each ref exported. Multiple of them can be specified.
[<git-rev-list-args>...]
A list of arguments, acceptable to git rev-parse and git rev-list, that specifies the specific
objects and references to export. For example, master~10..master causes the current master reference
to be exported along with all objects added since its 10th ancestor commit and (unless the
--reference-excluded-parents option is specified) all files common to master~9 and master~10.
EXAMPLES
$ git fast-export --all | (cd /empty/repository && git fast-import)
This will export the whole repository and import it into the existing empty repository. Except for
reencoding commits that are not in UTF-8, it would be a one-to-one mirror.
$ git fast-export master~5..master |
sed "s|refs/heads/master|refs/heads/other|" |
git fast-import
This makes a new branch called other from master~5..master (i.e. if master has linear history, it will
take the last 5 commits).
Note that this assumes that none of the blobs and commit messages referenced by that revision range
contains the string refs/heads/master.
ANONYMIZING
If the --anonymize option is given, git will attempt to remove all identifying information from the
repository while still retaining enough of the original tree and history patterns to reproduce some bugs.
The goal is that a git bug which is found on a private repository will persist in the anonymized
repository, and the latter can be shared with git developers to help solve the bug.
With this option, git will replace all refnames, paths, blob contents, commit and tag messages, names,
and email addresses in the output with anonymized data. Two instances of the same string will be replaced
equivalently (e.g., two commits with the same author will have the same anonymized author in the output,
but bear no resemblance to the original author string). The relationship between commits, branches, and
tags is retained, as well as the commit timestamps (but the commit messages and refnames bear no
resemblance to the originals). The relative makeup of the tree is retained (e.g., if you have a root tree
with 10 files and 3 trees, so will the output), but their names and the contents of the files will be
replaced.
If you think you have found a git bug, you can start by exporting an anonymized stream of the whole
repository:
$ git fast-export --anonymize --all >anon-stream
Then confirm that the bug persists in a repository created from that stream (many bugs will not, as they
really do depend on the exact repository contents):
$ git init anon-repo
$ cd anon-repo
$ git fast-import <../anon-stream
$ ... test your bug ...
If the anonymized repository shows the bug, it may be worth sharing anon-stream along with a regular bug
report. Note that the anonymized stream compresses very well, so gzipping it is encouraged. If you want
to examine the stream to see that it does not contain any private data, you can peruse it directly before
sending. You may also want to try:
$ perl -pe 's/\d+/X/g' <anon-stream | sort -u | less
which shows all of the unique lines (with numbers converted to "X", to collapse "User 0", "User 1", etc
into "User X"). This produces a much smaller output, and it is usually easy to quickly confirm that there
is no private data in the stream.
Reproducing some bugs may require referencing particular commits or paths, which becomes challenging
after refnames and paths have been anonymized. You can ask for a particular token to be left as-is or
mapped to a new value. For example, if you have a bug which reproduces with git rev-list sensitive --
secret.c, you can run:
$ git fast-export --anonymize --all \
--anonymize-map=sensitive:foo \
--anonymize-map=secret.c:bar.c \
>stream
After importing the stream, you can then run git rev-list foo -- bar.c in the anonymized repository.
Note that paths and refnames are split into tokens at slash boundaries. The command above would anonymize
subdir/secret.c as something like path123/bar.c; you could then search for bar.c in the anonymized
repository to determine the final pathname.
To make referencing the final pathname simpler, you can map each path component; so if you also anonymize
subdir to publicdir, then the final pathname would be publicdir/bar.c.
LIMITATIONS
Since git fast-import cannot tag trees, you will not be able to export the linux.git repository
completely, as it contains a tag referencing a tree instead of a commit.
SEE ALSO
git-fast-import(1)
GIT
Part of the git(1) suite
Git 2.51.0 08/28/2025 GIT-FAST-EXPORT(1)