Provided by: zsh-common_5.9-8ubuntu2_all 
NAME
zshzftpsys - zftp function front-end
DESCRIPTION
This describes the set of shell functions supplied with the source distribution as an interface to the
zftp builtin command, allowing you to perform FTP operations from the shell command line or within
functions or scripts. The interface is similar to a traditional FTP client (e.g. the ftp command itself,
see ftp(1)), but as it is entirely done within the shell all the familiar completion, editing and
globbing features, and so on, are present, and macros are particularly simple to write as they are just
ordinary shell functions.
The prerequisite is that the zftp command, as described in zshmodules(1) , must be available in the
version of zsh installed at your site. If the shell is configured to load new commands at run time, it
probably is: typing `zmodload zsh/zftp' will make sure (if that runs silently, it has worked). If this
is not the case, it is possible zftp was linked into the shell anyway: to test this, type `which zftp'
and if zftp is available you will get the message `zftp: shell built-in command'.
Commands given directly with zftp builtin may be interspersed between the functions in this suite; in a
few cases, using zftp directly may cause some of the status information stored in shell parameters to
become invalid. Note in particular the description of the variables $ZFTP_TMOUT, $ZFTP_PREFS and
$ZFTP_VERBOSE for zftp.
INSTALLATION
You should make sure all the functions from the Functions/Zftp directory of the source distribution are
available; they all begin with the two letters `zf'. They may already have been installed on your
system; otherwise, you will need to find them and copy them. The directory should appear as one of the
elements of the $fpath array (this should already be the case if they were installed), and at least the
function zfinit should be autoloaded; it will autoload the rest. Finally, to initialize the use of the
system you need to call the zfinit function. The following code in your .zshrc will arrange for this;
assume the functions are stored in the directory ~/myfns:
fpath=(~/myfns $fpath)
autoload -U zfinit
zfinit
Note that zfinit assumes you are using the zmodload method to load the zftp command. If it is already
built into the shell, change zfinit to zfinit -n. It is helpful (though not essential) if the call to
zfinit appears after any code to initialize the new completion system, else unnecessary compctl commands
will be given.
FUNCTIONS
The sequence of operations in performing a file transfer is essentially the same as that in a standard
FTP client. Note that, due to a quirk of the shell's getopts builtin, for those functions that handle
options you must use `--' rather than `-' to ensure the remaining arguments are treated literally (a
single `-' is treated as an argument).
Opening a connection
zfparams [ host [ user [ password ... ] ] ]
Set or show the parameters for a future zfopen with no arguments. If no arguments are given, the
current parameters are displayed (the password will be shown as a line of asterisks). If a host
is given, and either the user or password is not, they will be prompted for; also, any parameter
given as `?' will be prompted for, and if the `?' is followed by a string, that will be used as
the prompt. As zfopen calls zfparams to store the parameters, this usually need not be called
directly.
A single argument `-' will delete the stored parameters. This will also cause the memory of the
last directory (and so on) on the other host to be deleted.
zfopen [ -1 ] [ host [ user [ password [ account ] ] ] ]
If host is present, open a connection to that host under username user with password password
(and, on the rare occasions when it is necessary, account account). If a necessary parameter is
missing or given as `?' it will be prompted for. If host is not present, use a previously stored
set of parameters.
If the command was successful, and the terminal is compatible with xterm or is sun-cmd, a summary
will appear in the title bar, giving the local host:directory and the remote host:directory; this
is handled by the function zftp_chpwd, described below.
Normally, the host, user and password are internally recorded for later re-opening, either by a
zfopen with no arguments, or automatically (see below). With the option `-1', no information is
stored. Also, if an open command with arguments failed, the parameters will not be retained (and
any previous parameters will also be deleted). A zfopen on its own, or a zfopen -1, never alters
the stored parameters.
Both zfopen and zfanon (but not zfparams) understand URLs of the form ftp://host/path... as
meaning to connect to the host, then change directory to path (which must be a directory, not a
file). The `ftp://' can be omitted; the trailing `/' is enough to trigger recognition of the
path. Note prefixes other than `ftp:' are not recognized, and that all characters after the first
slash beyond host are significant in path.
zfanon [ -1 ] host
Open a connection host for anonymous FTP. The username used is `anonymous'. The password (which
will be reported the first time) is generated as user@host; this is then stored in the shell
parameter $EMAIL_ADDR which can alternatively be set manually to a suitable string.
Directory management
zfcd [ dir ]
zfcd -
zfcd old new
Change the current directory on the remote server: this is implemented to have many of the
features of the shell builtin cd.
In the first form with dir present, change to the directory dir. The command `zfcd ..' is treated
specially, so is guaranteed to work on non-UNIX servers (note this is handled internally by zftp).
If dir is omitted, has the effect of `zfcd ~'.
The second form changes to the directory previously current.
The third form attempts to change the current directory by replacing the first occurrence of the
string old with the string new in the current directory.
Note that in this command, and indeed anywhere a remote filename is expected, the string which on
the local host corresponds to `~' is converted back to a `~' before being passed to the remote
machine. This is convenient because of the way expansion is performed on the command line before
zfcd receives a string. For example, suppose the command is `zfcd ~/foo'. The shell will expand
this to a full path such as `zfcd /home/user2/pws/foo'. At this stage, zfcd recognises the
initial path as corresponding to `~' and will send the directory to the remote host as ~/foo, so
that the `~' will be expanded by the server to the correct remote host directory. Other named
directories of the form `~name' are not treated in this fashion.
zfhere Change directory on the remote server to the one corresponding to the current local directory,
with special handling of `~' as in zfcd. For example, if the current local directory is
~/foo/bar, then zfhere performs the effect of `zfcd ~/foo/bar'.
zfdir [ -rfd ] [ - ] [ dir-options ] [ dir ]
Produce a long directory listing. The arguments dir-options and dir are passed directly to the
server and their effect is implementation dependent, but specifying a particular remote directory
dir is usually possible. The output is passed through a pager given by the environment variable
$PAGER, or `more' if that is not set.
The directory is usually cached for re-use. In fact, two caches are maintained. One is for use
when there is no dir-options or dir, i.e. a full listing of the current remote directory; it is
flushed when the current remote directory changes. The other is kept for repeated use of zfdir
with the same arguments; for example, repeated use of `zfdir /pub/gnu' will only require the
directory to be retrieved on the first call. Alternatively, this cache can be re-viewed with the
-r option. As relative directories will confuse zfdir, the -f option can be used to force the
cache to be flushed before the directory is listed. The option -d will delete both caches without
showing a directory listing; it will also delete the cache of file names in the current remote
directory, if any.
zfls [ ls-options ] [ dir ]
List files on the remote server. With no arguments, this will produce a simple list of file names
for the current remote directory. Any arguments are passed directly to the server. No pager and
no caching is used.
Status commands
zftype [ type ]
With no arguments, show the type of data to be transferred, usually ASCII or binary. With an
argument, change the type: the types `A' or `ASCII' for ASCII data and `B' or `BINARY', `I' or
`IMAGE' for binary data are understood case-insensitively.
zfstat [ -v ]
Show the status of the current or last connection, as well as the status of some of zftp's status
variables. With the -v option, a more verbose listing is produced by querying the server for its
version of events, too.
Retrieving files
The commands for retrieving files all take at least two options. -G suppresses remote filename expansion
which would otherwise be performed (see below for a more detailed description of that). -t attempts to
set the modification time of the local file to that of the remote file: see the description of the
function zfrtime below for more information.
zfget [ -Gtc ] file1 ...
Retrieve all the listed files file1 ... one at a time from the remote server. If a file contains
a `/', the full name is passed to the remote server, but the file is stored locally under the name
given by the part after the final `/'. The option -c (cat) forces all files to be sent as a
single stream to standard output; in this case the -t option has no effect.
zfuget [ -Gvst ] file1 ...
As zfget, but only retrieve files where the version on the remote server is newer (has a later
modification time), or where the local file does not exist. If the remote file is older but the
files have different sizes, or if the sizes are the same but the remote file is newer, the user
will usually be queried. With the option -s, the command runs silently and will always retrieve
the file in either of those two cases. With the option -v, the command prints more information
about the files while it is working out whether or not to transfer them.
zfcget [ -Gt ] file1 ...
As zfget, but if any of the local files exists, and is shorter than the corresponding remote file,
the command assumes that it is the result of a partially completed transfer and attempts to
transfer the rest of the file. This is useful on a poor connection which keeps failing.
Note that this requires a commonly implemented, but non-standard, version of the FTP protocol, so
is not guaranteed to work on all servers.
zfgcp [ -Gt ] remote-file local-file
zfgcp [ -Gt ] rfile1 ... ldir
This retrieves files from the remote server with arguments behaving similarly to the cp command.
In the first form, copy remote-file from the server to the local file local-file.
In the second form, copy all the remote files rfile1 ... into the local directory ldir retaining
the same basenames. This assumes UNIX directory semantics.
Sending files
zfput [ -r ] file1 ...
Send all the file1 ... given separately to the remote server. If a filename contains a `/', the
full filename is used locally to find the file, but only the basename is used for the remote file
name.
With the option -r, if any of the files are directories they are sent recursively with all their
subdirectories, including files beginning with `.'. This requires that the remote machine
understand UNIX file semantics, since `/' is used as a directory separator.
zfuput [ -vs ] file1 ...
As zfput, but only send files which are newer than their remote equivalents, or if the remote file
does not exist. The logic is the same as for zfuget, but reversed between local and remote files.
zfcput file1 ...
As zfput, but if any remote file already exists and is shorter than the local equivalent, assume
it is the result of an incomplete transfer and send the rest of the file to append to the existing
part. As the FTP append command is part of the standard set, this is in principle more likely to
work than zfcget.
zfpcp local-file remote-file
zfpcp lfile1 ... rdir
This sends files to the remote server with arguments behaving similarly to the cp command.
With two arguments, copy local-file to the server as remote-file.
With more than two arguments, copy all the local files lfile1 ... into the existing remote
directory rdir retaining the same basenames. This assumes UNIX directory semantics.
A problem arises if you attempt to use zfpcp lfile1 rdir, i.e. the second form of copying but with
two arguments, as the command has no simple way of knowing if rdir corresponds to a directory or a
filename. It attempts to resolve this in various ways. First, if the rdir argument is `.' or
`..' or ends in a slash, it is assumed to be a directory. Secondly, if the operation of copying
to a remote file in the first form failed, and the remote server sends back the expected failure
code 553 and a reply including the string `Is a directory', then zfpcp will retry using the second
form.
Closing the connection
zfclose
Close the connection.
Session management
zfsession [ -lvod ] [ sessname ]
Allows you to manage multiple FTP sessions at once. By default, connections take place in a
session called `default'; by giving the command `zfsession sessname' you can change to a new or
existing session with a name of your choice. The new session remembers its own connection, as
well as associated shell parameters, and also the host/user parameters set by zfparams. Hence you
can have different sessions set up to connect to different hosts, each remembering the appropriate
host, user and password.
With no arguments, zfsession prints the name of the current session; with the option -l it lists
all sessions which currently exist, and with the option -v it gives a verbose list showing the
host and directory for each session, where the current session is marked with an asterisk. With
-o, it will switch to the most recent previous session.
With -d, the given session (or else the current one) is removed; everything to do with it is
completely forgotten. If it was the only session, a new session called `default' is created and
made current. It is safest not to delete sessions while background commands using zftp are
active.
zftransfer sess1:file1 sess2:file2
Transfer files between two sessions; no local copy is made. The file is read from the session
sess1 as file1 and written to session sess2 as file file2; file1 and file2 may be relative to the
current directories of the session. Either sess1 or sess2 may be omitted (though the colon should
be retained if there is a possibility of a colon appearing in the file name) and defaults to the
current session; file2 may be omitted or may end with a slash, in which case the basename of file1
will be added. The sessions sess1 and sess2 must be distinct.
The operation is performed using pipes, so it is required that the connections still be valid in a
subshell, which is not the case under versions of some operating systems, presumably due to a
system bug.
Bookmarks
The two functions zfmark and zfgoto allow you to `bookmark' the present location (host, user and
directory) of the current FTP connection for later use. The file to be used for storing and retrieving
bookmarks is given by the parameter $ZFTP_BMFILE; if not set when one of the two functions is called, it
will be set to the file .zfbkmarks in the directory where your zsh startup files live (usually ~).
zfmark [ bookmark ]
If given an argument, mark the current host, user and directory under the name bookmark for later
use by zfgoto. If there is no connection open, use the values for the last connection immediately
before it was closed; it is an error if there was none. Any existing bookmark under the same name
will be silently replaced.
If not given an argument, list the existing bookmarks and the points to which they refer in the
form user@host:directory; this is the format in which they are stored, and the file may be edited
directly.
zfgoto [ -n ] bookmark
Return to the location given by bookmark, as previously set by zfmark. If the location has user
`ftp' or `anonymous', open the connection with zfanon, so that no password is required. If the
user and host parameters match those stored for the current session, if any, those will be used,
and again no password is required. Otherwise a password will be prompted for.
With the option -n, the bookmark is taken to be a nickname stored by the ncftp program in its
bookmark file, which is assumed to be ~/.ncftp/bookmarks. The function works identically in other
ways. Note that there is no mechanism for adding or modifying ncftp bookmarks from the zftp
functions.
Other functions
Mostly, these functions will not be called directly (apart from zfinit), but are described here for
completeness. You may wish to alter zftp_chpwd and zftp_progress, in particular.
zfinit [ -n ]
As described above, this is used to initialize the zftp function system. The -n option should be
used if the zftp command is already built into the shell.
zfautocheck [ -dn ]
This function is called to implement automatic reopening behaviour, as described in more detail
below. The options must appear in the first argument; -n prevents the command from changing to
the old directory, while -d prevents it from setting the variable do_close, which it otherwise
does as a flag for automatically closing the connection after a transfer. The host and directory
for the last session are stored in the variable $zflastsession, but the internal
host/user/password parameters must also be correctly set.
zfcd_match prefix suffix
This performs matching for completion of remote directory names. If the remote server is UNIX, it
will attempt to persuade the server to list the remote directory with subdirectories marked, which
usually works but is not guaranteed. On other hosts it simply calls zfget_match and hence
completes all files, not just directories. On some systems, directories may not even look like
filenames.
zfget_match prefix suffix
This performs matching for completion of remote filenames. It caches files for the current
directory (only) in the shell parameter $zftp_fcache. It is in the form to be called by the -K
option of compctl, but also works when called from a widget-style completion function with prefix
and suffix set appropriately.
zfrglob varname
Perform remote globbing, as describes in more detail below. varname is the name of a variable
containing the pattern to be expanded; if there were any matches, the same variable will be set to
the expanded set of filenames on return.
zfrtime lfile rfile [ time ]
Set the local file lfile to have the same modification time as the remote file rfile, or the
explicit time time in FTP format CCYYMMDDhhmmSS for the GMT timezone. This uses the shell's
zsh/datetime module to perform the conversion from GMT to local time.
zftp_chpwd
This function is called every time a connection is opened, or closed, or the remote directory
changes. This version alters the title bar of an xterm-compatible or sun-cmd terminal emulator to
reflect the local and remote hostnames and current directories. It works best when combined with
the function chpwd. In particular, a function of the form
chpwd() {
if [[ -n $ZFTP_USER ]]; then
zftp_chpwd
else
# usual chpwd e.g put host:directory in title bar
fi
}
fits in well.
zftp_progress
This function shows the status of the transfer. It will not write anything unless the output is
going to a terminal; however, if you transfer files in the background, you should turn off
progress reports by hand using `zstyle ':zftp:*' progress none'. Note also that if you alter it,
any output must be to standard error, as standard output may be a file being received. The form
of the progress meter, or whether it is used at all, can be configured without altering the
function, as described in the next section.
zffcache
This is used to implement caching of files in the current directory for each session separately.
It is used by zfget_match and zfrglob.
MISCELLANEOUS FEATURES
Configuration
Various styles are available using the standard shell style mechanism, described in zshmodules(1).
Briefly, the command `zstyle ':zftp:*' style value ...'. defines the style to have value value; more
than one value may be given, although that is not useful in the cases described here. These values will
then be used throughout the zftp function system. For more precise control, the first argument, which
gives a pattern that matches contexts in which the style applies, can be modified to include a particular
function, as for example `:zftp:zfget': the style will then have the given value only in the zfget
function, and will override styles set under `:zftp:*'. Note that only the top level function name, as
called by the user, is used; calling of lower level functions is transparent to the user. Hence
modifications to the title bar in zftp_chpwd use the contexts :zftp:zfopen, :zftp:zfcd, etc., depending
where it was called from. The following styles are understood:
progress
Controls the way that zftp_progress reports on the progress of a transfer. If empty, unset, or
`none', no progress report is made; if `bar' a growing bar of inverse video is shown; if `percent'
(or any other string, though this may change in future), the percentage of the file transferred is
shown. The bar meter requires that the width of the terminal be available via the $COLUMNS
parameter (normally this is set automatically). If the size of the file being transferred is not
available, bar and percent meters will simply show the number of bytes transferred so far.
When zfinit is run, if this style is not defined for the context :zftp:*, it will be set to `bar'.
update Specifies the minimum time interval between updates of the progress meter in seconds. No update
is made unless new data has been received, so the actual time interval is limited only by
$ZFTP_TIMEOUT.
As described for progress, zfinit will force this to default to 1.
remote-glob
If set to `1', `yes' or `true', filename generation (globbing) is performed on the remote machine
instead of by zsh itself; see below.
titlebar
If set to `1', `yes' or `true', zftp_chpwd will put the remote host and remote directory into the
titlebar of terminal emulators such as xterm or sun-cmd that allow this.
As described for progress, zfinit will force this to default to 1.
chpwd If set to `1' `yes' or `true', zftp_chpwd will call the function chpwd when a connection is
closed. This is useful if the remote host details were put into the terminal title bar by
zftp_chpwd and your usual chpwd also modifies the title bar.
When zfinit is run, it will determine whether chpwd exists and if so it will set the default value
for the style to 1 if none exists already.
Note that there is also an associative array zfconfig which contains values used by the function system.
This should not be modified or overwritten.
Remote globbing
The commands for retrieving files usually perform filename generation (globbing) on their arguments; this
can be turned off by passing the option -G to each of the commands. Normally this operates by retrieving
a complete list of files for the directory in question, then matching these locally against the pattern
supplied. This has the advantage that the full range of zsh patterns (respecting the setting of the
option EXTENDED_GLOB) can be used. However, it means that the directory part of a filename will not be
expanded and must be given exactly. If the remote server does not support the UNIX directory semantics,
directory handling is problematic and it is recommended that globbing only be used within the current
directory. The list of files in the current directory, if retrieved, will be cached, so that subsequent
globs in the same directory without an intervening zfcd are much faster.
If the remote-glob style (see above) is set, globbing is instead performed on the remote host: the server
is asked for a list of matching files. This is highly dependent on how the server is implemented, though
typically UNIX servers will provide support for basic glob patterns. This may in some cases be faster,
as it avoids retrieving the entire list of directory contents.
Automatic and temporary reopening
As described for the zfopen command, a subsequent zfopen with no parameters will reopen the connection to
the last host (this includes connections made with the zfanon command). Opened in this fashion, the
connection starts in the default remote directory and will remain open until explicitly closed.
Automatic re-opening is also available. If a connection is not currently open and a command requiring a
connection is given, the last connection is implicitly reopened. In this case the directory which was
current when the connection was closed again becomes the current directory (unless, of course, the
command given changes it). Automatic reopening will also take place if the connection was close by the
remote server for whatever reason (e.g. a timeout). It is not available if the -1 option to zfopen or
zfanon was used.
Furthermore, if the command issued is a file transfer, the connection will be closed after the transfer
is finished, hence providing a one-shot mode for transfers. This does not apply to directory changing or
listing commands; for example a zfdir may reopen a connection but will leave it open. Also, automatic
closure will only ever happen in the same command as automatic opening, i.e a zfdir directly followed by
a zfget will never close the connection automatically.
Information about the previous connection is given by the zfstat function. So, for example, if that
reports:
Session: default
Not connected.
Last session: ftp.bar.com:/pub/textfiles
then the command zfget file.txt will attempt to reopen a connection to ftp.bar.com, retrieve the file
/pub/textfiles/file.txt, and immediately close the connection again. On the other hand, zfcd .. will
open the connection in the directory /pub and leave it open.
Note that all the above is local to each session; if you return to a previous session, the connection for
that session is the one which will be reopened.
Completion
Completion of local and remote files, directories, sessions and bookmarks is supported. The older,
compctl-style completion is defined when zfinit is called; support for the new widget-based completion
system is provided in the function Completion/Zsh/Command/_zftp, which should be installed with the other
functions of the completion system and hence should automatically be available.
zsh 5.9 May 14, 2022 ZSHZFTPSYS(1)