Ubuntu Manpage: vdirsyncer - vdirsyncer Documentation

NAME

       vdirsyncer - vdirsyncer Documentation

       • Documentation <https://vdirsyncer.pimutils.org/en/stable/>

       • Source code <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer>

       Vdirsyncer  is  a  command-line  tool  for  synchronizing calendars and addressbooks between a variety of
       servers and the local filesystem. The most popular usecase is to synchronize a server with a local folder
       and use a set of other programs <> to  change  the  local  events  and  contacts.   Vdirsyncer  can  then
       synchronize those changes back to the server.

       However,  vdirsyncer  is not limited to synchronizing between clients and servers. It can also be used to
       synchronize calendars and/or addressbooks between two servers directly.

       It aims to be for calendars and contacts what OfflineIMAP <http://offlineimap.org/> is for emails.

WHEN DO I NEED VDIRSYNCER?

Why not Dropbox + todo.txt?
Projects like todo.txt <http://todotxt.com/> criticize the complexity of modern productivity apps, and
that rightfully. So they set out to create a new, super-simple, human-readable format, such that vim
suffices for viewing the raw data. However, when they're faced with the question how to synchronize that
data across multiple devices, they seemed to have reached the dead end with their novel idea: "Let's just
use Dropbox".

What does file sync software do if both files have changed since the last sync? The answer is to ignore
the question, just sync as often as possible, and hope for the best. Because if it comes to a sync
conflict, most sync services are not daring to merge files, and create two copies on each computer
instead. Merging the two task lists is left to the user.

A better idea would've been to use git to synchronize the todo.txt file, which is at least able to
resolve some basic conflicts.

Why not file sync (Dropbox, git, ...) + vdir?
Since vdirs <> are just a bunch of files, it is obvious to try file synchronization for synchronizing
your data between multiple computers, such as:

• Syncthing <https://syncthing.net/>

• Dropbox <https://dropbox.com/> or one of the gajillion services like it

• unison <https://www.cis.upenn.edu/~bcpierce/unison/>

• Just git with a sshd.

The disadvantages of those solutions largely depend on the exact file sync program chosen:

• Like with todo.txt, Dropbox and friends are obviously agnostic/unaware of the files' contents. If a
file has changed on both sides, Dropbox just copies both versions to both sides.

This is a good idea if the user is directly interfacing with the file system and is able to resolve
conflicts themselves. Here it might lead to erroneous behavior with e.g. khal, since there are now two
events with the same UID.

This point doesn't apply to git: It has very good merging capabilities, better than what vdirsyncer
currently has.

• Such a setup doesn't work at all with smartphones. Vdirsyncer, on the other hand, synchronizes with
CardDAV/CalDAV servers, which can be accessed with e.g. DAVx⁵ <https://www.davx5.com/> or other apps
bundled with smartphones.

INSTALLATION

   OS/distro packages
       The following packages are community-contributed and were up-to-date at the time of writing:

       • Arch Linux <https://archlinux.org/packages/extra/any/vdirsyncer/>

       • Ubuntu  and  Debian,  x86_64-only <https://packagecloud.io/pimutils/vdirsyncer> (packages also exist in
         the official repositories but may be out of date)

       • GNU Guix <https://packages.guix.gnu.org/packages/vdirsyncer/>

       • macOS (homebrew) <https://formulae.brew.sh/formula/vdirsyncer>

       • NetBSD <https://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/pkgsrc/current/pkgsrc/time/py-vdirsyncer/index.html>

       • OpenBSD <http://ports.su/productivity/vdirsyncer>

       • Slackware (SlackBuild at Slackbuilds.org) <https://slackbuilds.org/repository/15.0/network/vdirsyncer/>

       We only support the latest version of vdirsyncer, which is at the time of this writing 0.20.0. Please  do
       not file bugs if you use an older version.

       Some  distributions have multiple release channels. Debian and Fedora for example have a "stable" release
       channel that ships an older version of vdirsyncer. Those versions aren't supported either.

       If there is no suitable package for your distribution, you'll need to install vdirsyncer manually.  There
       is an easy command to copy-and-paste for this as well, but you should be aware of its consequences.

   Manual installation
       If your distribution doesn't provide a package for vdirsyncer, you still can use Python's package manager
       "pip". First, you'll have to check that the following things are installed:

       • Python 3.8 to 3.13 and pip.

       • libxml and libxslt

       • zlib

       • Linux  or  macOS.  Windows  is  not  supported, see issue #535 <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/
         issues/535>.

       On Linux systems, using the distro's package manager is the best way  to  do  this,  for  example,  using
       Ubuntu:

          sudo apt-get install libxml2 libxslt1.1 zlib1g python3

       Then you have several options. The following text applies for most Python software by the way.

   pipx: The clean, easy way
       pipx  <https://github.com/pipxproject/pipx>  is  a  new  package  manager  for Python-based software that
       automatically sets up a virtual environment for each program it installs. Please note that installing via
       pipx will not include manual pages nor systemd services.

       pipx will install vdirsyncer into ~/.local/pipx/venvs/vdirsyncer

       Assuming that pipx is installed, vdirsyncer can be installed with:

          pipx install vdirsyncer

       It can later be updated to the latest version with:

          pipx upgrade vdirsyncer

       And can be uninstalled with:

          pipx uninstall vdirsyncer

       This last command will remove vdirsyncer and any dependencies installed into the above location.

   The dirty, easy way
       If pipx is not available on your distribution, the easiest way to install vdirsyncer at this point  would
       be to run:

          pip install --ignore-installed vdirsyncer

       • --ignore-installed  is  to  work  around  Debian's  potentially  broken  packages (see Requests-related
         ImportErrors <#debian-urllib3>).

       This method has a major flaw though: Pip doesn't keep track of the files it installs. Vdirsyncer's  files
       would  be  located  somewhere  in  ~/.local/lib/python*,  but you can't possibly know which packages were
       installed as dependencies of vdirsyncer and which ones were not, should you decide to  uninstall  it.  In
       other words, using pip that way would pollute your home directory.

   The clean, hard way
       There  is  a  way  to install Python software without scattering stuff across your filesystem: virtualenv
       <https://virtualenv.readthedocs.io/>. There are a lot of  resources  on  how  to  use  it,  the  simplest
       possible way would look something like:

          virtualenv ~/vdirsyncer_env
          ~/vdirsyncer_env/bin/pip install vdirsyncer
          alias vdirsyncer="~/vdirsyncer_env/bin/vdirsyncer"

       You'll have to put the last line into your .bashrc or .bash_profile.

       This method has two advantages:

       • It  separately  installs  all  Python  packages  into  ~/vdirsyncer_env/, without relying on the system
         packages. This works around OS- or distro-specific issues.

       • You can delete ~/vdirsyncer_env/ to uninstall vdirsyncer entirely.

TUTORIAL

Before starting, consider if you actually need vdirsyncer <>. There are better alternatives available for
particular usecases.

Installation
See Installation <#installation>.

Configuration
Note:

• The config.example from the repository <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/blob/main/config
.example> contains a very terse version of this.

• In this example we set up contacts synchronization, but calendar sync works almost the same. Just
swap type = "carddav" for type = "caldav" and fileext = ".vcf" for fileext = ".ics".

• Take a look at the Known Problems <> page if anything doesn't work like planned.

By default, vdirsyncer looks for its configuration file in the following locations:

• The file pointed to by the VDIRSYNCER_CONFIG environment variable.

• ~/.vdirsyncer/config.

• $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/vdirsyncer/config, which is normally ~/.config/vdirsyncer/config. See the XDG-Basedir
<http://standards.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html#variables> specification.

The config file should start with a general section <#general-config>, where the only required parameter
is status_path. The following is a minimal example:

[general]
status_path = "~/.vdirsyncer/status/"

After the general section, an arbitrary amount of pair and storage sections might come.

In vdirsyncer, synchronization is always done between two storages. Such storages are defined in storage
sections <#storage-config>, and which pairs of storages should actually be synchronized is defined in
pair section <#pair-config>. This format is copied from OfflineIMAP, where storages are called
repositories and pairs are called accounts.

The following example synchronizes ownCloud's addressbooks to ~/.contacts/:

[pair my_contacts]
a = "my_contacts_local"
b = "my_contacts_remote"
collections = ["from a", "from b"]

[storage my_contacts_local]
type = "filesystem"
path = "~/.contacts/"
fileext = ".vcf"

[storage my_contacts_remote]
type = "carddav"

# We can simplify this URL here as well. In theory it shouldn't matter.
url = "https://owncloud.example.com/remote.php/carddav/"
username = "bob"
password = "asdf"

Note:
Configuration for other servers can be found at Servers <#supported-servers>.

After running vdirsyncer discover and vdirsyncer sync, ~/.contacts/ will contain subfolders for each
addressbook, which in turn will contain a bunch of .vcf files which all contain a contact in VCARD format
each. You can modify their contents, add new ones and delete some [1], and your changes will be
synchronized to the CalDAV server after you run vdirsyncer sync again. For further reference, it uses the
storages filesystem <#storage-filesystem> and carddav <#storage-carddav>.

However, if new collections are created on the server, it will not automatically start synchronizing
those [2]. You need to run vdirsyncer discover again to re-fetch this list instead.

[1] You'll want to use a helper program for this <>.

[2] Because collections are added rarely, and checking for this case before every synchronization isn't
worth the overhead.

More Configuration
Conflict resolution
What if the same item is changed on both sides? What should vdirsyncer do? Three options are currently
provided:

1. vdirsyncer displays an error message (the default);

2. vdirsyncer chooses one alternative version over the other;

3. vdirsyncer starts a command of your choice that is supposed to merge the two alternative versions.

Options 2 and 3 require adding a "conflict_resolution" parameter to the pair section. Option 2 requires
giving either "a wins" or "b wins" as value to the parameter:

[pair my_contacts]
...
conflict_resolution = "b wins"

Earlier we wrote that b = "my_contacts_remote", so when vdirsyncer encounters the situation where an item
changed on both sides, it will simply overwrite the local item with the one from the server.

Option 3 requires specifying as value of "conflict_resolution" an array starting with "command" and
containing paths and arguments to a command. For example:

[pair my_contacts]
...
conflict_resolution = ["command", "vimdiff"]

In this example, vimdiff <a> <b> will be called with <a> and <b> being two temporary files containing the
conflicting files. The files need to be exactly the same when the command returns. More arguments can be
passed to the command by adding more elements to the array.

See Pair Section <#pair-config> for the reference documentation.

Metadata synchronization
Besides items, vdirsyncer can also synchronize metadata like the addressbook's or calendar's
"human-friendly" name (internally called "displayname") or the color associated with a calendar. For the
purpose of explaining this feature, let's switch to a different base example. This time we'll synchronize
calendars:

[pair my_calendars]
a = "my_calendars_local"
b = "my_calendars_remote"
collections = ["from a", "from b"]
metadata = ["color"]

[storage my_calendars_local]
type = "filesystem"
path = "~/.calendars/"
fileext = ".ics"

[storage my_calendars_remote]
type = "caldav"

url = "https://owncloud.example.com/remote.php/caldav/"
username = "bob"
password = "asdf"

Run vdirsyncer discover for discovery. Then you can use vdirsyncer metasync to synchronize the color
property between your local calendars in ~/.calendars/ and your ownCloud. Locally the color is just
represented as a file called color within the calendar folder.

More information about collections
"Collection" is a collective term for addressbooks and calendars. A Cardav or Caldav server can contains
several "collections" which correspond to several addressbooks or calendar.

Each collection from a storage has a "collection name", a unique identifier for each collection. In the
case of filesystem <#storage-filesystem>-storage, this is the name of the directory that represents the
collection, in the case of the DAV-storages this is the last segment of the URL. We use this identifier
in the collections parameter in the pair-section.

This identifier doesn't change even if you rename your calendar in whatever UI you have, because that
only changes the so-called "displayname" property [3]. On some servers (iCloud, Google) this identifier
is randomly generated and has no correlation with the displayname you chose.

[3] Which you can also synchronize with metasync using metadata = ["displayname"].

There are three collection names that have a special meaning:

• "from a", "from b": A placeholder for all collections that can be found on side A/B when running
vdirsyncer discover.

• null: The parameters give to the storage are exact and require no discovery.

The last one requires a bit more explanation. Assume this config which synchronizes two directories of
addressbooks:

[pair foobar]
a = "foo"
b = "bar"
collections = ["from a", "from b"]

[storage foo]
type = "filesystem"
fileext = ".vcf"
path = "./contacts_foo/"

[storage bar]
type = "filesystem"
fileext = ".vcf"
path = "./contacts_bar/"

As we saw previously this will synchronize all collections in ./contacts_foo/ with each same-named
collection in ./contacts_bar/. If there's a collection that exists on one side but not the other,
vdirsyncer will ask whether to create that folder on the other side.

If we set collections = null, ./contacts_foo/ and ./contacts_bar/ are no longer treated as folders with
collections, but as collections themselves. This means that ./contacts_foo/ and ./contacts_bar/ will
contain .vcf-files, not subfolders that contain .vcf-files.

This is useful in situations where listing all collections fails because your DAV-server doesn't support
it, for example. In this case, you can set url of your carddav <#storage-carddav>- or caldav <#
storage-caldav>-storage to a URL that points to your CalDAV/CardDAV collection directly.

Note that not all storages support the null-collection, for example google_contacts <#
storage-google_contacts> and google_calendar <#storage-google_calendar> don't.

Advanced collection configuration (server-to-server sync)
The examples above are good enough if you want to synchronize a remote server to a previously empty disk.
However, even more trickery is required when you have two servers with already existing collections which
you want to synchronize.

The core problem in this situation is that vdirsyncer pairs collections by collection name by default
(see definition in previous section, basically a foldername or a remote UUID). When you have two servers,
those collection names may not line up as nicely. Suppose you created two calendars "Test", one on a
NextCloud server and one on iCloud, using their respective web interfaces. The URLs look something like
this:

NextCloud: https://example.com/remote.php/dav/calendars/user/test/
iCloud: https://p-XX.caldav.icloud.com/YYY/calendars/3b4c9995-5c67-4021-9fa0-be4633623e1c

Those are two DAV calendar collections. Their collection names will be test and
3b4c9995-5c67-4021-9fa0-be4633623e1c respectively, so you don't have a single name you can address them
both with. You will need to manually "pair" (no pun intended) those collections up like this:

[pair doublecloud]
a = "my_nextcloud"
b = "my_icloud"
collections = [["mytest", "test", "3b4c9995-5c67-4021-9fa0-be4633623e1c"]]

mytest gives that combination of calendars a nice name you can use when talking about it, so you would
use vdirsyncer sync doublecloud/mytest to say: "Only synchronize these two storages, nothing else that
may be configured".

Note:
Why not use displaynames?

You may wonder why vdirsyncer just couldn't figure this out by itself. After all, you did name both
collections "Test" (which is called "the displayname"), so why not pair collections by that value?

There are a few problems with this idea:

• Two calendars may have the same exact displayname.

• A calendar may not have a (non-empty) displayname.

• The displayname might change. Either you rename the calendar, or the calendar renames itself because
you change a language setting.

In the end, that property was never designed to be parsed by machines.

SSL AND CERTIFICATE VALIDATION

All SSL configuration is done per-storage.

Pinning by fingerprint
To pin the certificate by fingerprint:

[storage foo]
type = "caldav"
...
verify_fingerprint = "6D:83:EA:32:6C:39:BA:08:ED:EB:C9:BC:BE:12:BB:BF:0F:D9:83:00:CC:89:7E:C7:32:05:94:96:CA:C5:59:5E"

SHA256-Fingerprints must be used, MD5 and SHA-1 are insecure and not supported. CA validation is
disabled when pinning a fingerprint.

You can use the following command for obtaining a SHA256 fingerprint:

echo -n | openssl s_client -connect unterwaditzer.net:443 | openssl x509 -noout -fingerprint -sha256

However, please consider using Let's Encrypt <https://letsencrypt.org/> such that you can forget about
all of that. It is easier to deploy a free certificate from them than configuring all of your clients to
accept the self-signed certificate.

Custom root CAs
To point vdirsyncer to a custom set of root CAs:

[storage foo]
type = "caldav"
...
verify = "/path/to/cert.pem"

Vdirsyncer uses the aiohttp <https://docs.aiohttp.org/en/stable/index.html> library, which uses the
default
`ssl.SSLContext
https://docs.python.org/3/library/ssl.html#ssl.SSLContext`_
by default.

There are cases where certificate validation fails even though you can access the server fine through
e.g. your browser. This usually indicates that your installation of python or the aiohttp or library is
somehow broken. In such cases, it makes sense to explicitly set verify or verify_fingerprint as shown
above.

Client Certificates
Client certificates may be specified with the auth_cert parameter. If the key and certificate are stored
in the same file, it may be a string:

[storage foo]
type = "caldav"
...
auth_cert = "/path/to/certificate.pem"

If the key and certificate are separate, a list may be used:

[storage foo]
type = "caldav"
...
auth_cert = ["/path/to/certificate.crt", "/path/to/key.key"]

STORING PASSWORDS

       Changed in version 0.7.0: Password configuration got completely overhauled.

       Vdirsyncer can fetch passwords from several sources other than the config file.

   Command
       Say you have the following configuration:

          [storage foo]
          type = "caldav"
          url = ...
          username = "foo"
          password = "bar"

       But it bugs you that the password is stored in cleartext in the config file.  You can do this:

          [storage foo]
          type = "caldav"
          url = ...
          username = "foo"
          password.fetch = ["command", "~/get-password.sh", "more", "args"]

       You can fetch the username as well:

          [storage foo]
          type = "caldav"
          url = ...
          username.fetch = ["command", "~/get-username.sh"]
          password.fetch = ["command", "~/get-password.sh"]

       Or really any kind of parameter in a storage section.

       You can also pass the command as a string to be executed in a shell:

          [storage foo]
          ...
          password.fetch = ["shell", "~/.local/bin/get-my-password | head -n1"]

       With pass <https://www.passwordstore.org/> for example, you might find yourself  writing  something  like
       this in your configuration file:

          password.fetch = ["command", "pass", "caldav"]

   Accessing the system keyring
       As shown above, you can use the command strategy to fetch your credentials from arbitrary sources. A very
       common usecase is to fetch your password from the system keyring.

       The  keyring  <https://github.com/jaraco/keyring/>  Python  package  contains  a command-line utility for
       fetching passwords from the OS's password store. Installation:

          pip install keyring

       Basic usage:

          password.fetch = ["command", "keyring", "get", "example.com", "foouser"]

   Password Prompt
       You can also simply prompt for the password:

          [storage foo]
          type = "caldav"
          username = "myusername"
          password.fetch = ["prompt", "Password for CalDAV"]

   Environment variable
       To read the password from an environment variable:

          [storage foo]
          type = "caldav"
          username = "myusername"
          password.fetch = ["command", "printenv", "DAV_PW"]

       This is especially handy if you use the same password multiple times (say, for a  CardDAV  and  a  CalDAV
       storage).  On bash, you can read and export the password without printing:

          read -s DAV_PW "DAV Password: " && export DAV_PW

SYNCING WITH READ-ONLY STORAGES

If you want to subscribe to a public, read-only WebCAL <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webcal>-calendar
but neither your server nor your calendar apps support that (or support it insufficiently), vdirsyncer
can be used to synchronize such a public calendar A with a new calendar B of your own and keep B updated.

Step 1: Create the target calendar
First you need to create the calendar you want to sync the WebCAL-calendar with. Most servers offer a web
interface for this. You then need to note the CalDAV URL of your calendar. Note that this URL should
directly point to the calendar you just created, which means you would have one such URL for each
calendar you have.

Step 2: Creating the config
Paste this into your vdirsyncer config:

[pair holidays]
a = "holidays_public"
b = "holidays_private"
collections = null

[storage holidays_public]
type = "http"
# The URL to your iCalendar file.
url = "..."

[storage holidays_private]
type = "caldav"
# The direct URL to your calendar.
url = "..."
# The credentials to your CalDAV server
username = "..."
password = "..."

Then run vdirsyncer discover holidays and vdirsyncer sync holidays, and your previously created calendar
should be filled with events.

Step 3: The partial_sync parameter
Added in version 0.14.

You may get into a situation where you want to hide or modify some events from your holidays calendar. If
you try to do that at this point, you'll notice that vdirsyncer will revert any changes you've made after
a few times of running sync. This is because vdirsyncer wants to keep everything in sync, and it can't
synchronize changes to the public holidays-calendar because it doesn't have the rights to do so.

For such purposes you can set the partial_sync parameter to ignore:

[pair holidays]
a = "holidays_public"
b = "holidays_private"
collections = null
partial_sync = ignore

See the config docs <#partial-sync-def> for more information.

FULL CONFIGURATION MANUAL

Vdirsyncer uses an ini-like format for storing its configuration. All values are JSON, invalid JSON will
get interpreted as string:

x = "foo" # String
x = foo # Shorthand for same string

x = 42 # Integer

x = ["a", "b", "c"] # List of strings

x = true # Boolean
x = false

x = null # Also known as None

General Section
[general]
status_path = ...

• status_path: A directory where vdirsyncer will store some additional data for the next sync.

The data is needed to determine whether a new item means it has been added on one side or deleted on
the other. Relative paths will be interpreted as relative to the configuration file's directory.

See A simple synchronization algorithm <https://unterwaditzer.net/2016/sync-algorithm.html> for what
exactly is in there.

Pair Section
[pair pair_name]
a = ...
b = ...
#collections = null
#conflict_resolution = null

• Pair names can consist of any alphanumeric characters and the underscore.

• a and b reference the storages to sync by their names.

• collections: A list of collections to synchronize when vdirsyncer sync is executed. See also More
information about collections <#collections-tutorial>.

The special values "from a" and "from b", tell vdirsyncer to try autodiscovery on a specific storage.
It means all the collections on side A / side B.

If the collection you want to sync doesn't have the same name on each side, you may also use a value of
the form ["config_name", "name_a", "name_b"]. This will synchronize the collection name_a on side A
with the collection name_b on side B. The config_name will be used for representation in CLI arguments
and logging.

Examples:

• collections = ["from b", "foo", "bar"] makes vdirsyncer synchronize all the collections from side B,
and also the collections named "foo" and "bar".

• collections = ["from b", "from a"] makes vdirsyncer synchronize all existing collections on either
side.

• collections = [["bar", "bar_a", "bar_b"], "foo"] makes vdirsyncer synchronize bar_a from side A with
bar_b from side B, and also synchronize foo on both sides with each other.

• conflict_resolution: Optional, define how conflicts should be handled. A conflict occurs when one item
(event, task) changed on both sides since the last sync. See also Conflict resolution <#
conflict-resolution-tutorial>.

Valid values are:

• null, where an error is shown and no changes are done.

• "a wins" and "b wins", where the whole item is taken from one side.

• ["command", "vimdiff"]: vimdiff <a> <b> will be called where <a> and <b> are temporary files that
contain the item of each side respectively. The files need to be exactly the same when the command
returns.

• vimdiff can be replaced with any other command. For example, in POSIX ["command", "cp"] is
equivalent to "a wins".

• Additional list items will be forwarded as arguments. For example, ["command", "vimdiff",
"--noplugin"] runs vimdiff --noplugin.

Vdirsyncer never attempts to "automatically merge" the two items.

• partial_sync: Assume A is read-only, B not. If you change items on B, vdirsyncer can't sync the changes
to A. What should happen instead?

• error: An error is shown.

• ignore: The change is ignored. However: Events deleted in B still reappear if they're updated in A.

• revert (default): The change is reverted on next sync.

See also Syncing with read-only storages <#partial-sync-tutorial>.

• metadata: Metadata keys that should be synchronized when vdirsyncer metasync is executed. Example:

metadata = ["color", "displayname", "description", "order"]

This synchronizes the following properties:

• color: http://apple.com/ns/ical/:calendar-color

• displayname: DAV:displayname

• description: CalDAV:calendar-description and CardDAV:addressbook-description

• order: http://apple.com/ns/ical/:calendar-order

The conflict_resolution parameter applies for these properties too.

Storage Section
[storage storage_name]
type = ...

• Storage names can consist of any alphanumeric characters and the underscore.

• type defines which kind of storage is defined. See Supported Storages.

• read_only defines whether the storage should be regarded as a read-only storage. The value true means
synchronization will discard any changes made to the other side. The value false implies normal 2-way
synchronization.

• Any further parameters are passed on to the storage class.

Supported Storages
CalDAV and CardDAV
Note:
Please also see Servers <#supported-servers>, as some servers may not work well.

caldav CalDAV.

[storage example_for_caldav]
type = "caldav"
#start_date = null
#end_date = null
#item_types = []
url = "..."
#username = ""
#password = ""
#verify = /path/to/custom_ca.pem
#auth = null
#useragent = "vdirsyncer/0.16.4"
#verify_fingerprint = null
#auth_cert = null

You can set a timerange to synchronize with the parameters start_date and end_date. Inside those
parameters, you can use any Python expression to return a valid datetime.datetime object. For
example, the following would synchronize the timerange from one year in the past to one year in
the future:

start_date = "datetime.now() - timedelta(days=365)"
end_date = "datetime.now() + timedelta(days=365)"

Either both or none have to be specified. The default is to synchronize everything.

You can set item_types to restrict the kind of items you want to synchronize. For example, if you
want to only synchronize events (but don't download any tasks from the server), set item_types =
["VEVENT"]. If you want to synchronize events and tasks, but have some VJOURNAL items on the
server you don't want to synchronize, use item_types = ["VEVENT", "VTODO"].

Parameters

• start_date -- Start date of timerange to show, default -inf.

• end_date -- End date of timerange to show, default +inf.

• item_types -- Kind of items to show. The default, the empty list, is to show all. This
depends on particular features on the server, the results are not validated.

• url -- Base URL or an URL to a calendar.

• username -- Username for authentication.

• password -- Password for authentication.

• verify -- Optional. Local path to a self-signed SSL certificate. See SSL and certificate
validation <#ssl-tutorial> for more information.

• verify_fingerprint -- Optional. SHA256 fingerprint of the expected server certificate.
See SSL and certificate validation <#ssl-tutorial> for more information.

• auth -- Optional. Either basic, digest or guess. The default is preemptive Basic auth,
sending credentials even if server didn't request them. This saves from an additional
roundtrip per request. Consider setting guess if this causes issues with your server.

• auth_cert -- Optional. Either a path to a certificate with a client certificate and the
key or a list of paths to the files with them.

• useragent -- Default vdirsyncer.

carddav
CardDAV.

[storage example_for_carddav]
type = "carddav"
url = "..."
#username = ""
#password = ""
#verify = /path/to/custom_ca.pem
#auth = null
#useragent = "vdirsyncer/0.16.4"
#verify_fingerprint = null
#auth_cert = null
#use_vcard_4 = false

Parameters

• url -- Base URL or an URL to an addressbook.

• username -- Username for authentication.

• password -- Password for authentication.

• verify -- Optional. Local path to a self-signed SSL certificate. See SSL and certificate
validation <#ssl-tutorial> for more information.

• verify_fingerprint -- Optional. SHA256 fingerprint of the expected server certificate.
See SSL and certificate validation <#ssl-tutorial> for more information.

• auth_cert -- Optional. Either a path to a certificate with a client certificate and the
key or a list of paths to the files with them.

• useragent -- Default vdirsyncer.

• use_vcard_4 -- Whether the server use vCard 4.0.

Google
Vdirsyncer supports synchronization with Google calendars with the restriction that VTODO files are
rejected by the server.

Synchronization with Google contacts is less reliable due to negligence of Google's CardDAV API. Google's
CardDAV implementation is allegedly a disaster in terms of data safety. See this blog post <https://
evertpot.com/google-carddav-issues/> for the details. Always back up your data.

Another caveat is that Google group labels are not synced with vCard's CATEGORIES <https://www.rfc-editor
.org/rfc/rfc6350#section-6.7.1> property (also see issue #814 <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/
issues/814> and upstream issue #36761530 <https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/36761530> for reference)
and the BDAY <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6350#section-6.2.5> property is not synced when only
partial date information is present (e.g. the year is missing).

At first run you will be asked to authorize application for Google account access.

To use this storage type, you need to install some additional dependencies:

pip install vdirsyncer[google]

Furthermore you need to register vdirsyncer as an application yourself to obtain client_id and
client_secret, as it is against Google's Terms of Service to hardcode those into opensource software
[googleterms] <#googleterms>:

1. Go to the Google API Manager <https://console.developers.google.com>

2. Create a new project under any name.

2. Within that project, enable the "CalDAV" and "CardDAV" APIs (not the Calendar and Contacts APIs, those
are different and won't work). There should be a search box where you can just enter those terms.

3. In the sidebar, select "Credentials", then "Create Credentials" and create a new "OAuth Client ID".

You'll be prompted to create a OAuth consent screen first. Fill out that form however you like.

After setting up the consent screen, finish creating the new "OAuth Client ID'. The correct
application type is "Desktop application".

4. Finally you should have a Client ID and a Client secret. Provide these in your storage config.

The token_file parameter should be a path to a file where vdirsyncer can later store
authentication-related data. You do not need to create the file itself or write anything to it.

[googleterms]
See ToS <https://developers.google.com/terms/?hl=th>, section "Confidential Matters".

Note:
You need to configure which calendars Google should offer vdirsyncer using a secret settings page
<https://calendar.google.com/calendar/syncselect>.

google_calendar
Google calendar.

[storage example_for_google_calendar]
type = "google_calendar"
token_file = "..."
client_id = "..."
client_secret = "..."
#start_date = null
#end_date = null
#item_types = []

Please refer to caldav regarding the item_types and timerange parameters.

Parameters

• token_file -- A filepath where access tokens are stored.

• client_id/client_secret -- OAuth credentials, obtained from the Google API Manager.

google_contacts
Google contacts.

[storage example_for_google_contacts]
type = "google_contacts"
token_file = "..."
client_id = "..."
client_secret = "..."

Parameters

• token_file -- A filepath where access tokens are stored.

• client_id/client_secret -- OAuth credentials, obtained from the Google API Manager.

The current flow is not ideal, but Google has deprecated the previous APIs used for this without
providing a suitable replacement. See issue #975 <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/975> for
discussion on the topic.

Local
filesystem
Saves each item in its own file, given a directory.

[storage example_for_filesystem]
type = "filesystem"
path = "..."
fileext = "..."
#encoding = "utf-8"
#post_hook = null
#pre_deletion_hook = null
#fileignoreext = ".tmp"

Can be used with khal <http://lostpackets.de/khal/>. See The Vdir Storage Format <> for a more
formal description of the format.

Directories with a leading dot are ignored to make usage of e.g. version control easier.

Parameters

• path -- Absolute path to a vdir/collection. If this is used in combination with the
collections parameter in a pair-section, this should point to a directory of vdirs
instead.

• fileext -- The file extension to use (e.g. .txt). Contained in the href, so if you change
the file extension after a sync, this will trigger a re-download of everything (but
should not cause data-loss of any kind). To be compatible with the vset format you have
to either use .vcf or .ics. Note that metasync won't work if you use an empty string
here.

• encoding -- File encoding for items, both content and filename.

• post_hook -- A command to call for each item creation and modification. The command will
be called with the path of the new/updated file.

• pre_deletion_hook -- A command to call for each item deletion. The command will be
called with the path of the deleted file.

• fileeignoreext -- The file extention to ignore. It is only useful if fileext is set to
the empty string. The default is .tmp.

singlefile
Save data in single local .vcf or .ics file.

The storage basically guesses how items should be joined in the file.

Added in version 0.1.6.

Note:
This storage is very slow, and that is unlikely to change. You should consider using filesystem
if it fits your usecase.

Parameters

• path -- The filepath to the file to be written to. If collections are used, this should
contain %s as a placeholder for the collection name.

• encoding -- Which encoding the file should use. Defaults to UTF-8.

Example for syncing with caldav:

[pair my_calendar]
a = my_calendar_local
b = my_calendar_remote
collections = ["from a", "from b"]

[storage my_calendar_local]
type = "singlefile"
path = ~/.calendars/%s.ics

[storage my_calendar_remote]
type = "caldav"
url = https://caldav.example.org/
#username =
#password =

Example for syncing with caldav using a null collection:

[pair my_calendar]
a = my_calendar_local
b = my_calendar_remote

[storage my_calendar_local]
type = "singlefile"
path = ~/my_calendar.ics

[storage my_calendar_remote]
type = "caldav"
url = https://caldav.example.org/username/my_calendar/
#username =
#password =

Read-only storages
These storages don't support writing of their items, consequently read_only is set to true by default.
Changing read_only to false on them leads to an error.

http Use a simple .ics file (or similar) from the web. webcal://-calendars are supposed to be used
with this, but you have to replace webcal:// with http://, or better, https://.

[pair holidays]
a = holidays_local
b = holidays_remote
collections = null

[storage holidays_local]
type = "filesystem"
path = ~/.config/vdir/calendars/holidays/
fileext = .ics

[storage holidays_remote]
type = "http"
url = https://example.com/holidays_from_hicksville.ics
#filter_hook = null

Too many WebCAL providers generate UIDs of all VEVENT-components on-the-fly, i.e. all UIDs change
every time the calendar is downloaded. This leads many synchronization programs to believe that
all events have been deleted and new ones created, and accordingly causes a lot of unnecessary
uploads and deletions on the other side. Vdirsyncer completely ignores UIDs coming from http and
will replace them with a hash of the normalized item content.

Parameters

• url -- URL to the .ics file.

• username -- Username for authentication.

• password -- Password for authentication.

• verify -- Optional. Local path to a self-signed SSL certificate. See SSL and certificate
validation <#ssl-tutorial> for more information.

• verify_fingerprint -- Optional. SHA256 fingerprint of the expected server certificate.
See SSL and certificate validation <#ssl-tutorial> for more information.

• auth_cert -- Optional. Either a path to a certificate with a client certificate and the
key or a list of paths to the files with them.

• useragent -- Default vdirsyncer.

• filter_hook -- Optional. A filter command to call for each fetched item, passed in raw
form to stdin and returned via stdout. If nothing is returned by the filter command, the
item is skipped. This can be used to alter fields as needed when dealing with providers
generating malformed events.

KNOWN PROBLEMS

       For any unanswered questions or problems, see Support and Contact <>.

   Requests-related ImportErrors
          ImportError: No module named packages.urllib3.poolmanager

          ImportError: cannot import name iter_field_objects

       Debian and nowadays even other distros make modifications to the requests package that  don't  play  well
       with packages assuming a normal requests. This is due to stubbornness on both sides.

       See  issue  #82  <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/82>  and  issue #140 <https://github.com/
       pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/140> for past discussions. You have one option to work around this,  that  is,
       to install vdirsyncer in a virtual environment, see Manual installation <#manual-installation>.

CONTRIBUTING TO THIS PROJECT

Note:

• Please read Support and Contact <> for questions and support requests.

• All participants must follow the pimutils Code of Conduct <http://pimutils.org/coc>.

The issue tracker
We use GitHub issues <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues> for organizing bug reports and
feature requests.

The following labels <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/labels> are of interest:

• "Planning" is for issues that are still undecided, but where at least some discussion exists.

• "Blocked" is for issues that can't be worked on at the moment because some other unsolved problem
exists. This problem may be a bug in some software dependency, for instance.

• "Ready" contains issues that are ready to work on.

If you just want to get started with contributing, the "ready" issues are an option. Issues that are
still in "Planning" are also an option, but require more upfront thinking and may turn out to be
impossible to solve, or at least harder than anticipated. On the flip side those tend to be the more
interesting issues as well, depending on how one looks at it.

All of those labels are also available as a kanban board on waffle.io <https://waffle.io/pimutils/
vdirsyncer>. It is really just an alternative overview over all issues, but might be easier to
comprehend.

Feel free to contact <> me or comment on the relevant issues for further information.

Reporting bugs
• Make sure your problem isn't already listed in Known Problems <>.

• Make sure you have the absolutely latest version of vdirsyncer. For users of some Linux distributions
such as Debian or Fedora this may not be the version that your distro offers. In those cases please
file a bug against the distro package, not against upstream vdirsyncer.

• Use --verbosity=DEBUG when including output from vdirsyncer.

Suggesting features
If you're suggesting a feature, keep in mind that vdirsyncer tries not to be a full calendar or contacts
client, but rather just the piece of software that synchronizes all the data. Take a look at the
documentation for software working with vdirsyncer <>.

Submitting patches, pull requests
• Discuss everything in the issue tracker first (or contact me somehow else) before implementing it.

• Make sure the tests pass. See below for running them.

• But not because you wrote too few tests.

• Add yourself to AUTHORS.rst, and add a note to CHANGELOG.rst too.

Running tests, how to set up your development environment
For many patches, it might suffice to just let CI run the tests. However, CI is slow, so you might want
to run them locally too. For this, set up a virtualenv <http://virtualenv.readthedocs.io/> and run this
inside of it:

# Install development dependencies, including:
# - vdirsyncer from the repo into the virtualenv
# - style checks and formatting (ruff)
make install-dev

# Install git commit hook for some extra linting and checking
pre-commit install

Then you can run:

pytest # The normal testsuite
pre-commit run --all # Run all linters (which also run via pre-commit)
make -C docs html # Build the HTML docs, output is at docs/_build/html/
make -C docs linkcheck # Check docs for any broken links

The Makefile has a lot of options that allow you to control which tests are run, and which servers are
tested. Take a look at its code where they are all initialized and documented.

To tests against a specific DAV server, use DAV_SERVER:

make DAV_SERVER=xandikos test

The server will be initialised in a docker container and terminated at the end of the test suite.

If you have any questions, feel free to open issues about it.

Structure of the testsuite
Within tests/, there are three main folders:

• system contains system- and also integration tests. A rough rule is: If the test is using temporary
files, put it here.

• unit, where each testcase tests a single class or function.

• storage runs a generic storage testsuite against all storages.

The reason for this separation is: We are planning to generate separate coverage reports for each of
those testsuites. Ideally unit would generate palatable coverage of the entire codebase on its own, and
the combination of system and storage as well.

THE VDIR STORAGE FORMAT

This document describes a standard for storing calendars and contacts on a filesystem, with the main goal
of being easy to implement.

Vdirsyncer synchronizes to vdirs via filesystem <#storage-filesystem>. Each vdir (basically just a
directory with some files in it) represents a calendar or addressbook.

Basic Structure
The main folder (root) contains an arbitrary number of subfolders (collections), which contain only files
(items). Synonyms for "collection" may be "addressbook" or "calendar".

An item is:

• A vCard <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6350> file, in which case the file extension must be .vcf, or

• An iCalendar <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5545> file, in which case the file extension must be .ics.

An item should contain a UID property as described by the vCard and iCalendar standards. If it contains
more than one UID property, the values of those must not differ.

The file must contain exactly one event, task or contact. In most cases this also implies only one
VEVENT/VTODO/VCARD component per file, but e.g. recurrence exceptions would require multiple VEVENT
components per event.

The filename should have similar properties as the UID of the file content. However, there is no
requirement for these two to be the same. Programs may choose to store additional metadata in that
filename, however, at the same time they must not assume that the metadata they included will be
preserved by other programs.

Metadata
Any of the below metadata files may be absent. None of the files listed below have any file extensions.

• A file called color inside the vdir indicates the vdir's color, a property that is only relevant in UI
design.

Its content is an ASCII-encoded hex-RGB value of the form #RRGGBB. For example, a file content of
#FF0000 indicates that the vdir has a red (user-visible) color. No short forms or informal values such
as red (as known from CSS, for example) are allowed. The prefixing # must be present.

• Files called displayname and description contain a UTF-8 encoded label/ description, that may be used
to represent the vdir in UIs.

• A file called order inside the vdir includes the relative order of the calendar, a property that is
only relevant in UI design.

Writing to vdirs
Creating and modifying items or metadata files should happen atomically <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Atomicity_%28programming%29>.

Writing to a temporary file on the same physical device, and then moving it to the appropriate location
is usually a very effective solution. For this purpose, files with the extension .tmp may be created
inside collections.

When changing an item, the original filename must be used.

Reading from vdirs
• Any file ending with the .tmp or no file extension must not be treated as an item.

• The ident part of the filename should not be parsed to improve the speed of item lookup.

Considerations
The primary reason this format was chosen is due to its compatibility with the CardDAV <http://tools.ietf
.org/html/rfc6352> and CalDAV <http://tools.ietf.org/search/rfc4791> standards.

Performance
Currently, vdirs suffer from a rather major performance problem, one which current implementations try to
mitigate by building up indices of the collections for faster search and lookup.

The reason items' filenames don't contain any extra information is simple: The solutions presented
induced duplication of data, where one duplicate might become out of date because of bad implementations.
As it stands right now, an index format could be formalized separately though.

vdirsyncer doesn't really have to bother about efficient item lookup, because its synchronization
algorithm needs to fetch the whole list of items anyway. Detecting changes is easily implemented by
checking the files' modification time.

PACKAGING GUIDELINES

Thank you very much for packaging vdirsyncer! The following guidelines should help you to avoid some
common pitfalls.

If you find yourself needing to patch anything, or going in a different direction, please open an issue
so we can also address in a way that works for everyone. Otherwise we get bug reports for code or
scenarios that don't exist in upstream vdirsycner.

Obtaining the source code
The main distribution channel is PyPI <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/vdirsyncer>, and source tarballs can
be obtained there. We mirror the same package tarball and wheel as GitHub releases. Please do not confuse
these with the auto-generated GitHub "Source Code" tarball. Those are missing some important metadata and
your build will fail.

We give each release a tag in the git repo. If you want to get notified of new releases, GitHub's feed
<https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/releases.atom> is a good way.

Tags will be signed by the maintainer who is doing the release (starting with 0.16.8), and generation of
the tarball and wheel is done by CI. Hence, only the tag itself is signed.

Dependency versions
As with most Python packages, setup.py denotes the dependencies of vdirsyncer. It also contains
lower-bound versions of each dependency. Older versions will be rejected by the testsuite.

Testing
Everything testing-related goes through the Makefile in the root of the repository or PyPI package.
Trying to e.g. run pytest directly will require a lot of environment variables to be set (for
configuration) and you probably don't want to deal with that.

You can install the all development dependencies with:

make install-dev

You probably don't want this since it will use pip to download the dependencies. Alternatively test
dependencies are listed as test optional dependencies in pyproject.toml, again with lower-bound version
requirements.

You also have to have vdirsyncer fully installed at this point. Merely cd-ing into the tarball will not
be sufficient.

Running the tests happens with:

pytest

Hypothesis will randomly generate test input. If you care about deterministic tests, set the
DETERMINISTIC_TESTS variable to "true":

make DETERMINISTIC_TESTS=true test

There are a lot of additional variables that allow you to test vdirsyncer against a particular server.
Those variables are not "stable" and may change drastically between minor versions. Just don't use them,
you are unlikely to find bugs that vdirsyncer's CI hasn't found.

Documentation
Using Sphinx <www.sphinx-doc.org/> you can generate the documentation you're reading right now in a
variety of formats, such as HTML, PDF, or even as a manpage. That said, I only take care of the HTML
docs' formatting.

You can find a list of dependencies in docs-requirements.txt. Again, you can install those using pip
with:

pip install -r docs-requirements.txt

Then change into the docs/ directory and build whatever format you want using the Makefile in there (run
make for the formats you can build).

Contrib files
Reference systemd.service and systemd.timer unit files are provided. It is recommended to install this if
your distribution is systemd-based.

SUPPORT AND CONTACT

       • The  #pimutils  IRC channel on Libera.Chat <https://pimutils.org/contact> might be active, depending on
         your timezone. Use it for support and general (including off-topic) discussion.

       • Open a GitHub issue  <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/>  for  concrete  bug  reports  and
         feature requests.

       • For security issues, contact contact@pimutils.org.

CHANGELOG

This changelog only contains information that might be useful to end users and package maintainers. For
further info, see the git commit log.

Package maintainers and users who have to manually update their installation may want to subscribe to
GitHub's tag feed <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/tags.atom>.

Version 0.20.0
• Remove dependency on abandoned atomicwrites library.

• Implement filter_hook for the HTTP storage.

• Drop support for Python 3.7.

• Add support for Python 3.12 and Python 3.13.

• Properly close the status database after using. This especially affects tests, where we were leaking a
large amount of file descriptors.

• Extend supported versions of aiostream to include 0.7.x.

Version 0.19.3
• Added a no_delete option to the storage configuration. issue #1090 <https://github.com/pimutils/
vdirsyncer/issues/1090>

• Fix crash when running vdirsyncer repair on a collection. issue #1019 <https://github.com/pimutils/
vdirsyncer/issues/1019>

• Add an option to request vCard v4.0. issue #1066 <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/1066>

• Require matching BEGIN and END lines in vobjects. issue #1103 <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/
issues/1103>

• A Docker environment for Vdirsyncer has been added Vdirsyncer DOCKERIZED <https://github.com/Bleala/
Vdirsyncer-DOCKERIZED>.

• Implement digest auth. issue #1137 <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/1137>

• Add filter_hook parameter to http <#storage-http>. issue #1136 <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/
issues/1136>

Version 0.19.2
• Improve the performance of SingleFileStorage. issue #818 <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/
issues/818>

• Properly document some caveats of the Google Contacts storage.

• Fix crash when using auth certs. issue #1033 <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/1033>

• The filesystem storage can be specified with type = "filesystem/icalendar" or type =
"filesystem/vcard". This has not functional impact, and is merely for forward compatibility with the
Rust implementation of vdirsyncer.

• Python 3.10 and 3.11 are officially supported.

• Instructions for integrating with Google CalDav/CardDav have changed. Applications now need to be
registered as "Desktop applications". Using "Web application" no longer works due to changes on
Google's side. issue #1078 <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/1078>

Version 0.19.1
• Fixed crash when operating on Google Contacts. issue #994 <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/
issues/994>

• The HTTP_PROXY and HTTPS_PROXY are now respected. issue #1031 <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/
issues/1031>

• Instructions for integrating with Google CalDav/CardDav have changed. Applications now need to be
registered as "Web Application". issue #975 <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/975>

• Various documentation updates.

Version 0.19.0
• Add "shell" password fetch strategy to pass command string to a shell.

• Add "description" and "order" as metadata. These fetch the CalDAV: calendar-description,
CardDAV:addressbook-description and apple-ns:calendar-order properties respectively.

• Add a new showconfig status. This prints some configuration values as JSON. This is intended to be used
by external tools and helpers that interact with vdirsyncer, and considered experimental.

• Update TLS-related tests that were failing due to weak MDs. issue #903 <https://github.com/pimutils/
vdirsyncer/issues/903>

• pytest-httpserver and trustme are now required for tests.

• pytest-localserver is no longer required for tests.

• Multithreaded support has been dropped. The "--max-workers has been removed.

• A new asyncio backend is now used. So far, this shows substantial speed improvements in discovery and
metasync, but little change in sync. This will likely continue improving over time. issue #906
<https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/906>

• The google storage types no longer require requests-oauthlib, but require python-aiohttp-oauthlib
instead.

• Vdirsyncer no longer includes experimental support for EteSync <https://www.etesync.com/>. The existing
integration had not been supported for a long time and no longer worked. Support for external storages
may be added if anyone is interested in maintaining an EteSync plugin. EteSync users should consider
using etesync-dav <https://github.com/etesync/etesync-dav>.

• The plist for macOS has been dropped. It was broken and homebrew generates their own based on package
metadata. macOS users are encouraged to use that as a reference.

Changes to SSL configuration
Support for md5 and sha1 certificate fingerprints has been dropped. If you're validating certificate
fingerprints, use sha256 instead.

When using a custom verify_fingerprint, CA validation is always disabled.

If verify_fingerprint is unset, CA verification is always active. Disabling both features is insecure and
no longer supported.

The verify parameter no longer takes boolean values, it is now optional and only takes a string to a
custom CA for verification.

The verify and verify_fingerprint will likely be merged into a single parameter in future.

Version 0.18.0
Note: Version 0.17 has some alpha releases but ultimately was never finalised. 0.18 actually continues
where 0.16 left off.

• Support for Python 3.5 and 3.6 has been dropped. This release mostly focuses on keeping vdirsyncer
compatible with newer environments.

• click 8 and click-threading 0.5.0 are now required.

• For those using pipsi, we now recommend using pipx, it's successor.

• Python 3.9 is now supported.

• Our Debian/Ubuntu build scripts have been updated. New versions should be pushed to those repositories
soon.

Version 0.16.8
released 09 June 2020

• Support Python 3.7 and 3.8.

This release is functionally identical to 0.16.7. It's been tested with recent Python versions, and has
been marked as supporting them. It will also be the final release supporting Python 3.5 and 3.6.

Version 0.16.7
released on 19 July 2018

• Fixes for Python 3.7

Version 0.16.6
released on 13 June 2018

• Packagers: Documentation building no longer needs a working installation of vdirsyncer.

Version 0.16.5
released on 13 June 2018

• Packagers: click-log 0.3 is required.

• All output will now happen on stderr (because of the upgrade of click-log).

Version 0.16.4
released on 05 February 2018

• Fix tests for new Hypothesis version. (Literally no other change included)

Version 0.16.3
released on 03 October 2017

• First version with custom Debian and Ubuntu packages. See issue #663 <https://github.com/pimutils/
vdirsyncer/issues/663>.

• Remove invalid ASCII control characters from server responses. See issue #626 <https://github.com/
pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/626>.

• packagers: Python 3.3 is no longer supported. See pull request #674 <https://github.com/pimutils/
vdirsyncer/pull/674>.

Version 0.16.2
released on 24 August 2017

• Fix crash when using daterange or item_type filters in google_calendar <#storage-google_calendar>, see
issue #657 <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/657>.

• Packagers: Fixes for new version 0.2.0 of click-log. The version requirements for the dependency
click-log changed.

Version 0.16.1
released on 8 August 2017

• Removed remoteStorage support, see issue #647 <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/647>.

• Fixed test failures caused by latest requests version, see issue #660 <https://github.com/pimutils/
vdirsyncer/issues/660>.

Version 0.16.0
released on 2 June 2017

• Strip METHOD:PUBLISH added by some calendar providers, see issue #502 <https://github.com/pimutils/
vdirsyncer/issues/502>.

• Fix crash of Google storages when saving token file.

• Make DAV discovery more RFC-conformant, see pull request #585 <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/
pull/585>.

• Vdirsyncer is now tested against Xandikos, see pull request #601 <https://github.com/pimutils/
vdirsyncer/pull/601>.

• Subfolders with a leading dot are now ignored during discover for filesystem storage. This makes it
easier to combine it with version control.

• Statuses are now stored in a sqlite database. Old data is automatically migrated. Users with really
large datasets should encounter performance improvements. This means that sqlite3 is now a dependency
of vdirsyncer.

• Vdirsyncer is now licensed under the 3-clause BSD license, see issue #610 <https://github.com/pimutils/
vdirsyncer/issues/610>.

• Vdirsyncer now includes experimental support for EteSync <https://www.etesync.com/>, see pull request
#614 <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/pull/614>.

• Vdirsyncer now uses more filesystem metadata for determining whether an item changed. You will notice a
possibly heavy CPU/IO spike on the first sync after upgrading.

• Packagers: Reference systemd.service and systemd.timer unit files are provided. It is recommended to
install these as documentation if your distribution is systemd-based.

Version 0.15.0
released on 28 February 2017

• Deprecated syntax for configuration values is now completely rejected. All values now have to be valid
JSON.

• A few UX improvements for Google storages, see issue #549 <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/
issues/549> and issue #552 <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/552>.

• Fix collection discovery for google_contacts <#storage-google_contacts>, see issue #564 <https://github
.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/564>.

• iCloud is now tested on Travis, see issue #567 <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/567>.

Version 0.14.1
released on 05 January 2017

• vdirsyncer repair no longer changes "unsafe" UIDs by default, an extra option has to be specified. See
issue #527 <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/527>.

• A lot of important documentation updates.

Version 0.14.0
released on 26 October 2016

• vdirsyncer sync now continues other uploads if one upload failed. The exit code in such situations is
still non-zero.

• Add partial_sync option to pair section. See the config docs <#partial-sync-def>.

• Vdirsyncer will now warn if there's a string without quotes in your config. Please file issues if you
find documentation that uses unquoted strings.

• Fix an issue that would break khal's config setup wizard.

Version 0.13.1
released on 30 September 2016

• Fix a bug that would completely break collection discovery.

Version 0.13.0
released on 29 September 2016

• Python 2 is no longer supported at all. See issue #219 <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/
219>.

• Config sections are now checked for duplicate names. This also means that you cannot have a storage
section [storage foo] and a pair [pair foo] in your config, they have to have different names. This is
done such that console output is always unambiguous. See issue #459 <https://github.com/pimutils/
vdirsyncer/issues/459>.

• Custom commands can now be used for conflict resolution during sync. See issue #127 <https://github
.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/127>.

• http <#storage-http> now completely ignores UIDs. This avoids a lot of unnecessary down- and uploads.

Version 0.12.1
released on 20 August 2016

• Fix a crash for Google and DAV storages. See pull request #492 <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/
pull/492>.

• Fix an URL-encoding problem with DavMail. See issue #491 <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/
issues/491>.

Version 0.12
released on 19 August 2016

• singlefile <#storage-singlefile> now supports collections. See pull request #488 <https://github.com/
pimutils/vdirsyncer/pull/488>.

Version 0.11.3
released on 29 July 2016

• Default value of auth parameter was changed from guess to basic to resolve issues with the Apple
Calendar Server (issue #457 <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/457>) and improve
performance. See issue #461 <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/461>.

• Packagers: The click-threading requirement is now >=0.2. It was incorrect before. See issue #478
<https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/478>.

• Fix a bug in the DAV XML parsing code that would make vdirsyncer crash on certain input. See issue #480
<https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/480>.

• Redirect chains should now be properly handled when resolving well-known URLs. See pull request #481
<https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/pull/481>.

Version 0.11.2
released on 15 June 2016

• Fix typo that would break tests.

Version 0.11.1
released on 15 June 2016

• Fix a bug in collection validation.

• Fix a cosmetic bug in debug output.

• Various documentation improvements.

Version 0.11.0
released on 19 May 2016

• Discovery is no longer automatically done when running vdirsyncer sync. vdirsyncer discover now has to
be explicitly called.

• Add a .plist example for Mac OS X.

• Usage under Python 2 now requires a special config parameter to be set.

• Various deprecated configuration parameters do no longer have specialized errormessages. The generic
error message for unknown parameters is shown.

• Vdirsyncer no longer warns that the passwordeval parameter has been renamed to password_command.

• The keyring fetching strategy has been dropped some versions ago, but the specialized error message
has been dropped.

• An old status format from version 0.4 is no longer supported. If you're experiencing problems, just
delete your status folder.

Version 0.10.0
released on 23 April 2016

• New storage types google_calendar <#storage-google_calendar> and google_contacts <#
storage-google_contacts> have been added.

• New global command line option --config, to specify an alternative config file. See issue #409
<https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/409>.

• The collections parameter can now be used to synchronize differently-named collections with each other.

• Packagers: The lxml dependency has been dropped.

• XML parsing is now a lot stricter. Malfunctioning servers that used to work with vdirsyncer may stop
working.

Version 0.9.3
released on 22 March 2016

• singlefile <#storage-singlefile> and http <#storage-http> now handle recurring events properly.

• Fix a typo in the packaging guidelines.

• Moved to pimutils organization on GitHub. Old links should redirect, but be aware of client software
that doesn't properly handle redirects.

Version 0.9.2
released on 13 March 2016

• Fixed testsuite for environments that don't have any web browser installed. See pull request #384
<https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/pull/384>.

Version 0.9.1
released on 13 March 2016

• Removed leftover debug print statement in vdirsyncer discover, see commit
3d856749f37639821b148238ef35f1acba82db36.

• metasync will now strip whitespace from the start and the end of the values. See issue #358 <https://
github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/358>.

• New Packaging Guidelines have been added to the documentation.

Version 0.9.0
released on 15 February 2016

• The collections parameter is now required in pair configurations. Vdirsyncer will tell you what to do
in its error message. See issue #328 <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/328>.

Version 0.8.1
released on 30 January 2016

• Fix error messages when invalid parameter fetching strategy is used. This is important because users
would receive awkward errors for using deprecated keyring fetching.

Version 0.8.0
released on 27 January 2016

• Keyring support has been removed, which means that password.fetch = ["keyring", "example.com",
"myuser"] doesn't work anymore.

For existing setups: Use password.fetch = ["command", "keyring", "get", "example.com", "myuser"]
instead, which is more generic. See the documentation for details.

• Now emitting a warning when running under Python 2. See issue #219 <https://github.com/pimutils/
vdirsyncer/issues/219>.

Version 0.7.5
released on 23 December 2015

• Fixed a bug in remotestorage that would try to open a CLI browser for OAuth.

• Fix a packaging bug that would prevent vdirsyncer from working with newer lxml versions.

Version 0.7.4
released on 22 December 2015

• Improved error messages instead of faulty server behavior, see issue #290 <https://github.com/pimutils/
vdirsyncer/issues/290> and issue #300 <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/300>.

• Safer shutdown of threadpool, avoid exceptions, see issue #291 <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/
issues/291>.

• Fix a sync bug for read-only storages see commit ed22764921b2e5bf6a934cf14aa9c5fede804d8e.

• Etag changes are no longer sufficient to trigger sync operations. An actual content change is also
necessary. See issue #257 <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/257>.

• remotestorage now automatically opens authentication dialogs in your configured GUI browser.

• Packagers: lxml>=3.1 is now required (newer lower-bound version).

Version 0.7.3
released on 05 November 2015

• Make remotestorage-dependencies actually optional.

Version 0.7.2
released on 05 November 2015

• Un-break testsuite.

Version 0.7.1
released on 05 November 2015

• Packagers: The setuptools extras keyring and remotestorage have been added. They're basically optional
dependencies. See setup.py for more details.

• Highly experimental remoteStorage support has been added. It may be completely overhauled or even
removed in any version.

• Removed mentions of old password_command in documentation.

Version 0.7.0
released on 27 October 2015

• Packagers: New dependencies are click_threading, click_log and click>=5.0.

• password_command is gone. Keyring support got completely overhauled. See Storing passwords <>.

Version 0.6.0
released on 06 August 2015

• password_command invocations with non-zero exit code are now fatal (and will abort synchronization)
instead of just producing a warning.

• Vdirsyncer is now able to synchronize metadata of collections. Set metadata = ["displayname"] and run
vdirsyncer metasync.

• Packagers: Don't use the GitHub tarballs, but the PyPI ones.

• Packagers: build.sh is gone, and Makefile is included in tarballs. See the content of Makefile on how
to run tests post-packaging.

• verify_fingerprint doesn't automatically disable verify anymore.

Version 0.5.2
released on 15 June 2015

• Vdirsyncer now checks and corrects the permissions of status files.

• Vdirsyncer is now more robust towards changing UIDs inside items.

• Vdirsyncer is now handling unicode hrefs and UIDs correctly. Software that produces non-ASCII UIDs is
broken, but apparently it exists.

Version 0.5.1
released on 29 May 2015

• N.b.: The PyPI upload of 0.5.0 is completely broken.

• Raise version of required requests-toolbelt to 0.4.0.

• Command line should be a lot faster when no work is done, e.g. for help output.

• Fix compatibility with iCloud again.

• Use only one worker if debug mode is activated.

• verify=false is now disallowed in vdirsyncer, please use verify_fingerprint instead.

• Fixed a bug where vdirsyncer's DAV storage was not using the configured useragent for collection
discovery.

Version 0.4.4
released on 12 March 2015

• Support for client certificates via the new auth_cert parameter, see issue #182 <https://github.com/
pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/182> and pull request #183 <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/pull/
183>.

• The icalendar package is no longer required.

• Several bugfixes related to collection creation.

Version 0.4.3
released on 20 February 2015

• More performance improvements to singlefile-storage.

• Add post_hook param to filesystem-storage.

• Collection creation now also works with SabreDAV-based servers, such as Baikal or ownCloud.

• Removed some workarounds for Radicale. Upgrading to the latest Radicale will fix the issues.

• Fixed issues with iCloud discovery.

• Vdirsyncer now includes a simple repair command that seeks to fix some broken items.

Version 0.4.2
released on 30 January 2015

• Vdirsyncer now respects redirects when uploading and updating items. This might fix issues with Zimbra.

• Relative status_path values are now interpreted as relative to the configuration file's directory.

• Fixed compatibility with custom SabreDAV servers. See issue #166 <https://github.com/pimutils/
vdirsyncer/issues/166>.

• Catch harmless threading exceptions that occur when shutting down vdirsyncer. See issue #167 <https://
github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/167>.

• Vdirsyncer now depends on atomicwrites.

• Massive performance improvements to singlefile-storage.

• Items with extremely long UIDs should now be saved properly in filesystem-storage. See issue #173
<https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/173>.

Version 0.4.1
released on 05 January 2015

• All create arguments from all storages are gone. Vdirsyncer now asks if it should try to create
collections.

• The old config values True, False, on, off and None are now invalid.

• UID conflicts are now properly handled instead of ignoring one item. Card- and CalDAV servers are
already supposed to take care of those though.

• Official Baikal support added.

Version 0.4.0
released on 31 December 2014

• The passwordeval parameter has been renamed to password_command.

• The old way of writing certain config values such as lists is now gone.

• Collection discovery has been rewritten. Old configuration files should be compatible with it, but
vdirsyncer now caches the results of the collection discovery. You have to run vdirsyncer discover if
collections were added or removed on one side.

• Pair and storage names are now restricted to certain characters. Vdirsyncer will issue a clear error
message if your configuration file is invalid in that regard.

• Vdirsyncer now supports the XDG-Basedir specification. If the VDIRSYNCER_CONFIG environment variable
isn't set and the ~/.vdirsyncer/config file doesn't exist, it will look for the configuration file at
$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/vdirsyncer/config.

• Some improvements to CardDAV and CalDAV discovery, based on problems found with FastMail. Support for
.well-known-URIs has been added.

Version 0.3.4
released on 8 December 2014

• Some more bugfixes to config handling.

Version 0.3.3
released on 8 December 2014

• Vdirsyncer now also works with iCloud. Particularly collection discovery and etag handling were fixed.

• Vdirsyncer now encodes Cal- and CardDAV requests differently. This hasn't been well-tested with servers
like Zimbra or SoGo, but isn't expected to cause any problems.

• Vdirsyncer is now more robust regarding invalid responses from CalDAV servers. This should help with
future compatibility with Davmail/Outlook.

• Fix a bug when specifying item_types of caldav <#storage-caldav> in the deprecated config format.

• Fix a bug where vdirsyncer would ignore all but one character specified in unsafe_href_chars of caldav
<#storage-caldav> and carddav <#storage-carddav>.

Version 0.3.2
released on 3 December 2014

• The current config format has been deprecated, and support for it will be removed in version 0.4.0.
Vdirsyncer warns about this now.

Version 0.3.1
released on 24 November 2014

• Fixed a bug where vdirsyncer would delete items if they're deleted on side A but modified on side B.
Instead vdirsyncer will now upload the new items to side A. See issue #128 <https://github.com/
pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/128>.

• Synchronization continues with the remaining pairs if one pair crashes, see issue #121 <https://github
.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/121>.

• The processes config key is gone. There is now a --max-workers option on the CLI which has a similar
purpose. See pull request #126 <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/pull/126>.

• The Read The Docs-theme is no longer required for building the docs. If it is not installed, the
default theme will be used. See issue #134 <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/134>.

Version 0.3.0
released on 20 September 2014

• Add verify_fingerprint parameter to http <#storage-http>, caldav <#storage-caldav> and carddav <#
storage-carddav>, see issue #99 <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/99> and pull request
#106 <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/pull/106>.

• Add passwordeval parameter to General Section <#general-config>, see issue #108 <https://github.com/
pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/108> and pull request #117 <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/pull/
117>.

• Emit warnings (instead of exceptions) about certain invalid responses from the server, see issue #113
<https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/113>. This is apparently required for compatibility
with Davmail.

Version 0.2.5
released on 27 August 2014

• Don't ask for the password of one server more than once and fix multiple concurrency issues, see issue
#101 <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/101>.

• Better validation of DAV endpoints.

Version 0.2.4
released on 18 August 2014

• Include workaround for collection discovery with latest version of Radicale.

• Include metadata files such as the changelog or license in source distribution, see issue #97 <https://
github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/97> and issue #98 <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/
issues/98>.

Version 0.2.3
released on 11 August 2014

• Vdirsyncer now has a --version flag, see issue #92 <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/92>.

• Fix a lot of bugs related to special characters in URLs, see issue #49 <https://github.com/pimutils/
vdirsyncer/issues/49>.

Version 0.2.2
released on 04 August 2014

• Remove a security check that caused problems with special characters in DAV URLs and certain servers.
On top of that, the security check was nonsensical. See issue #87 <https://github.com/pimutils/
vdirsyncer/issues/87> and issue #91 <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/91>.

• Change some errors to warnings, see issue #88 <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/88>.

• Improve collection autodiscovery for servers without full support.

Version 0.2.1
released on 05 July 2014

• Fix bug where vdirsyncer shows empty addressbooks when using CardDAV with Zimbra.

• Fix infinite loop when password doesn't exist in system keyring.

• Colorized errors, warnings and debug messages.

• vdirsyncer now depends on the click package instead of argvard.

Version 0.2.0
released on 12 June 2014

• vdirsyncer now depends on the icalendar package from PyPI, to get rid of its own broken parser.

• vdirsyncer now also depends on requests_toolbelt. This makes it possible to guess the authentication
type instead of blankly assuming basic.

• Fix a semi-bug in caldav and carddav storages where a tuple (href, etag) instead of the proper etag
would have been returned from the upload method. vdirsyncer might do unnecessary copying when
upgrading to this version.

• Add the storage singlefile <#storage-singlefile>. See issue #48 <https://github.com/pimutils/
vdirsyncer/issues/48>.

• The collections parameter for pair sections now accepts the special values from a and from b for
automatically discovering collections. See Pair Section <#pair-config>.

• The read_only parameter was added to storage sections. See Storage Section <#storage-config>.

Version 0.1.5
released on 14 May 2014

• Introduced changelogs

• Many bugfixes

• Many doc fixes

• vdirsyncer now doesn't necessarily need UIDs anymore for synchronization.

• vdirsyncer now aborts if one collection got completely emptied between synchronizations. See issue #42
<https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/42>.

CREDITS AND LICENSE

   Contributors
       In alphabetical order:

       • Ben Boeckel

       • Bleala

       • Christian Geier

       • Clément Mondon

       • Corey Hinshaw

       • Kai Herlemann

       • Hugo Osvaldo Barrera

       • Jason Cox

       • Julian Mehne

       • Malte Kiefer

       • Marek Marczykowski-Górecki

       • Markus Unterwaditzer

       • Michael Adler

       • rEnr3n

       • Thomas Weißschuh

       • Witcher01

       Special thanks goes to:

       • FastMail <https://github.com/pimutils/vdirsyncer/issues/571> sponsors a paid account for testing  their
         servers.

       • Packagecloud <https://packagecloud.io/> provide repositories for vdirsyncer's Debian packages.

   License

DONATIONS

       vdirsyncer  is  and  will always be free and open source software. We appreciate sponsors willing to fund
       our continued work on it.

       If you found my work useful, please consider donating. Thank you!

       • Bitcoin: 13p42uWDL62bNRH3KWA6cSpSgvnHy1fs2E.

       • Sponsor via one-time tips or recurring donations via Ko-fi <https://ko-fi.com/whynothugo>.

       • Sponsor via recurring donations via liberapay <https://liberapay.com/WhyNotHugo/>.

Author

       Markus Unterwaditzer

Copyright

       2014-2025, Markus Unterwaditzer & contributors

0.20                                              Sep 09, 2025                                     VDIRSYNCER(1)

NAME

WHEN DO I NEED VDIRSYNCER?

INSTALLATION

TUTORIAL

SSL AND CERTIFICATE VALIDATION

STORING PASSWORDS

SYNCING WITH READ-ONLY STORAGES

FULL CONFIGURATION MANUAL

OTHER TUTORIALS

KNOWN PROBLEMS

CONTRIBUTING TO THIS PROJECT

THE VDIR STORAGE FORMAT

PACKAGING GUIDELINES

SUPPORT AND CONTACT

CHANGELOG

CREDITS AND LICENSE

DONATIONS

Author

Copyright