Provided by: libpcp4-dev_7.0.2-1_amd64 
NAME
pmtracebegin, pmtraceend, pmtraceabort, pmtracepoint, pmtraceobs, pmtracecounter, pmtracestate,
pmtraceerrstr - application-level performance instrumentation services
C SYNOPSIS
#include <pcp/trace.h>
int pmtracebegin(const char *tag);
int pmtraceend(const char *tag);
int pmtraceabort(const char *tag);
int pmtracepoint(const char *tag);
int pmtraceobs(const char *tag, double value);
int pmtracecounter(const char *tag, double value);
char *pmtraceerrstr(int code);
int pmtracestate(int flags);
cc ... -lpcp_trace
FORTRAN SYNOPSIS
character*(*) tag
integer code
integer flags
integer state
character*(*) estr
real*8 value
code = pmtracebegin(tag)
code = pmtraceend(tag)
code = pmtraceabort(tag)
code = pmtracepoint(tag)
code = pmtraceobs(tag, value)
code = pmtracecounter(tag, value)
pmtraceerrstr(code, estr)
state = pmtracestate(flags)
f77 ... -lpcp_trace or f90 ... -lpcp_trace
JAVA SYNOPSIS
import sgi.pcp.trace;
int trace.pmtracebegin(String tag);
int trace.pmtraceend(String tag);
int trace.pmtraceabort(String tag);
int trace.pmtracepoint(String tag);
int trace.pmtraceobs(String tag, double value);
int trace.pmtracecounter(String tag, double value);
String trace.pmtraceerrstr(int code);
int trace.pmtracestate(int flags);
DESCRIPTION
The pcp_trace library functions provide a mechanism for identifying sections of a program as transactions
or events for use by the trace Performance Metrics Domain Agent (refer to pmdatrace(1) and PMDA(3)).
The monitoring of transactions using the Performance Co-Pilot (PCP) infrastructure is initiated through a
call to pmtracebegin. Time will be recorded from the end of each pmtracebegin call to the start of the
following call to pmtraceend, where the same tag identifier is used in both calls. Following from this,
no visible recording will occur until at least one call to pmtraceend is made referencing a tag previous‐
ly used in a call to pmtracebegin.
A transaction which is currently in progress can be cancelled by calling pmtraceabort. No transaction
data gathered for that particular transaction will be exported, although data from previous and subse‐
quent successful transactions with that tag name are still exported. This is most useful when an error
condition arises during transaction processing and the transaction does not run to completion.
The tag argument to pmtracebegin, pmtraceend and pmtraceabort is used to uniquely identify each transac‐
tion within the pcp_trace library and later by the trace PMDA as the instance domain identifiers for the
transaction performance metrics which it exports. These routines are most useful when used around blocks
of code which are likely to be executed a number of times over some relatively long time period (in a
daemon process, for example).
pmtracebegin has two distinct roles - firstly as the initiator of a new transaction, and secondly as a
mechanism for setting a new start time. Similarly, pmtraceend is used to register a new tag and its ini‐
tial state with the trace PMDA, or alternatively to update the statistics which the PMDA currently asso‐
ciates with the given tag.
A second form of program instrumentation can be obtained from pmtracepoint. This is a simpler form of
monitoring as it exports only the number of times that a particular point in a program has been passed.
This differs to the transaction monitoring offered by pmtracebegin and pmtraceend, which exports a run‐
ning count of successful transaction completions as well as statistics on the time interval between the
start and end points of each transaction. This function is most useful when start and end points are not
well defined. Examples of this would be when the code branches in such a way that a transaction cannot
be clearly identified, or when processing does not follow a transactional model, or the desired instru‐
mentation is akin to event rates rather than event service times.
The pmtraceobs and pmtracecounter functions have similar semantics to pmtracepoint, but also allow an ar‐
bitrary numeric value to be passed to the trace PMDA. The most recent value for each tag is then immedi‐
ately available from the PMDA. The only difference between pmtraceobs and pmtracecounter is that the
value exported via pmtracecounter is assumed to be a monotonically increasing counter value (e.g. the
number of bytes read from a socket), whereas the value exported via pmtraceobs can be any value at all.
pmtracestate allows the application to set state flags which are honoured by subsequent calls to the
pcp_trace library routines. There are currently two types of flag - debugging flags and the asynchronous
protocol flag. A single call may specify a number of flags together, combined using a (bitwise) logical
OR operation, and overrides the previous state setting.
The debugging flags to pmtracestate cause pcp_trace to print diagnostic messages on the standard output
stream at important processing points. The default protocol used between the trace PMDA and individual
pcp_trace client applications is a synchronous protocol, which allows for dropped connections to be
reestablished at a later stage should this become possible. An asynchronous protocol is also available
which does not provide the reconnection capability, but which does away with much of the overhead inher‐
ent in synchronous communication. This behaviour can be toggled using the pmtracestate call, but must be
called before other calls to the library. This differs to the debugging state behaviour, which can be
altered at any time. pmtracestate returns the previous state (setting prior to being called).
The following table describes each of the pmtracestate flags - examples of the use of these flags in each
supported language are given in the demo applications (refer to the ``FILES'' section below).
┌─────────────┬───────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ State Flags │ Semantics │
├─────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ 0 NONE │ Synchronous PDUs and no diagnostics (default) │
│ 1 API │ Shows processing just below the API (debug) │
│ 2 COMMS │ Shows network-related activity (debug) │
│ 4 PDU │ Shows app<->PMDA IPC traffic (debug) │
│ 8 PDUBUF │ Shows internal IPC buffer management (debug) │
│ 16 NOAGENT │ No PMDA communications at all (debug) │
│ 32 ASYNC │ Use the asynchronous PDU protocol (control) │
└─────────────┴───────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Should any of the pcp_trace library functions return a negative value, an error has occurred. This can
be diagnosed further using the pmtraceerrstr routine, which takes the negative return value as its code
argument, and in the C-callable interface returns a pointer to the associated error message. This points
into a static error table, and should therefore not be passed to free(3). The Fortran-callable interface
has a slightly different syntax, requiring the destination character array to be passed in as the second
argument. The Java-callable interface returns a UTF-8 string, created using the JNI (Java Native Inter‐
face) routine NewStringUTF.
NOTES
The pcp_trace Java class interface has been developed and verified using version 1.1 of the Java Native
Interface (JNI) specification.
CAVEAT
Applications that use gethostbyname(3) should exercise caution because the static fields in struct hos‐
tent may not be preserved across some pcp_trace calls. In particular, pmtracebegin, pmtraceend, pmtrace‐
point, pmtracecounter, and pmtraceobs may all call gethostbyname(3) internally.
DIAGNOSTICS
A negative return value from a pcp_trace function indicates that an error has occurred - if this is the
case, the return value can be passed to pmtraceerrstr to obtain the associated error message.
Success is indicated by a return value of zero.
pmtracestate also returns an integer representing the state flags which were set prior to the call.
FILES
$PCP_DEMOS_DIR/trace/*.c
Sample C programs and source for pmtrace(1). Use make(1) to build these programs.
$PCP_DEMOS_DIR/trace/fapp1.f
Sample Fortran program. Call `make fortran77' or `make fortran90' to build this program.
$PCP_DEMOS_DIR/trace/japp1.java
Sample Java program. `make java' builds the java class file.
/usr/java/classes/sgi/pcp/trace.java
Java trace class definition.
ENVIRONMENT
The pcp_trace routines communicate with the trace PMDA via a socket connection, which by default uses
TCP/IP port number 4323. This can be over-ridden by setting PCP_TRACE_PORT to a different port number
when the application is started. The host where the trace PMDA is running is by default the localhost,
but this can be changed using PCP_TRACE_HOST. When attempting to connect to a remote trace PMDA, after
some specified time interval has elapsed, the connection attempt will be aborted and an error status will
be returned. The default timeout interval is 3 seconds, and this can be modified by setting
PCP_TRACE_TIMEOUT in the environment to a real number of seconds for the desired timeout. This is most
useful in cases where the remote host is at the end of a slow network, requiring longer latencies to es‐
tablish the connection correctly.
PCP ENVIRONMENT
Environment variables with the prefix PCP_ are used to parameterize the file and directory names used by
PCP. On each installation, the file /etc/pcp.conf contains the local values for these variables. The
$PCP_CONF variable may be used to specify an alternative configuration file, as described in pcp.conf(5).
Values for these variables may be obtained programmatically using the pmGetConfig(3) function.
SEE ALSO
file:$PCP_DOC_DIR/Tutorial/trace.html, pcp.man.tutorial, Provided the, make(1), pmcd(1), pmdatrace(1),
pmprobe(1), pmtrace(1), Relevant information is also available from the on-line PCP Tutorial.
Performance Co-Pilot PCP PMTRACE(3)