الاسم

مثال تزامني

يحل البرنامج أدناه ببساطة عدة أسماء مضيفين بالتوازي، مما يُعطي تسريعًا مقارنة بحل أسماء المضيفين تسلسليًا باستخدام getaddrinfo(3). يمكن استخدام البرنامج هكذا:

$ ./a.out mirrors.kernel.org enoent.linuxfoundation.org gnu.org;
mirrors.kernel.org: 139.178.88.99
enoent.linuxfoundation.org: Name or service not known
gnu.org: 209.51.188.116

هذا هو الكود المصدري للبرنامج

#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <err.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define MALLOC(n, type)  ((type *) reallocarray(NULL, n, sizeof(type)))
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int ret;
    struct gaicb *reqs[argc - 1];
    char host[NI_MAXHOST];
    struct addrinfo *res;
    if (argc < 2) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s HOST...\n", argv[0]);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    for (size_t i = 0; i < argc - 1; i++) {
        reqs[i] = MALLOC(1, struct gaicb);
        if (reqs[i] == NULL)
            err(EXIT_FAILURE, "malloc");
        memset(reqs[i], 0, sizeof(*reqs[0]));
        reqs[i]->ar_name = argv[i + 1];
    }
    ret = getaddrinfo_a(GAI_WAIT, reqs, argc - 1, NULL);
    if (ret != 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "getaddrinfo_a() failed: %s\n",
                gai_strerror(ret));
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    for (size_t i = 0; i < argc - 1; i++) {
        printf("%s: ", reqs[i]->ar_name);
        ret = gai_error(reqs[i]);
        if (ret == 0) {
            res = reqs[i]->ar_result;
            ret = getnameinfo(res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen,
                              host, sizeof(host),
                              NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST);
            if (ret != 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, "getnameinfo() failed: %s\n",
                        gai_strerror(ret));
                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
            }
            puts(host);
        } else {
            puts(gai_strerror(ret));
        }
    }
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

مثال لاتزامني

يُظهر هذا المثال واجهة أمامية تفاعلية بسيطة لـ getaddrinfo_a(). لم يُوضَّح مرفق الإشعار.

قد تبدو جلسة مثال هكذا:

$ ./a.out;
> a mirrors.kernel.org enoent.linuxfoundation.org gnu.org
> c 2
[2] gnu.org: Request not canceled
> w 0 1
[00] mirrors.kernel.org: Finished
> l
[00] mirrors.kernel.org: 139.178.88.99
[01] enoent.linuxfoundation.org: Processing request in progress
[02] gnu.org: 209.51.188.116
> l
[00] mirrors.kernel.org: 139.178.88.99
[01] enoent.linuxfoundation.org: Name or service not known
[02] gnu.org: 209.51.188.116

المصدر البرمجي للبرنامج كما يلي:

#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <assert.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define CALLOC(n, type)  ((type *) calloc(n, sizeof(type)))
#define REALLOCF(ptr, n, type)                                          \
({                                                                      \
    static_assert(__builtin_types_compatible_p(typeof(ptr), type *));   \
                                                                        \
    (type *) reallocarrayf(ptr, n, sizeof(type));                       \
})
static struct gaicb **reqs = NULL;
static size_t nreqs = 0;
static inline void *
reallocarrayf(void *p, size_t n, size_t size)
{
    void  *q;
    q = reallocarray(p, n, size);
    if (q == NULL && n != 0 && size != 0)
        free(p);
    return q;
}
static char *
getcmd(void)
{
    static char buf[256];
    fputs("> ", stdout);
    fflush(stdout);
    if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) == NULL)
        return NULL;
    if (buf[strlen(buf) - 1] == '\n')
        buf[strlen(buf) - 1] = 0;
    return buf;
}
/* Add requests for specified hostnames.  */
static void
add_requests(void)
{
    size_t nreqs_base = nreqs;
    char *host;
    int ret;
    while ((host = strtok(NULL, " "))) {
        nreqs++;
        reqs = REALLOCF(reqs, nreqs, struct gaicb *);
        if (reqs == NULL)
            err(EXIT_FAILURE, "reallocf");
        reqs[nreqs - 1] = CALLOC(1, struct gaicb);
        if (reqs[nreqs - 1] == NULL)
            err(EXIT_FAILURE, "calloc");
        reqs[nreqs - 1]->ar_name = strdup(host);
    }
    /* Queue nreqs_base..nreqs requests.  */
    ret = getaddrinfo_a(GAI_NOWAIT, &reqs[nreqs_base],
                        nreqs - nreqs_base, NULL);
    if (ret) {
        fprintf(stderr, "getaddrinfo_a() failed: %s\n",
                gai_strerror(ret));
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
}
/* Wait until at least one of specified requests completes.  */
static void
wait_requests(void)
{
    char *id;
    int ret;
    size_t n;
    struct gaicb const **wait_reqs;
    wait_reqs = CALLOC(nreqs, const struct gaicb *);
    if (wait_reqs == NULL)
        err(EXIT_FAILURE, "calloc");
                /* NULL elements are ignored by gai_suspend().  */
    while ((id = strtok(NULL, " ")) != NULL) {
        n = atoi(id);
        if (n >= nreqs) {
            printf("Bad request number: %s\n", id);
            return;
        }
        wait_reqs[n] = reqs[n];
    }
    ret = gai_suspend(wait_reqs, nreqs, NULL);
    if (ret) {
        printf("gai_suspend(): %s\n", gai_strerror(ret));
        return;
    }
    for (size_t i = 0; i < nreqs; i++) {
        if (wait_reqs[i] == NULL)
            continue;
        ret = gai_error(reqs[i]);
        if (ret == EAI_INPROGRESS)
            continue;
        printf("[%02zu] %s: %s\n", i, reqs[i]->ar_name,
               ret == 0 ? "Finished" : gai_strerror(ret));
    }
}
/* Cancel specified requests.  */
static void
cancel_requests(void)
{
    char *id;
    int ret;
    size_t n;
    while ((id = strtok(NULL, " ")) != NULL) {
        n = atoi(id);
        if (n >= nreqs) {
            printf("Bad request number: %s\n", id);
            return;
        }
        ret = gai_cancel(reqs[n]);
        printf("[%s] %s: %s\n", id, reqs[atoi(id)]->ar_name,
               gai_strerror(ret));
    }
}
/* List all requests.  */
static void
list_requests(void)
{
    int ret;
    char host[NI_MAXHOST];
    struct addrinfo *res;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < nreqs; i++) {
        printf("[%02zu] %s: ", i, reqs[i]->ar_name);
        ret = gai_error(reqs[i]);
        if (!ret) {
            res = reqs[i]->ar_result;
            ret = getnameinfo(res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen,
                              host, sizeof(host),
                              NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST);
            if (ret) {
                fprintf(stderr, "getnameinfo() failed: %s\n",
                        gai_strerror(ret));
                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
            }
            puts(host);
        } else {
            puts(gai_strerror(ret));
        }
    }
}
int
main(void)
{
    char *cmdline;
    char *cmd;
    while ((cmdline = getcmd()) != NULL) {
        cmd = strtok(cmdline, " ");
        if (cmd == NULL) {
            list_requests();
        } else {
            switch (cmd[0]) {
            case 'a':
                add_requests();
                break;
            case 'w':
                wait_requests();
                break;
            case 'c':
                cancel_requests();
                break;
            case 'l':
                list_requests();
                break;
            default:
                fprintf(stderr, "Bad command: %c\n", cmd[0]);
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}