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NAME
chgrp - change the file group ownership
SYNOPSIS
chgrp [-hR] group file ...
chgrp -R [-H | -L | -P ] group file ...
DESCRIPTION
The chgrp utility shall set the group ID of the file named by each file operand to the
group ID specified by the group operand.
For each file operand, or, if the -R option is used, each file encountered while walking
the directory trees specified by the file operands, the chgrp utility shall perform
actions equivalent to the chown() function defined in the System Interfaces volume of
IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, called with the following arguments:
* The file operand shall be used as the path argument.
* The user ID of the file shall be used as the owner argument.
* The specified group ID shall be used as the group argument.
Unless chgrp is invoked by a process with appropriate privileges, the set-user-ID and set-
group-ID bits of a regular file shall be cleared upon successful completion; the set-user-
ID and set-group-ID bits of other file types may be cleared.
OPTIONS
The chgrp utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001,
Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines.
The following options shall be supported by the implementation:
-h If the system supports group IDs for symbolic links, for each file operand that
names a file of type symbolic link, chgrp shall attempt to set the group ID of the
symbolic link instead of the file referenced by the symbolic link. If the system
does not support group IDs for symbolic links, for each file operand that names a
file of type symbolic link, chgrp shall do nothing more with the current file and
shall go on to any remaining files.
-H If the -R option is specified and a symbolic link referencing a file of type
directory is specified on the command line, chgrp shall change the group of the
directory referenced by the symbolic link and all files in the file hierarchy below
it.
-L If the -R option is specified and a symbolic link referencing a file of type
directory is specified on the command line or encountered during the traversal of a
file hierarchy, chgrp shall change the group of the directory referenced by the
symbolic link and all files in the file hierarchy below it.
-P If the -R option is specified and a symbolic link is specified on the command line
or encountered during the traversal of a file hierarchy, chgrp shall change the
group ID of the symbolic link if the system supports this operation. The chgrp
utility shall not follow the symbolic link to any other part of the file hierarchy.
-R Recursively change file group IDs. For each file operand that names a directory,
chgrp shall change the group of the directory and all files in the file hierarchy
below it. Unless a -H, -L, or -P option is specified, it is unspecified which of
these options will be used as the default.
Specifying more than one of the mutually-exclusive options -H, -L, and -P shall not be
considered an error. The last option specified shall determine the behavior of the
utility.
OPERANDS
The following operands shall be supported:
group A group name from the group database or a numeric group ID. Either specifies a
group ID to be given to each file named by one of the file operands. If a numeric
group operand exists in the group database as a group name, the group ID number
associated with that group name is used as the group ID.
file A pathname of a file whose group ID is to be modified.
STDIN
Not used.
INPUT FILES
None.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
The following environment variables shall affect the execution of chgrp:
LANG Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that are unset or
null. (See the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section 8.2,
Internationalization Variables for the precedence of internationalization variables
used to determine the values of locale categories.)
LC_ALL If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the other
internationalization variables.
LC_CTYPE
Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of text data as
characters (for example, single-byte as opposed to multi-byte characters in
arguments).
LC_MESSAGES
Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and contents of
diagnostic messages written to standard error.
NLSPATH
Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of LC_MESSAGES .
ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
Default.
STDOUT
Not used.
STDERR
The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.
OUTPUT FILES
None.
EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
None.
EXIT STATUS
The following exit values shall be returned:
0 The utility executed successfully and all requested changes were made.
>0 An error occurred.
CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
Default.
The following sections are informative.
APPLICATION USAGE
Only the owner of a file or the user with appropriate privileges may change the owner or
group of a file.
Some implementations restrict the use of chgrp to a user with appropriate privileges when
the group specified is not the effective group ID or one of the supplementary group IDs of
the calling process.
EXAMPLES
None.
RATIONALE
The System V and BSD versions use different exit status codes. Some implementations used
the exit status as a count of the number of errors that occurred; this practice is
unworkable since it can overflow the range of valid exit status values. The standard
developers chose to mask these by specifying only 0 and >0 as exit values.
The functionality of chgrp is described substantially through references to chown(). In
this way, there is no duplication of effort required for describing the interactions of
permissions, multiple groups, and so on.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
None.
SEE ALSO
chmod() , chown() , the System Interfaces volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, chown()
COPYRIGHT
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form from IEEE Std
1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for Information Technology -- Portable Operating System
Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by
the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the
event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and The Open Group
Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The
original Standard can be obtained online at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .