Provided by: coreutils_8.21-1ubuntu5.4_amd64 bug

NAME

       ls - list directory contents

SYNOPSIS

       ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...

DESCRIPTION

       List  information  about  the  FILEs  (the  current  directory  by default).  Sort entries
       alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort is specified.

       Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

       -a, --all
              do not ignore entries starting with .

       -A, --almost-all
              do not list implied . and ..

       --author
              with -l, print the author of each file

       -b, --escape
              print C-style escapes for nongraphic characters

       --block-size=SIZE
              scale sizes by SIZE before printing them.  E.g., '--block-size=M' prints  sizes  in
              units of 1,048,576 bytes.  See SIZE format below.

       -B, --ignore-backups
              do not list implied entries ending with ~

       -c     with  -lt:  sort  by,  and  show,  ctime  (time of last modification of file status
              information) with -l: show ctime and sort by name otherwise: sort by ctime,  newest
              first

       -C     list entries by columns

       --color[=WHEN]
              colorize  the output.  WHEN defaults to 'always' or can be 'never' or 'auto'.  More
              info below

       -d, --directory
              list directory entries instead of contents, and do not dereference symbolic links

       -D, --dired
              generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode

       -f     do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color

       -F, --classify
              append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries

       --file-type
              likewise, except do not append '*'

       --format=WORD
              across -x, commas -m,  horizontal  -x,  long  -l,  single-column  -1,  verbose  -l,
              vertical -C

       --full-time
              like -l --time-style=full-iso

       -g     like -l, but do not list owner

       --group-directories-first
              group directories before files.

              augment with a --sort option, but any use of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping

       -G, --no-group
              in a long listing, don't print group names

       -h, --human-readable
              with -l, print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)

       --si   likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024

       -H, --dereference-command-line
              follow symbolic links listed on the command line

       --dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir
              follow each command line symbolic link that points to a directory

       --hide=PATTERN
              do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN (overridden by -a or -A)

       --indicator-style=WORD
              append  indicator  with  style  WORD  to  entry  names: none (default), slash (-p),
              file-type (--file-type), classify (-F)

       -i, --inode
              print the index number of each file

       -I, --ignore=PATTERN
              do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN

       -k, --kibibytes
              use 1024-byte blocks

       -l     use a long listing format

       -L, --dereference
              when showing file information for a symbolic link, show information  for  the  file
              the link references rather than for the link itself

       -m     fill width with a comma separated list of entries

       -n, --numeric-uid-gid
              like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs

       -N, --literal
              print raw entry names (don't treat e.g. control characters specially)

       -o     like -l, but do not list group information

       -p, --indicator-style=slash
              append / indicator to directories

       -q, --hide-control-chars
              print ? instead of non graphic characters

       --show-control-chars
              show  non  graphic characters as-is (default unless program is 'ls' and output is a
              terminal)

       -Q, --quote-name
              enclose entry names in double quotes

       --quoting-style=WORD
              use quoting style WORD for entry names: literal, locale,  shell,  shell-always,  c,
              escape

       -r, --reverse
              reverse order while sorting

       -R, --recursive
              list subdirectories recursively

       -s, --size
              print the allocated size of each file, in blocks

       -S     sort by file size

       --sort=WORD
              sort by WORD instead of name: none -U, extension -X, size -S, time -t, version -v

       --time=WORD
              with  -l,  show time as WORD instead of modification time: atime -u, access -u, use
              -u, ctime -c, or status -c; use specified time as sort key if --sort=time

       --time-style=STYLE
              with -l, show times using style STYLE: full-iso, long-iso,  iso,  locale,  +FORMAT.
              FORMAT  is  interpreted  like 'date'; if FORMAT is FORMAT1<newline>FORMAT2, FORMAT1
              applies to non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files; if STYLE is prefixed  with
              'posix-', STYLE takes effect only outside the POSIX locale

       -t     sort by modification time, newest first

       -T, --tabsize=COLS
              assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8

       -u     with -lt: sort by, and show, access time with -l: show access time and sort by name
              otherwise: sort by access time

       -U     do not sort; list entries in directory order

       -v     natural sort of (version) numbers within text

       -w, --width=COLS
              assume screen width instead of current value

       -x     list entries by lines instead of by columns

       -X     sort alphabetically by entry extension

       -Z, --context
              print any SELinux security context of each file

       -1     list one file per line

       --help display this help and exit

       --version
              output version information and exit

       SIZE is an integer and optional unit (example: 10M is 10*1024*1024).  Units are K,  M,  G,
       T, P, E, Z, Y (powers of 1024) or KB, MB, ... (powers of 1000).

       Using  color to distinguish file types is disabled both by default and with --color=never.
       With --color=auto, ls emits color codes only  when  standard  output  is  connected  to  a
       terminal.   The LS_COLORS environment variable can change the settings.  Use the dircolors
       command to set it.

   Exit status:
       0      if OK,

       1      if minor problems (e.g., cannot access subdirectory),

       2      if serious trouble (e.g., cannot access command-line argument).

AUTHOR

       Written by Richard M. Stallman and David MacKenzie.

REPORTING BUGS

       Report ls bugs to bug-coreutils@gnu.org
       GNU coreutils home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
       General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>
       Report ls translation bugs to <http://translationproject.org/team/>

COPYRIGHT

       Copyright © 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.  License GPLv3+:  GNU  GPL  version  3  or
       later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
       This  is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.  There is NO WARRANTY,
       to the extent permitted by law.

SEE ALSO

       The full documentation for ls is maintained as a Texinfo  manual.   If  the  info  and  ls
       programs are properly installed at your site, the command

              info coreutils 'ls invocation'

       should give you access to the complete manual.