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NAME

       marc2ris - converts MARC bibliographic data to the RIS format

SYNOPSIS

       marc2ris [-e log-destination] [-h] [-l log-level] [-L log-file] [-m] [-o outfile]
                [-O outfile] [-t input_type] [-u t|f] file

DESCRIPTION

       marc2ris attempts to extract the information useful to RefDB from MARC datasets.  MARC
       (Machine Readable Catalogue Format) is a standard originating from the 1960s and is widely
       used by libraries and bibliographic agencies. Most libraries that offer Z39.50 access can
       provide the records in at least one MARC format (like with most other "standards" there's
       a couple to choose from). Currently the following MARC dialects are supported:

       MARC21
           This is an attempt to consolidate existing MARC variants (mainly USMARC and CANMARC)
           and will most likely be the format supported by all libraries in the near future. The
           format is described on the Library of Congress MARC pages[1].

       UNIMARC
           This is the European equivalent of a standardization attempt. The specification can be
           found here[2].

       UKMARC
           This format is fairly close to the USMARC variant and is mainly used by libraries in
           the United Kingdom and in Ireland. Libraries supporting this format may switch to
           MARC21 in the future. Unfortunately there is no online description of this format, but
           this PDF document[3] describes the main differences between USMARC and UKMARC.

OPTIONS

       By default the script reads USMARC data from stdin and sends RIS data to stdout.

       -e log-destination
           log-destination can have the values 0, 1, or 2, or the equivalent strings stderr,
           syslog, or file, respectively. This value specifies where the log information goes to.
           0 (zero) means the messages are sent to stderr. They are immediately available on the
           screen but they may interfere with command output.  1 will send the output to the
           syslog facility. Keep in mind that syslog must be configured to accept log messages
           from user programs, see the syslog(8) man page for further information. Unix-like
           systems usually save these messages in /var/log/user.log.  2 will send the messages to
           a custom log file which can be specified with the -L option.

       -h
           Displays help and usage screen, then exits.

       -l log-level
           Specify the priority up to which events are logged. This is either a number between 0
           and 7 or one of the strings emerg, alert, crit, err, warning, notice, info, debug,
           respectively (see also Log level definitions).  -1 disables logging completely. A low
           log level like 0 means that only the most critical messages are logged. A higher log
           level means that less critical events are logged as well.  7 will include debug
           messages. The latter can be verbose and abundant, so you want to avoid this log level
           unless you need to track down problems.

       -L log-file
           Specify the full path to a log file that will receive the log messages. Typically this
           would be /var/log/refdba.

       -m
           Switch on additional MARC output. The output data will be the RIS output interspersed
           with the source MARC data used to generate the output. This is useful to fix
           conversion errors manually.

       -o file
           Send output to file. If file exists, its contents will be overwritten.

       -O file
           Send output to file. If file exists, the output will be appended.

       -t input_type
           Specify the MARC input type. The default is MARC21. Other available types are UNIMARC
           and UKMARC.

       -u t|f
           Request Unicode output if set to "t" (this is the default). marc2ris attempts to
           convert the input data into Unicode (unless the dataset explicitly states that it
           already uses Unicode). If the conversion does not seem to work, set this to "f" as
           some MARC variants do not state the character encoding explicitly.

CONFIGURATION

       marc2ris evaluates the file marc2risrc to initialize itself.

       Table 1. marc2risrc
       ┌──────────┬──────────────────────┬──────────────────────────┐
       │VariableDefaultComment                  │
       ├──────────┼──────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
       │outfile   │ (none)               │ The default output file  │
       │          │                      │ name.                    │
       ├──────────┼──────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
       │outappend │ t                    │ Determines whether       │
       │          │                      │ output is appended (t)   │
       │          │                      │ to an existing file or   │
       │          │                      │ overwrites (f) an        │
       │          │                      │ existing file.           │
       ├──────────┼──────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
       │unmapped  │ t                    │ If set to t, unknown     │
       │          │                      │ tags in the input data   │
       │          │                      │ will be output following │
       │          │                      │ a <unmapped> tag; the    │
       │          │                      │ resulting data can be    │
       │          │                      │ inspected and then be    │
       │          │                      │ sent through sed to      │
       │          │                      │ strip off these          │
       │          │                      │ additional lines. If set │
       │          │                      │ to f, unknown tags will  │
       │          │                      │ be gracefully ignored.   │
       ├──────────┼──────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
       │logfile   │ /var/log/med2ris.log │ The full path of a       │
       │          │                      │ custom log file. This is │
       │          │                      │ used only if logdest is  │
       │          │                      │ set appropriately.       │
       ├──────────┼──────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
       │logdest   │ 1                    │ The destination of the   │
       │          │                      │ log information. 0 =     │
       │          │                      │ print to stderr; 1 = use │
       │          │                      │ the syslog facility; 2 = │
       │          │                      │ use a custom logfile.    │
       │          │                      │ The latter needs a       │
       │          │                      │ proper setting of        │
       │          │                      │ logfile.                 │
       ├──────────┼──────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
       │loglevel  │ 6                    │ The log level up to      │
       │          │                      │ which messages will be   │
       │          │                      │ sent. A low setting (0)  │
       │          │                      │ allows only the most     │
       │          │                      │ important messages, a    │
       │          │                      │ high setting (7) allows  │
       │          │                      │ all messages including   │
       │          │                      │ debug messages. -1 means │
       │          │                      │ nothing will be logged.  │
       └──────────┴──────────────────────┴──────────────────────────┘

DATA PROCESSING

       The purpose of the MARC format is entirely different from the purpose of the RIS format,
       so you shouldn't be too surprised that the import of MARC data is somewhat rough at the
       edges. The filter apparently deals fine with quite a lot of datasets, but the following
       shortcomings are known (and more are likely to be discovered by the interested reader):

       •   Some fields, like 846, are currently ignored completely. This, of course, is bound to
           change.

       •   Author names specified in the natural order, i.e. something like First Middle Last,
           are not normalized due to the problems with multiple middle or last names. Author
           names in the inverse order, i.e. something like Last, First Middle, are normalized
           correctly in most cases. Handling of non-European names is a matter of trial and
           error.

       •   Character set handling is somewhat limited. Only the unaltered input character
           encoding or UTF-8 are available for the output data.

       That said, there is still some hope. The -m command line option switches on additional
       MARC output. That is, the generated output will contain interspersed lines that show the
       contents of the original MARC fields used to generate the following RIS line or lines. For
       example, the following output snippet shows how marc2ris generated the author lines from
       the MARC input:

           <marc>empty author field (100)
           <marc>:Author(Ind1): 1
           <marc>:Author($a): Ershov, A. P.
           <marc>:Author($b):
           <marc>:Author($c):
           <marc>:Author(Ind1): 1
           <marc>:Author($a): Knuth, Donald Ervin,
           <marc>:Author($b):
           <marc>:Author($c):
           AU  - Ershov,A.P.
           AU  - Knuth,Donald Ervin

       If you feel marc2ris does not translate your data appropriately, the easiest way might be
       to use the -m switch and redirect the output into a file. Then you can analyze the
       situation and fix the RIS lines as you see fit. Finally you can strip the MARC lines off
       with a command like:

           ~$ grep -v "<marc>" < withmarc.ris > womarc.ris

FILES

       PREFIX/etc/refdb/marc2risrc
           The global configuration file of marc2ris.

       $HOME/.marc2risrc
           The user configuration file of marc2ris.

SEE ALSO

       RefDB (7), bib2ris (1), db2ris (1), en2ris (1), med2ris (1).

       RefDB manual (local copy) PREFIX/share/doc/refdb-<version>/refdb-manual/index.html

       RefDB manual (web) <http://refdb.sourceforge.net/manual/index.html>

       RefDB on the web <http://refdb.sourceforge.net/>

AUTHOR

       marc2ris was written by Markus Hoenicka <markus@mhoenicka.de>.

NOTES

        1. Library of Congress MARC pages
           http://www.loc.gov/marc/

        2. here
           http://www.ifla.org/VI/3/p1996-1/sec-uni.htm

        3. PDF document
           [set $man.base.url.for.relative.links]/www.bl.uk/services/bibliographic/marcchange.pdf