Provided by: dist_3.5-30-3.3_all bug

NAME

       metalint - a metaconfig unit consistency checker

SYNOPSIS

       metalint [ -hklsV ] [ -L dir ]

DESCRIPTION

       Metalint parses the units and performs some extensive consistency checks, to make sure the
       whole set is sound. Due to the relatively huge amount of units available, it  is  becoming
       very  difficult  to  maintain  the units manually, and an automated process can be of real
       help, although not perfect.

       Metalint operates from within your top level package directory and is used  to  make  sure
       your  own  private  units  are  correctly relying on the publicly available units.  If you
       intensively develop new units, you should run metalint on them before making them publicly
       available.

OPTIONS

       Metalint recognizes the following set of options:

       -h             Print a short usage description and exit.

       -k             Keep temporary .MT directory.

       -l             (not implemented yet) By default, metalint only reports problems related to
                      your own private  units.  This  switch  directs  metalint  to  also  report
                      problems in publicly available units.

       -s             Silent mode.

       -L dir         Override  default  library  location.  Normally  only useful for metaconfig
                      maintainers to locally check the units  being  developped  instead  of  the
                      publicly  available ones. The dir specified is the one containing the units
                      U directory.

       -V             Print version number and exit.

DIAGNOSTICS

       The following diagnostics may be emitted by metalint:

       "(?MAKE) ignoring duplicate dependency listing line."
            More than one ?MAKE: line bearing dependencies was found in the unit.  There  may  be
            only one such line, although multiple ?MAKE action lines may occur.

       "(?MAKE) special unit 'Xxx' should not be listed as made."
            A  special  unit  symbol (first letter capitalized) may only be listed as made in the
            special unit itself. To suppress this warning in legitimate cases, add a '+' in front
            of  the  offending  symbol (note that for non-special units, the '+' in this position
            indicates an internal symbol which should not appear in the config.sh file).

       "(?MAKE) '+xxx' is listed x times."
            A conditional dependency is listed more than once. This is harmless though.

       "(?MAKE) 'xxx' is listed x times."
            A normal depdendency is listed more than once. Again, an harmless error.

       "(?MAKE) 'xxx' listed as both conditional and full dependency."
            Symbol is listed as a normal dependency and as a conditional  one.   Metaconfig  will
            consider  this  as  being  a  full dependency, but that may not be what you initially
            wanted...

       "(?Y) unknown layout directive 'xxx'."
            Layout directives may only be one of top,  default  or  bottom,  but  case  does  not
            matter.  An  unknown  directive  is  just  ignored and handled as if default had been
            specified.

       "(?S) duplicate description for variable '$xxx'."
            Shell symbol is described more than once, and that will produce two  entries  in  the
            Glossary.

       "(?S) variable '$xxx' is not listed on ?MAKE: line."
            The  unit  describes  a  shell symbol entry which cannot be used externally since not
            listed as a dependency.

       "(?S) syntax error in ?S: construct."
            Self explainatory.

       "(?C) duplicate description for symbol 'XXX'."
            C symbol is described more than once, and that will produce two entries for it in the
            Glossary.

       "(?C) syntax error in ?C: construct."
            Self explainatory.

       "(?H) symbol 'XXX' was already defined."
            Apparently, two ?H: lines are defining the same C symbol.

       "(?H) variable '$xxx' not even listed on ?MAKE: line."
            A variable is used, but not listed on the dependency line.

       "(?H) section was already terminated by '?H:.'."
            There  can  be  no  more  ?H:  lines  after  the first '?H:.' marking the end of that
            section.

       "(?H) uncommon cpp line should be protected with '?%<:'."
            All ?H: lines that  are  recognized  by  metaconfig  and  thus  metalint  have  their
            inclusion  in  config.h  automatically  protected  by  a  suitable  symbol if none is
            provided.  However, unrecognized lines must be protected with the '?%<:' sequence  to
            avoid their inclusion should the unit not be loaded in Configure.

       "(?H) line should not be listed here but in '?C:'."
            Only  cpp  lines  should  appear  in  the  ?H: section.  If you have a comment to put
            regarding the symbol, use ?C:.  If  you  want  to  comment  a  particular  generation
            sequence, put them into ?X: comment so that they don't make it into config.h.

       "(?H) constraint 'xxx' is an unknown symbol."
            All  the  leading  ?sym:  constraints  on  the ?H: lines should be a valid shell or C
            symbol, defined in the unit.

       "(?M) syntax error in ?M: construct."
            Self explainatory.

       "(?M) symbol 'xxx' already listed on a ?M: line in 'yyy'."
            A magic definition for symbol xxx is attempted, but another one was already  provided
            in unit yyy.

       "(?V) visible declaration in non-special unit ignored."
            Visible  declarations  (?V:  lines) may only appear in special units. Otherwise, they
            are meaningless.

       "(?V) wanted variable '$xxx' made visible."
            A wanted variable (described as a dependency on  the  ?MAKE:  line)  cannot  be  made
            visible  since  that  does  not make any sense: the unit cannot depend on it and then
            advertise it as being locally defined.

       "(?V) defined variable '$xxx' made visible."
            A defined variable (listed as made on the ?MAKE: line) cannot be made visible,  since
            it could as well be directly wanted in another unit.

       "(?V) variable '$xxx' already made visible by unit yyy."
            Inconsistent declaration: two units are making one single symbol visible...

       "(?V) variable '$xxx' already read-write visible in yyy."
            The variable was already made visible as read-write by another unit.

       "(?V) variable '$xxx' already read-only visible in yyy."
            The variable was already made visible as read-only by another unit.

       "(?W) variable '$xxx' already wanted."
            Variable is already wanted, there is no need to explicitely ask for it here.

       "(?W) variable '$xxx' also locally defined."
            A  wanted variable would conflict with a locally defined variable and could result in
            getting a garbage value.

       "(?W) variable '$xxx' already listed on a ?W: line in 'yyy'."
            The variable in the shell symbol section of a ?W: line can only appear in one unit.

       "(?F) produced file 'xxx' mutiply declared."
            The file is listed more than once on the ?F: line, under the same  name.   This  does
            not  appear  when  declaring  both  a private UU file and a public file with the same
            name, for instance.

       "(?F) UU file  in non-special unit ignored."
            Private UU files (i.e. files like the myread script  created  for  later  perusal  by
            Configure)  may only be created in special units.  Exceptions allowed if the ?F: line
            is preceded by a proper ?LINT: hint.

       "(?T) temporary symbol '$xxx' multiply declared."
            Self explainatory.

       "directive should come after ?MAKE declarations."
            The directive listed between () at the beginning of this message should  really  come
            after  the  ?MAKE:  lines.  You must reorder the unit or metalint will not be able to
            properly diagnose problems.

       "control sequence '?XXX:' ignored within body."
            Attempt to use a control line other than ?X: or ?LINT: in the unit body, which should
            be only shell code

       "variable '$xxx' is changed."
            A variable listed as wanted in the dependency line is changed. Such a variable should
            be read-only for the unit. Use the change lint  hint  to  suppress  this  message  in
            pathological cases.

       "no ?MAKE: line describing dependencies."
            Every  unit  should  have  a  dependency  line,  or  it  will  be silently ignored by
            metaconfig. This message is suppressed by a ?LINT: empty hint.

       "first body line should be a general ': description'."
            The very first shell line of the unit that will be added to the  generated  Configure
            script should hold a description of the unit's purpose, on a ':' line.  There must be
            a space after the ':', since it is interpreted by  the  shell,  and  the  description
            should avoid meta-characters like '(' or '>' unless the whole string is quoted.  This
            message is suppressed by a ?LINT: nocomment hint.

       "missing space after ':' to make it a comment."
            A line starting by ':' is interpreted by the shell but will be ignored.   There  must
            be  a  space  after  the  ':'  though,  or  the  shell will try to execute an unknown
            command...

       "found unquoted meta-character > on comment line."
            A line starting by ':' is interpreted by the shell but will be ignored.   This  means
            that  meaningful  meta-characters such as '(' or '>' must be quoted or escaped with a
            leading backslash.

       "found dangling quote on ':' comment line."
            An unclosed single or double quote was spotted on a ':' comment  line.   Since  those
            lines are interpreted by the shell, albeit ignored, all quotes must match perfectly.

       "not ending with a blank line."
            Since  all  units  are  gathered  together  to form one big script, it is recommended
            (hence enforced by metalint) that every unit file end with an empty line.

       "last line not ending with a new-line character."
            This is merely intended to users whose editor does not always append  a  new-line  at
            the end of text files. Should not happen when you use vi.

       "symbol '$xxx' was not described."
            The  shell symbol defined by this unit was not documented. Use the describe lint hint
            to suppress this message.

       "C symbol 'XXX' was not described."
            The C symbol defined by this unit was not documented. Use  the  known  lint  hint  to
            suppress this message.

       "C symbol 'XXX' was not defined by any ?H: line."
            A  C  symbol  was advertised by never defined, hence it cannot appear in the config.h
            file and is therefore useless...

       "variable '$xxx' should have been set."
            A variable listed on the make line as made by the unit was not set by the shell  code
            body. Use the set lint hint to suppress this message in pathological cases.

       "unused dependency variable '$xxx'."
            Apparently  no  usage is made from a shell variable. Use the change or use lint hints
            (depending on the situation) to suppress this message.

       "unused conditional variable '$xxx'.
            Apparently no usage is made from this conditional dependency. The change or use  lint
            hints can be used to suppress this message.

       "unused temporary variable '$xxx'."
            A  variable  declared  as temporary in a ?T: line is not used. The use lint hint will
            fool metalint into thinking it's indeed used.

       "unknown control sequence '?XXX:'."
            Attempt to use an unknown control sequence.

       "unknown LINT request 'false' ignored."
            An unknown ?LINT: tag was used. All such tags must be spelled out in lowercase.

       "symbol '$xxx' has no default value."
            A symbol used as a conditional dependency in some unit has no default value set by  a
            ?D: line.

       "stale ?MAKE: dependency 'xxx'."
            Unit  lists  a  symbol  as  a  dependency, but that symbol is otherwise unknown, i.e.
            never appears as made by any other unit.

       "symbol '$xxx' missing from ?MAKE."
            A symbol used or defined was not listed as a dependency in the ?MAKE: line.

       "missing xxx from ?MAKE for visible '$yyy'."
            A symbol defined as visible by a special unit is used, but that special unit  is  not
            part of the dependency line.

       "stale ?M: dependency 'xxx'."
            Magic line lists a C symbol as a dependency but that symbol is not known by any unit.

       "unknown symbol '$xxx'."
            I  have no idea about what this symbol is. If the variable is externally define, this
            warning can be suppresed via a proper ?LINT: extern.

       "read-only symbol '$xxx' is set."
            A symbol that should be read-only is set by the unit's shell code body.

       "obsolete symbol 'xxx' is used."
            An obsolete symbol is used in the unit's shell code.

       "undeclared symbol '$xxx' is set."
            The unit tries to set a shell variable which has not been otherwise declared as  made
            or as a temporary variable, or whatever.

       "unclosed ?H: section."
            The  ?H:  section  was  not terminated by a single '?H:.' line before the body of the
            unit or the start of another ?C: section.

       "C symbol 'xxx' is defined in the following units:"
            The C symbol is defined in more that one unit. Offending units are listed.

       "Shell symbol 'xxx' is defined in the following units:"
            A shell symbol is defined in more than one unit. Offending units folllow.

       "Shell symbol 'xxx' is altogether:"
            A shell symbol is defined by some units, obsoleted by others and used as a temporary.

       "Shell symbol 'xxx' is both defined and obsoleted:"
            Self explainatory.

       "Shell symbol 'xxx' is both defined and used as temporary:"
            Self explainatory.

       "Shell symbol 'xxx' obsoleted also used as temporary:"
            Self explainatory.

       "definition of '$xxx' not closed by '?S:.'."
            Self explainatory.

       "definition of 'XXX' not closed by '?C:.'."
            Self explainatory.

       "magic definition of 'xxx' not closed by '?M:.'."
            Self explainatory.

       "variable '$xxx' is defined externally."
            A variable defined  externally  (i.e.  in  another  unit)  is  used,  without  proper
            dependency information. Use the extern lint hint to suppress this message.

       "file 'xxx' was not created."
            A  file  listed as a private UU file is not created by the special unit.  Creation is
            detected by seing an explicit shell redirection to  the  file,  not  by  an  implicit
            creation  (such  as  a  C  compilation would for instance).  All special units should
            create only shell scripts explicitely anyway so this message cannot be suppressed via
            a lint hint.

       "local file 'xxx' may override the one set by 'unit.U'."
            You  are  attempting to create a local file, but the special unit creates one bearing
            the exact same name and should it  be  loaded  before  within  Configure,  you  would
            override that file. Change the name of your local file.

       "unused temporary file 'xxx'.
            The file was declared on the ?F: line but does not appear to be used anywhere.

       "mis-used temporary file 'xxx'.
            A  local  temporary  file has been declared on the ?F: line and is used in a way that
            may not be the proper one. Indeed, all such local files  should  be  called  with  an
            explicit relative path, to avoid PATH lookups which could get you another file.

       "you might not always get file 'xxx' from 'unit.U'."
            You  seem  to  be  calling  the specified file, but not by using an explicit relative
            pathname. Relying on the PATH to find this file is not safe.  To  fix  this  problem,
            call your file using somthing like ./xxx.

       "missing Unit from ?MAKE for private file 'xxx'."
            You  are using a private UU file without listing the special unit that produces it in
            your dependency line. Add the unit to your dependency list.

       "unknown private file 'xxx'."
            The file does not appear on any ?F: line; however it should.

       "File 'xxx' is defined in the following units:"
            The listed units cannot seem to agree on who is defining the file.

       "empty here-document name discouraged."
            You should refrain from using empty names for here documents, as  metalint  will  not
            monitor those.

       "unclosed here-document xxx started line x."
            The  opened  here-document  at  line x was never closed in this unit.  This generally
            mean that when the unit is used, the generated script will not work!

       "spurious 'LINT xxx' directive."
            You have inserted a ?LINT: directive that is not used to shut-up warnings.

       "Cycle found for:"
            There is a dependency cycle found for the symbols listed. Only the  symbols  involved
            in the cycle are listed.

       "Cycle involves:"
            An  exerpt  of the dependencies where the cycle was found is listed. This may involve
            far more symbols than the previous message, because  metalint  actually  rescans  the
            rules  to  emphasize  the cycle and stops whenever it has found one, i.e. it does not
            try to minimize it (the cycle is found using another algorithm,  which  unfortunately
            cannot spit it out but only say for sure there is one).

REFERENCE

       Metalint uses the following control lines, which are otherwise ignored by metaconfig:

       ?V:read-only symbols:read-write symbols
            This  line  should  be  used  only  in special units. It lists all the shell variable
            defined by the unit which should not be used directly as dependencies by other units:
            they  must include this special unit in their dependency list if they make use of any
            of the symbols described here. Those can be viewed  as  exported  symbols  which  you
            inherit  from  when  depending  from  the unit.  Symbols may be exported read-only or
            read-write.

       ?F:files created
            This line serves two purposes: it is a metalint hint,  and  also  a  placeholder  for
            future  jmake  use.  It  must  list  three kind of files: the temporary one which are
            created for a test, the private UU  ones  created  in  the  UU  directory  for  later
            perusal,  and  the  public  ones left in the root directory of the package. Temporary
            files must be listed with a preceding '!' character (meaning "no! they're not re-used
            later!"),  private  UU  files should be preceded by a './' (meaning: to use them, say
            ./file, not just file), and public ones should be named as-is.

       ?T:shell temporaries
            This line should list all the shell variables used as temporaries within  the  unit's
            body.  This  line  should  be  kept  accurate,  and  prevents you from writing a unit
            defining a symbol which would be used as a scratch variable in another unit...

       ?LINT:keyword symbol_list
            Specifies a lint hint. The following keywords are available:

                 change         shell variable ok to be changed
                 create         persistent file ok to be created by non-special unit
                 define         shell variables listed are defined in this unit
                 describe       listed shell variables are described by ?S:
                 extern         variable known to be externally defined
                 empty          unit file is empty and kept only as a placeholder.
                 known          listed C variables are described
                 nocomment      unit file is special and may miss a leading ': description' line.
                 nothere        listed names are not here documents (e.g.  "1  <<  foo"  in  a  C
                                program)
                 set            listed variables are set
                 use            variables listed are used by this unit
                 unclosed       listed names of here-documents are not closed in this unit
                 usefile        listed  file  is used (do not prepend name with '!' for temporary
                                ones)

AUTHORS

       Harlan Stenn <harlan@mumps.pfcs.com> wrote  the  first  version,  based  on  Larry  Wall's
       metaconfig from dist 2.0.
       Raphael Manfredi <ram@hptnos02.grenoble.hp.com> rewrote it from scratch for 3.0 with a few
       enhancements.

FILES

       LIB/dist/mcon/U/*.U
                 Public unit files
       U/*.U     Private unit files

                      where LIB is /usr/share/dist.

BUGS

       Maybe.

SEE ALSO

       metaconfig(1), metaxref(1)

                                         Version 3.5 PL0                              METALINT(1)