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NAME

       pnmtofiasco - Convert a portable anymap to FIASCO compressed file

SYNOPSIS

       pnmtofiasco [option]...  [filename]...

DESCRIPTION

       pnmtofiasco  compresses  the  named  pbm, pgm, or ppm image files, or Standard Input if no
       file is named, and produces a FIASCO file on Standard Output.

OPTIONS

       All option names may be abbreviated; for example, --optimize may  be  written  --optim  or
       --opt.  For  most  options  a  one letter short option is provided.  Mandatory or optional
       arguments to long options are mandatory or optional for short options,  too.   Both  short
       and long options are case sensitive.

       The basic options are:

       -i name, --input-name=name
              Compress  the named images, not Standard Input.  If name is -, read Standard Input.
              name has to be either an image filename or a template of the form:

                                       prefix[start-end{+,-}step]suffix

              Templates are useful when compressing video  streams:  e.g.,  if  you  specify  the
              template  img0[12-01-2].pgm,  then  pnmtofiasco  compresses  the images img012.pgm,
              img010.pgm, ..., img002.pgm.

              If name is a relative path, pnmtofiasco searches for the image files in the current
              directory and in the (colon-separated) list of directories given by the environment
              variable FIASCO_IMAGES.

       -o output-file, --output-name=name
              Write FIASCO output to the named file, not to Standard Output.

              If name is a relative path and the environment variable FIASCO_DATA  is  a  (colon-
              separated)  list  of  directories,  then  pnmtofiasco writes the output file to the
              first (writable) directory of this list. Otherwise, pnmtofiasco  write  it  to  the
              current directory.

       -q N, --quality=N
              Set  quality  of  compression to N.  Quality is 1 (worst) to 100 (best); default is
              20.

       -v, --version
              Print pnmtofiasco version number, then exit.

       -V N, --verbose N
              Set level of verbosity to N.  Level is 0 (no  output  at  all),  1  (show  progress
              meter), or 2 (show detailed compression statistics); default is 1.

       -B N, --progress-meter N
              Set type of progress-meter to N.  The following types are available; default is 1:

              0: no progress meter

              1: RPM style progress bar using 50 hash marks

              2: percentage meter

       -f name, --config=name
              Load  parameter  file  name  to  initialize  the  options of pnmtofiasco.  See file
              system.fiascorc for an example of the syntax. Options of pnmtofiasco are set by any
              of the following methods (in the specified order):

              1) Global ressource file /etc/system.fiascorc

              2) $HOME/.fiascorc

              3) command line

              4) --config=name

       -h, --info
              Print brief help, then exit.

       -H, --help
              Print detailed help, then exit.

       The options for advanced users are:

       -b name, --basis-name=name
              Preload  compression  basis  name  into FIASCO. The basis name provides the initial
              compression dictionary.  Either use one of the files "small.fco", "medium.fco",  or
              "large.fco" that come with pnmtofiasco or create a new ASCII basis file.

       -z N, --optimize=N Set optimization level to
              N.  Level  is 0 (fastes) to 3 (slowest); default is 1. Be warned, the encoding time
              dramatically increased when N=2 or  N=3  while  the  compression  performance  only
              slightly improves.

       -P, --prediction
              Use additional predictive coding. If this optimization is enabled then the image is
              compressed in two steps. In the first step, a coarse approximation of the image  is
              computed using large unichrome blocks. Finally, the delta image is computed and the
              prediction error is approximated using the standard FIASCO algorithm.

       -D N, --dictionary-size=N
              Set size of dictionary that is used when coding the luminance band to N; default is
              10000, i.e., the dictionary is not restricted.

       -C N, --chroma-dictionary=N
              Set size of dictionary that is used when coding chroma bands to N; default is 40.

       -Q N, --chroma-qfactor=N
              Reduce  the  quality  of  chroma  band compression N-times with respect to the user
              defined quality q of the luminance band compression (--quality=q); default is 2.

       -t N, --tiling-exponent=N
              Subdivide the image into 2^N tiles prior coding; default is 4, i.e.  the  image  is
              subdivided  into  16 tiles. The processing order of the individual tiles is defined
              by the option --tiling-method=name.

       -T name, --tiling-method=name
              Order the individual  image  tiles  (the  image  is  subdivided  into;  see  option
              --tiling-exponent=N) by method name; default is "desc-variance".

              desc-variance: Tiles with small variances are processed first.

              asc-variance: Tiles with large variances are processed first.

              desc-spiral: Tiles are process in spiral order starting in the middle.

              asc-spiral: Tiles are process in spiral order starting at the border.

       --rpf-mantissa=N
              Use N mantissa bits for quantized coefficients.

       --dc-rpf-mantissa=N
              Use N mantissa bits for quantized DC coefficients.

       --rpf-range=N
              Coefficients outside the quantization interval [-N,+N] are set to zero.

       --dc-rpf-range=N
              DC coefficients outside the quantization interval [-N,+N] are set to zero.

       Additional options for video compression are:

       -s N, --smooth=N
              Smooth  decompressed  reference  frames along the partitioning borders by the given
              amount N. N is 0 (no smoothing) to 100; default is 70. This factor is stored in the
              FIASCO file.

       -m N, --min-level=N
              Start  prediction (motion compensated prediction or additional prediction) on block
              level N; default is level 6. I.e., motion compensation  is  applied  to  all  image
              blocks  of  at  least  8x8 pixels (binary tree level N=6), 16x8 (N=7), 16x16 (N=8),
              etc.

       -M N, --max-level=N
              Stop prediction (motion compensated prediction or additional prediction)  on  block
              level  N;  default  is  level 10. I.e., motion compensation is applied to all image
              blocks of at most 16x16 pixels (N=8), 32x16 (N=9), 32x32 (N=10), etc.

       -2, --half-pixel
              Use half pixel precise motion compensation.

       -F N, --fps=N
              Set number of frames per second to N. This value is stored  in  the  FIASCO  output
              file and is used in the decoder dfiasco(1) to control the framerate.

       -p type, --pattern=type
              Defines  the  type of inter frame compression which should be applied to individual
              frames  of  a  video  stream.  type  is  a  sequence  of  characters;  default   is
              "IPPPPPPPPP".  Element  N  defines  the type of predicting which should be used for
              frame N; the frame type pattern is periodically extended. Valid characters are:

              I: intra frame, i.e., no motion compensated prediction is used at all.

              P: predicted frame, i.e.,  a  previously  encoded  frame  is  used  for  prediction
              (forward prediction).

              B:  bidirectional predicted frame, i.e., not only a previously shown frame but also
              a frame of the future is used for prediction  (forward,  backward  or  interpolated
              prediction).

       --cross-B-search
              Instead  of  using exhaustive search the "Cross-B-Search" algorithm is used to find
              the best interpolated prediction of B-frames.

       --B-as-past-ref
              Also use previously encoded B-frames when prediction the  current  frame.  If  this
              option is not set, only I- and P-frames are used to predict the current frame.

EXAMPLES

       pnmtofiasco < foo.ppm >foo.wfa
              Compress  the  still image "foo.ppm" to the FIASCO file "foo.wfa" using the default
              options.

       pnmtofiasco -2 -p "IBBPBBPBB" -fps 15 -o video.wfa foo0*.ppm
              Compress the video frames "foo0*.ppm" to the FIASCO  file  "video.wfa"  using  half
              pixel  precise  motion  compensation at a frame rate of 15 frames per second. Intra
              frame 1 is used to predict P-frame 4, frames 1 and 4 are used to predict B-frames 2
              and 3, and so on. Frame 10 is again an intra-frame.

FILES

       /etc/system.fiascorc
              The systemwide initialization file.
       $HOME/.fiascorc
              The personal initialization file.

ENVIRONMENT

       FIASCO_IMAGES
              Search path for image files. Default is "./".
       FIASCO_DATA
              Search and save path for FIASCO files. Default is "./".

SEE ALSO

       fiascotopnm(1), ppmtojpeg(1), pnmtojbig(1), ppmtogif(1), pnm(5)

       Ullrich Hafner, Juergen Albert, Stefan Frank, and Michael Unger.  Weighted Finite Automata
       for Video Compression, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas In Communications, January 1998
       Ullrich Hafner. Low Bit-Rate Image and Video Coding with Weighted Finite  Automata,  Ph.D.
       thesis, Mensch & Buch Verlag, ISBN 3-89820-002-7, October 1999.

AUTHOR

       Ullrich Hafner <hafner@bigfoot.de>

                                          July 12, 2000                           pnmmtofiasco(1)