Provided by: gmt_4.5.11-1build1_amd64 bug

NAME

       psmeca - Plot focal mechanisms on maps

SYNOPSIS

       psmeca   files   -Jparameters   -Rwest/east/south/north[r]   [   -B[p|s]parameters   ]   [
       -C[pen][Ppointsize] ] [ -Ddepmin/depmax ] [ -Efill] [ -Gfill] [ -H[i][nrec] ]  [  -K  ]  [
       -L[pen]  ]  [ -M ] [ -N ] [ -O ] [ -P ] [ -S<format><scale>[/d]] [ -Tnum_of_plane[pen] ] [
       -U[just/dx/dy/][c|label] ] [ -V ] [ -Wpen  ]  [  -X[a|c|r][x-shift[u]]  ]  [  -Y[a|c|r][y-
       shift[u]]  ]  [ -Zcptfile] [ -z ] [ -a[size[P_symbol[T_symbol]]] ] [ -gfill ] [ -efill ] [
       -o ] [ -ppen ] [ -tpen ] [ -:[i|o] ] [ -ccopies ]

DESCRIPTION

       psmeca reads data values from files [or standard input] and generates PostScript code that
       will  plot  focal  mechanisms  on  a  map.   Most  options  are the same as for psxy.  The
       PostScript code is written to standard output.

ARGUMENTS

       files List one or more file-names. If no files are given, psmeca will read standard input.

       -J     Selects the map projection. Scale is UNIT/degree, 1:xxxxx, or width in UNIT  (upper
              case  modifier).   UNIT is cm, inch, or m, depending on the MEASURE_UNIT setting in
              .gmtdefaults4, but this can be overridden on the command line by appending c, i, or
              m  to  the scale/width value.  When central meridian is optional, default is center
              of longitude range on -R option.  Default standard parallel is  the  equator.   For
              map  height,  max  dimension,  or  min  dimension,  append h, +, or - to the width,
              respectively.
              More details can be found in the psbasemap man pages.

              CYLINDRICAL PROJECTIONS:

              -Jclon0/lat0/scale (Cassini)
              -Jcyl_stere/[lon0/[lat0/]]scale (Cylindrical Stereographic)
              -Jj[lon0/]scale (Miller)
              -Jm[lon0/[lat0/]]scale (Mercator)
              -Jmlon0/lat0/scale (Mercator - Give meridian and standard parallel)
              -Jo[a]lon0/lat0/azimuth/scale (Oblique Mercator - point and azimuth)
              -Jo[b]lon0/lat0/lon1/lat1/scale (Oblique Mercator - two points)
              -Joclon0/lat0/lonp/latp/scale (Oblique Mercator - point and pole)
              -Jq[lon0/[lat0/]]scale (Cylindrical Equidistant)
              -Jtlon0/[lat0/]scale (TM - Transverse Mercator)
              -Juzone/scale (UTM - Universal Transverse Mercator)
              -Jy[lon0/[lat0/]]scale (Cylindrical Equal-Area)

              CONIC PROJECTIONS:

              -Jblon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Albers)
              -Jdlon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Conic Equidistant)
              -Jllon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Lambert Conic Conformal)
              -Jpoly/[lon0/[lat0/]]scale ((American) Polyconic)

              AZIMUTHAL PROJECTIONS:

              -Jalon0/lat0[/horizon]/scale (Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area)
              -Jelon0/lat0[/horizon]/scale (Azimuthal Equidistant)
              -Jflon0/lat0[/horizon]/scale (Gnomonic)
              -Jglon0/lat0[/horizon]/scale (Orthographic)
              -Jglon0/lat0/altitude/azimuth/tilt/twist/Width/Height/scale (General Perspective).
              -Jslon0/lat0[/horizon]/scale (General Stereographic)

              MISCELLANEOUS PROJECTIONS:

              -Jh[lon0/]scale (Hammer)
              -Ji[lon0/]scale (Sinusoidal)
              -Jkf[lon0/]scale (Eckert IV)
              -Jk[s][lon0/]scale (Eckert VI)
              -Jn[lon0/]scale (Robinson)
              -Jr[lon0/]scale (Winkel Tripel)
              -Jv[lon0/]scale (Van der Grinten)
              -Jw[lon0/]scale (Mollweide)

              NON-GEOGRAPHICAL PROJECTIONS:

              -Jp[a]scale[/origin][r|z] (Polar coordinates (theta,r))
              -Jxx-scale[d|l|ppow|t|T][/y-scale[d|l|ppow|t|T]] (Linear, log, and power scaling)

       -R     west, east, south, and north specify the Region of interest, and  you  may  specify
              them  in  decimal  degrees  or  in [+-]dd:mm[:ss.xxx][W|E|S|N] format.  Append r if
              lower left and upper right map coordinates are given instead of w/e/s/n.   The  two
              shorthands  -Rg  and  -Rd stand for global domain (0/360 and -180/+180 in longitude
              respectively, with -90/+90 in latitude). Alternatively,  specify  the  name  of  an
              existing grid file and the -R settings (and grid spacing, if applicable) are copied
              from the grid.

       -S     Selects the meaning of the columns in the data file .  In order  to  use  the  same
              file  to  plot  cross-sections,  depth  is  in  third  column.  Nevertheless, it is
              possible to use "old style" psvelomeca input files without depth  in  third  column
              using the -o option.

       -Sascale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
              Focal  mechanisms in Aki and Richards convention.  scale adjusts the scaling of the
              radius of the "beach ball", which will be proportional to the magnitude.  Scale  is
              the  size for magnitude = 5 in inch (unless c, i, m, or p is appended).  Use the -T
              option to render the beach ball transparent by drawing only the  nodal  planes  and
              the  circumference.   The  color  or  shade  of  the  compressive  quadrants can be
              specified with the -G option.  The color or shade of the extensive quadrants can be
              specified  with  the  -E  option.   Parameters  are expected to be in the following
              columns:

              longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)

              depth of event in kilometers

              strike, dip and rake in degrees

              magnitude

              longitude, latitude at which to place beach ball. Entries in these
                      columns are necessary with the -C option.  Using 0,0 in  columns  8  and  9
                      will  plot the beach ball at the longitude, latitude given in columns 1 and
                      2.  The -: option will interchange the order of columns (1,2) and (8,9).

              Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).

       -Scscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
              Focal mechanisms in Harvard CMT convention.   scale  adjusts  the  scaling  of  the
              radius  of  the "beach ball", which will be proportional to the magnitude. Scale is
              the size for magnitude = 5 (that is M0 = 4.0E23 dynes-cm) in inch (unless c, i,  m,
              or  p  is  appended).   Use  the  -T option to render the beach ball transparent by
              drawing only the nodal planes and the circumference. The  color  or  shade  of  the
              compressive  quadrants  can be specified with the -G option.  The color or shade of
              the extensive quadrants can be  specified  with  the  -E  option.   Parameters  are
              expected to be in the following columns:

              longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)

              depth of event in kilometers

              strike, dip, and rake of plane 1

              strike, dip, and rake of plane 2

              mantissa and exponent of moment in dyne-cm

              longitude, latitude at which to place beach ball. Entries in these
                          columns  are  necessary  with the -C option.  Using (0,0) in columns 12
                          and 13 will plot the beach ball at the  longitude,  latitude  given  in
                          columns  1  and 2.  The -: option will interchange the order of columns
                          (1,2) and (12,13).

              Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).

       -Sm|d|zscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
              Seismic moment tensor (Harvard CMT, with zero trace). scale adjusts the scaling  of
              the  radius of the "beach ball", which will be proportional to the magnitude. Scale
              is the size for magnitude = 5 (that is scalar seismic moment = 4.0E23 dynes-cm)  in
              inch  (unless  c, i, m, or p is appended).  (-T0 option overlays best double couple
              transparently.)  Use -Sm to plot the Harvard CMT seismic moment  tensor  with  zero
              trace.   Use  -Sd to plot only the double couple part of moment tensor.  Use -Sz to
              plot the anisotropic part of moment tensor (zero trace).  The color or shade of the
              compressive  quadrants  can be specified with the -G option.  The color or shade of
              the extensive quadrants can be  specified  with  the  -E  option.   Parameters  are
              expected to be in the following columns:

              longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)

              depth of event in kilometers

              mrr, mtt, mff, mrt, mrf, mtf in 10*exponent dynes-cm

              exponent

              longitude, latitude at which to place beach ball. Entries in these
                         columns are necessary with the -C option.  Using (0,0) in columns 11 and
                         12 will plot the beach ball at the longitude, latitude given in  columns
                         1  and 2.  The -: option will interchange the order of columns (1,2) and
                         (11,12).

              Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).

       -Spscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
              Focal mechanisms given with partial data on both planes.  scale adjusts the scaling
              of  the  radius  of  the "beach ball", which will be proportional to the magnitude.
              Scale is the size for magnitude = 5 in inch (unless c, i, m,  or  p  is  appended).
              The  color  or  shade  of  the  compressive  quadrants can be specified with the -G
              option.  The color or shade of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E
              option.  Parameters are expected to be in the following columns:

              longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)

              depth of event in kilometers

              strike, dip of plane 1

              strike of plane 2

              must be -1/+1 for a normal/inverse fault

              magnitude

              longitude, latitude at which to place beach ball. Entries in these
                       columns are necessary with the -C option.  Using (0,0) in columns 9 and 10
                       will plot the beach ball at the longitude, latitude given in columns 1 and
                       2.  The -: option will interchange the order of columns (1,2) and (9,10).

              Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).

       -Sx|y|tscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
              Principal axis.  scale adjusts the scaling of the radius of the "beach ball", which
              will be proportional to the magnitude. Scale is the size for magnitude = 5 (that is
              seismic  scalar  moment  =  4*10e+23  dynes-cm)  in  inch  (unless c, i, m, or p is
              appended).  (-T0 option overlays best double couple  transparently.)   Use  -Sx  to
              plot  standard  Harvard CMT.  Use -Sy to plot only the double couple part of moment
              tensor.  Use -St to plot zero trace moment tensor.   The  color  or  shade  of  the
              compressive  quadrants  can be specified with the -G option.  The color or shade of
              the extensive quadrants can be  specified  with  the  -E  option.   Parameters  are
              expected to be in the following columns:

              longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)

              depth of event in kilometers

              value (in 10*exponent dynes-cm), azimuth, plunge of T, N, P axis.

              exponent

              longitude, latitude at which to place beach ball. Entries in these
                            columns  are necessary with the -C option.  Using (0,0) in columns 14
                            and 15 will plot the beach ball at the longitude, latitude  given  in
                            columns 1 and 2.  The -: option will interchange the order of columns
                            (1,2) and (14,15).

              Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).

OPTIONS

       No space between the option flag and the associated arguments.

       -B     Sets map boundary annotation and tickmark intervals; see the psbasemap man page for
              all the details.

       -C[pen][Ppointsize]
              Offsets  focal  mechanisms  to  the  longitude,  latitude specified in the last two
              columns of the input file before the (optional) text string.   A  small  circle  is
              plotted  at  the  initial location and a line connects the beachball to the circle.
              Specify pen and/or pointsize to change the line style and/or size  of  the  circle.
              [Defaults: pen width = 1, color = 0/0/0, texture = solid; pointsize 0].

       -Ddepmin/depmax
              Plots events between depmin and depmax.

       -Efill Selects  filling  of  extensive quadrants. Usually white.  Set the shade (0-255) or
              color (r/g/b) [Default is 255/255/255].

       -Gfill Selects filling of focal mechanisms.  By convention, the compressional quadrants of
              the focal mechanism beach balls are shaded.  Set the shade (0-255) or color (r/g/b)
              [Default is 0/0/0].

       -H     Input file(s) has header record(s).  If used, the default number of header  records
              is  N_HEADER_RECS.   Use -Hi if only input data should have header records [Default
              will write out header records if the input data have them]. Blank lines  and  lines
              starting with # are always skipped.

       -K     More PostScript code will be appended later [Default terminates the plot system].

       -L[pen]
              Draws  the  "beach ball" outline with pen attributes.  [Defaults width = 1, color =
              0/0/0, texture = solid].

       -M     Use the same size for any magnitude. Size is given with -S.

       -N     Does NOT skip symbols that fall outside frame boundary  specified  by  -R  [Default
              plots symbols inside frame only].

       -O     Selects Overlay plot mode [Default initializes a new plot system].

       -P     Selects  Portrait  plotting  mode  [Default is Landscape, see gmtdefaults to change
              this].

       -T[num_of_planes]
              Plots  the  nodal  planes  and  outlines  the  bubble  which  is  transparent.   If
              num_of_planes is
                    0: both nodal planes are plotted;
                    1: only the first nodal plane is plotted;
                    2: only the second nodal plane is plotted.

       -U     Draw  Unix  System time stamp on plot.  By adding just/dx/dy/, the user may specify
              the justification of the stamp and where the stamp should fall on the page relative
              to  lower  left  corner of the plot.  For example, BL/0/0 will align the lower left
              corner of the time stamp with the lower  left  corner  of  the  plot.   Optionally,
              append  a  label,  or  c (which will plot the command string.).  The GMT parameters
              UNIX_TIME, UNIX_TIME_POS, and UNIX_TIME_FORMAT can affect the appearance;  see  the
              gmtdefaults man page for details.  The time string will be in the locale set by the
              environment variable TZ (generally local time).

       -V     Selects verbose mode, which will send progress  reports  to  stderr  [Default  runs
              "silently"].

       -W

   SPECIFYING PENS
       pen    The  attributes  of  lines  and  symbol  outlines  as  defined  by  pen  is a comma
              delimetered list of width, color and texture, each of which is optional.  width can
              be   indicated   as   a   measure   (points,  centimeters,  inches)  or  as  faint,
              thin[ner|nest], thick[er|est], fat[ter|test], or obese.   color  specifies  a  gray
              shade  or  color  (see SPECIFYING COLOR below).  texture is a combination of dashes
              `-' and dots `.'.

       -X -Y  Shift  plot  origin  relative  to  the  current  origin  by  (x-shift,y-shift)  and
              optionally  append  the  length  unit (c, i, m, p).  You can prepend a to shift the
              origin back to the original position after plotting, or  prepend   r  [Default]  to
              reset  the  current origin to the new location.  If -O is used then the default (x-
              shift,y-shift)  is  (0,0),  otherwise  it  is  (r1i,  r1i)   or   (r2.5c,   r2.5c).
              Alternatively,  give c to align the center coordinate (x or y) of the plot with the
              center of the page based on current page size.

       -Zcptfile
              Give a color palette file and let compressive part color be determined  by  the  z-
              value in the third column.

       -z     Overlay zero trace moment tensor.

       -a[size/[P_axis_symbol[T_axis_symbol]]]
              Computes  and  plots  P  and  T  axes  with  symbols.  Optionally  specify size and
              (separate) P and T axis symbols from the following: (c) circle,  (d)  diamond,  (h)
              hexagon,  (i)  inverse  triangle,  (p)  point, (s) square, (t) triangle, (x) cross.
              [Defaults: 0.2c/cc or 0.08i/cc.]

       -efill Selects filling of T axis symbol.  Set the shade (0-255) or color (r/g/b).  Default
              is white.

       -gfill Selects  filling of P axis symbol.  Set the shade (0-255) or color (r/g/b). Default
              black.

       -o     Use the psvelomeca input format without depth in the third column.

       -p[pen]
              Draws the P axis outline using default pen (see -W), or sets pen attributes.

       -t[pen]
              Draws the T axis outline using default pen (see -W), or sets pen attributes.

       -:     Toggles between (longitude,latitude) and (latitude,longitude) input and/or  output.
              [Default  is  (longitude,latitude)].   Append i to select input only or o to select
              output only.  [Default affects both].

       -c     Specifies the number of plot copies. [Default is 1].

EXAMPLES

       The following file should give a normal-faulting CMT mechanism:
       psmeca -R 239/240/34/35.2 -Jm 4 -Sc 0.4 -H 1 <<END>! test.ps
       lon     lat    depth str dip slip  st dip slip mant exp plon plat
       239.384 34.556  12.  180  18  -88   0  72  -90  5.5  0   0    0
       END

SEE ALSO

       GMT(1), psbasemap(1), psxy(1)

REFERENCES

       Bomford, G., Geodesy, 4th ed., Oxford University Press, 1980.
       Aki, K. and P. Richards, Quantitative Seismology, Freeman, 1980.
       F. A. Dahlen and Jeroen Tromp, Theoretical Seismology, Princeton, 1998, p.167.
       Cliff Frohlich, Cliff's Nodes Concerning Plotting Nodal Lines for P, Sh and Sv
       Seismological Research Letters, Volume 67, Number 1, January-February, 1996
       Thorne Lay, Terry C. Wallace, Modern Global Seismology, Academic Press, 1995, p.384.
       W.H. Press, S.A. Teukolsky, W.T. Vetterling, B.P. Flannery, Numerical Recipes in
        C, Cambridge University press (routine jacobi)

AUTHORS

       Genevieve Patau
       CNRS UMR 7580
       Seismology Dept.
       Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
       (patau@.ipgp.jussieu.fr)